| 释义 |
dehydration, n. (Formerly at dehydrate v.)|ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪʃən|
[f. de- II. 1 + hydr- + -ation.]
a. The loss or removal of water, or the elements of water.
1855J. Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sci.: Chem. 453 The result of difference between hydration and dehydration. 1876Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 159 The same complete dehydration is effected more slowly by mere exposure to the air. 1904Monogr. U.S. Geol. Survey XLVII. 204 Dehydration is the subtraction of water from hydroxides... Anhydrous compounds are formed. 1921C. V. Ekroth in A. Rogers Industr. Chem. (ed. 3) li. 1170 The dehydration of cow's milk, partial or complete, produces, in the former case, the condensed and evaporated milk so familiar to us. 1948A. N. Sachanen Conversion of Petroleum (ed. 2) iv. 315 This ‘constitutional’ water is an important part of active catalysts. The thermal treatment under more severe conditions causes total deactivation of catalysts and simultaneously dehydration. 1973P. J. King et al. in Hobson & Pohl Mod. Petroleum Technol. (ed. 4) vi. 186 The fluid obtained at the wellhead is submitted to degassing and dehydration operations. 1986G. G. Birch et al. Food Sci. (ed. 3) viii. 94 The main methods of food preservation, are listed below: 1. Treatment with chemicals; 2. Freezing; 3. Dehydration; 4. Canning.
b. spec. A reduction in the amount of water in the body, esp. to an extent that is harmful to health.
1912Jrnl. Hygiene XII. 487 Great temporary dehydration may be very false economy; since while the depleted reserves are being restored, water may be run to waste in the form of unnecessary perspiration. 1934Lancet 23 June 1331/1 Fluid may be given orally, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intravenously in this order, until the dehydration is relieved. 1984J. F. Lamb et al. Essent. Physiol. (ed. 2) vi. 174 The false thirst arising from a dry mouth after speaking etc. is satisfied by wetting the mouth, whereas real thirst due to dehydration is not. |