| 释义 |
▪ I. stipend, n.|ˈstaɪpɛnd|
Forms: 5 stipendy, 5–6 stipende, 6 stipound, stipent, Sc. stepende, stipand, 6–8 stypend(e, 7 stipen, stippyant, Sc. steipen, 8 stypand, 6– stipend.
[a. OF. stipende, stipendie, ad. L. stīpendium, for *stippendium, f. stip-em (nom. stips only in glosses) money payment, wages, alms, f. pendĕre to weigh, hence to pay. Cf. It. stipendio, Sp., Pg. estipendio.]
1. The pay of a soldier. Now rare.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 441 If the faders diede theire sonnes scholde haue theire stipendy. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 127 Many offered them selues to goo with him of theyr owne charges withowt the kynges stipende. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Luke iii. 14 And he said to them,..be content with your stipends. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa iii. 160 Neither had they any other weapons but hand-bowes..vnto which attendants the King allowed a large stipend. 1653Jer. Taylor Serm. Yr., Winter iii. 35 It is the gift of God; a donative beyond the ὀψώνιον, the military stipend. 1670Milton Hist. Brit. iii. 112 Others..were..entertain'd without suspicion on these terms, that they should bear the brunt of War against the Picts, receaving stipend and some place to inhabit. 1845Stephen Laws Eng. I. 176 The temporary use of land was bestowed on the one hand, as the stipend for military service to be performed on the other. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxi. IV. 546 The citizen was heavily taxed for the purpose of paying to the soldier the largest military stipend known in Europe. 1875Merivale Gen. Hist. Rome xxxi. (1877) 224 Cicero..earned under the auspices of Strabo his first and only ‘stipend’.
†b. at one's own stipends, i.e. ‘charges’: cf. 1 Cor. ix. 7 (Vulg.), Quis militat suis stipendiis unquam?
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 189 The Romanes vsede this consuetude, that men vsenge batelles scholde lyve of theire propre stipendies and goodes [L. ut bellatores militarent stipendiis propriis]. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 104 Baith the nobilitie and the haill peple fechtes vpon thair awne stipends.
†c. Military service. Obs.—1 [A Latin use.]
1604Edmonds Observ. Cæsar's Comm. 2 The law required euery man to perfect the complete number of twentie yeares stipend.
2. A salary or fixed periodical payment, made (annually or at shorter intervals) to a clergyman, teacher, or public official, in requital of his services.
In Scotland practically confined to the payment received by a clergyman. In England it is the usual word for the pay of a curate or other clergyman remunerated at a fixed rate, of a superior schoolmaster, of a professor, of a judge. The official income of a minister of state, on the other hand, or that of a civil servant, is more commonly called salary.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) V. 403 The consuetudo of the churche of Rome is that iiij. porcions be made of every stipendy congruente; oon porcion to the bischoppe and to his howseholde; the seconde porcion to the clergy [etc.]. 1480in Bury Wills (Camden) 61, I wole yt the seid chauntry priest haue for his stipende yerely x. marc' of lawfull money. 1523Lincoln Wills (1914) I. 118 To an honest prest..to his stipound the sowme of vl. 1545Brinklow Compl. ix. (1874) 22 That all iudges and pleaters shuld lyue vpon a stypend, & cetera. 1553Respublica iii. vi. 860 This bag..is bribes above my stipende in offecis. 1564Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 287 The ministeris gettis na payment of thair appointit stipends. 1575Gascoigne Glasse of Govt. Wks. 1910 II. 14 It shall nowe bee our partes to understand what stipend may content you [sc. tutors] for your paines. 1591–5Spenser Col. Clout 746 For Cynthia doth in sciences abound, And giues to their professors stipends large. 1599Shuttleworth's Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 117 To Mr. Saunders, the late vicar of Bolton, being last of his half yeares stipend,..xxvs. 1643Baker Chron., Jas. I, 151 Edward Allin..founded a faire Hospitall at Dulwich..to have a Schoolemaster with dyet, and a convenient stipend. 1649Lamont Diary (Maitl. Club) 11 At his transportation, the steipen of the said parish was augmented by the Earle of Keelly. c1730Ramsay Vision xiv, Will preists without their stypands preich? 1782V. Knox Ess. liii. I. 235 The stipends of the most useful part of the clergy, those who officiate, are often not greater than the earnings of a hireling mechanic. 1786Burns Ordination 39 That Stipend is a carnal weed He takes but for the fashion. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. viii, What have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage, for,..an I canna get a spell of a prayer for't? 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 309 In fact, however, the stipends of the higher class of official men were as large as at present, and not seldom larger. 1861[Trevelyan] Horace at Univ. Athens (1862) 37, I shall make bold to take the college plate, And lay a tax of ninety-nine per cent On all the fellows' stipends and the rent. 1883Athenæum 30 June 828/1 A superintendent of the workshops must be paid a stipend sufficient to secure a man combining scientific knowledge..and practical ability. 1883R. B. Smith Ld. Lawrence I. xi. 309 The stipend of the teacher was precarious enough.
†b. In generalized sense. Obs.
1529Supplic. to King (E.E.T.S.) 29 Suche which haue receyued lyuinge and stypende to be in their churches. 1539Act 31 Hen. VIII, c. 9 Reders of Grece, Ebrewe, and Latten to have good stipend. 1559Bp. Cox in Strype Ann. Ref. (1709) I. vi. 100 We fear God will not bear it well, That the Stipend of his holy Ministry should be diminished or impaired. 1579–80North Plutarch, Alexander (1612) 676 Philip..sent for Aristotle..to teach his son, vnto whom he gaue honourable stipend.
†3. gen. Payment for services, wages. Obs.
1514Barclay Cit. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 23 Some gladly borowe, and never paye agayne, Some kepe from servauntes the stipend of theyr payne. 1551T. Wilson Logic 51 Noble men are desirous to haue a good horse⁓keeper that can keepe their horses well, and they spare not to giue great stipends to such. 1586Warner Alb. Eng. iv. xxii. (1592) 97 Yet, wot I, neuer Traytour did his Treasons Stypend mis. 1614Ralegh Hist. World iv. vii. §1. 294 The Generall consecrated a Temple to them [Castor and Pollux] as a stipend for their paines. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iv. 341 Many Gentlemen..will..voluntarily vndertake that to satisfie their pleasure, which a poore man for a good stipend would scarce be hired to vndergoe. 1637Marmion Cupid & Psyche ii. ii. K 3 b, And a poore man, though tyde serve, and the wind, If he no stipend bring, must stay behind. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. Wks. 1851 III. 315 How can we believe ye would refuse to take the stipend of Rome, when ye shame not to live upon the almes-basket of her prayers? 1825W. Irving Wolfert's Roost (1855) 175 The porter and his wife act as domestics..making their beds, arranging their rooms,..and doing other menial offices, for which they receive a monthly stipend. 1856Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. (1862) II. v. 149 The boys are generally taken away from school as soon as they are able to earn some small stipend. 1863Confess. Ticket-of-Leave Man 51 Every postman has his ‘walk’, as you know; and certain houses in the City pay their postman a stipend for the speedier delivery of their letters every morning.
†b. In 16–17th c. often in echoes of Rom. vi. 23 (Vulg.), Stipendia enim peccati mors.
1549Latimer 7th Serm. bef. Edw. VI B b v, [Christ] toke vpon hym our synnes... I meane not so, not to do it, not to commit it, but to purge it, to cleanse it, to beare the stypende of it. 1554Coverdale Hope of Faithful xxv. 172 The..bible..sayeth euidently: death is y⊇ stypende or rewarde of synne. 1575–85Abp. Sandys Serm. xix. 330 Seeing our sinne with the remembraunce of the stipende due for the same, wee [etc.]. 1620Quarles Feast for Worms Med. vi. F 3, Lo, Death is..The iust procured stipend of our sinne. 1629R. Hill Pathw. Piety (repr.) II. 58 For the stipend and wages of sin is death.
4. A fixed periodical payment of any kind, e.g. a pension or allowance, † a tax. Also, † to keep in stipend, to defray the maintenance of.
1545R. Ascham Toxoph. ii. (Arb.) 130 The Romaynes..appoynted.. the Censores to alow out of ye common hutche yearly stipendes for ye findinge of certayne Geese. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 290 A certeyne stypende in maner of almes. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 114 This annual stypende, called of the common people Peter pence. 1560Gresham in Burgon Life (1839) I. 310 Most humblye desiring you to be so good Father unto hym..as to augment his stipend to one hundrethe crowns more by the yere;..wherebye a maye meynteyne hymselfe somethinge like your eldest son. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 200 There was no meane prince in all India which was not Lord of many Elephants. The king of Palibotræ kept in stipend, eight thousand euery day. 1607B.N.C. Muniments 23. 81 Received of the Renter-warden of the Skinner Company for a yearly Stippyant for a Scholler. a1652Brome Queenes Exch. i. ii. (1657) B 4, Allowing you That yearly stipen formerly I gave you. 1694E. Phillips tr. Milton's Lett. State 36 It is..most unjust that they [sc. guests and strangers] should be compell'd to pay publick Stipends in a Foreign Commonwealth to him from whom they are..deliver'd at home. 1751E. Haywood Betsy Thoughtless IV. 45 For I confess my self utterly unable to maintain a family, like our's, on the nigard stipend you have allotted for that purpose. 1766Blackstone Comm. ii. xxx. 454 Hiring is always for a price, a stipend, or additional recompense; borrowing is merely gratuitous. 1783Burke Rep. Affairs of India Wks. 1842 II. 60 On the same complicated principles the subsequent resolution of the board professes to allow the nabob the management of his stipend and expences. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xxxiv, Mr. Mantalini waited,..to hear the amount of the proposed stipend. 1848― Haunted Man i. 24 His very picter..hangs in what used to be..afore our ten poor gentlemen commuted for an annual stipend in money, our great Dinner Hall.
†b. A dole or allowance in kind. Obs. rare.
1631Weever Anc. Funeral Mon. 331 A weekly stipend of bread to the poore.
†c. Income. Obs.
1605Chapman All Fooles i. i. B 4, That knights competency you haue gotten With care and labour; he with lust and idlenesse Will bring into the stypend of a begger. 1612W. Parkes Curtaine-Dr. (1876) 20 Yearely, or certaine stipend hath he none.
5. attrib. as † stipend coin, stipend wage(s.
1531Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 23, v li. for his stipent wage. 1538Bale Bapt. Preach. in Harl. Misc. (1744) I. 102 For your peynes ye haue appoynted by the emproure Your stypende wages. 15911st Pt. Troubl. Raigne John D 3, And here in mariage I doo giue with her..thirtie thousande markes of stipend coyne.
▪ II. † ˈstipend, v. Obs.
Also 7 stipen.
[f. stipend n. Cf. F. stipendier (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), Sp. estipendiar, It. stipendiare; also L. stipendiārī to be in receipt of pay.]
1. trans. To pay as a reward. (In the Fr. orig. stipendier is used as in 2 below; Caxton has mistaken or altered the construction.)
1490Caxton Eneydos ix. 38 She wolde rewarde theym wyth suche guerdons as apperteyneth to grete and hie goddys to be stypended.
2. To provide with a stipend, salary, or pension.
1597Warner Alb. Eng. ix. liii. 240 Scarse will their Studies stipend them, their wiues and Children cote. 1601in Foley Rec. Eng. Prov. S.J. (1880) VI. 735 He hath stipened one Allen, a soldier, a cunning fellow, for that purpose. 1620Shelton 2nd Pt. Quix. xlvii. 306, I, Sir, am a Physician, and am stipended in this Iland to bee so to the Gouernours of it. 1636Direct. Cure of Plague B 3 b, Three Chirurgions..are also to be stipended by the City. 1651tr. Life Father Paul Sarpi (1676) 60 In Rome after they were secur'd and stipended for a time, it came after to a resolution of casting them into Prison. |