| 释义 |
▪ I. deny, v.|dɪˈnaɪ|
Forms: 4–6 denye, 6–7 denie, 4– deny; also 4–5 denoy(e, 4–7 denay(e.
[a. F. dénier (OF. also deneier, -noier, -neer) = Pr. deneyar, denegar, Sp. denegar, It. dinegare:—L. dēnegāre, f. de- I. 3 + negāre to say no, refuse, deny. In OF. the atonic stem-form was denei-er, denoi-er (:—dēneˈgāre), the tonic deni-e (:—denieie:—dēˈnegat); by carrying each of these through, there arose two forms denei-er (denoi-er), deni-er, whence ME. deney, denay (denoy), and deny. By 16th c. writers, to whom denay was more or less of an archaism, it was apparently associated with nay: cf. the following:
1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 279 Y⊇ state of cardynal, whiche was naied and denayed hym by y⊇ Kyng.]
I. To say ‘no’ to a statement, assertion, doctrine.
1. To contradict or gainsay (anything stated or alleged); to declare to be untrue or untenable, or not what it is stated to be.
a. Const. with simple object (formerly sometimes a person).
c1300K. Alis. 3999 Antiochus saide..Thow hast denied thyself here. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 249 Þis was certified, & sikere on ilk side. It myght not be denied. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. xii. 81 (Camb. MS.) That may nat be denoyed, quod I. c1400Apol. Loll. 40 He liȝþ, þat..denaiþ þat, & affermiþ þe contrari. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 27 And woorthy they were, what man can it denay? [rime betray]. 1548Hall Chron. Introd. 2 b, Deniyng fiersly al the other new invencions alleged and proponed to his charge. c1600Shakes. Sonn. xlvi. 7 But the defendant doth that plea deny. 1749Fielding Tom Jones vi. xi, Jones could not deny the charge. 1846Trench Mirac. Introd. (1862) 71 Hume does not..absolutely deny the possibility of a miracle. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 207 You may have to deny your words.
fig.1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 63 The Duke was set at the very end crosse-legged like a Taylour, but his fierce aspect and bravery denied that title.
b. Const. with that and clause, or obj. and inf. (after Lat.); formerly also with simple inf. Formerly sometimes with negative or but in the clause.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3572 Men shuld not denye..Þat þe saules of þam þat er dede here Of payn may relesed be. c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. v. 49, I denye þat þilke þing be good þat anoyeþ hym þat haþ it. Ibid. iii. x. 88 It may nat ben denoyed þat þilke goode ne is. c1400Apol. Loll. 44, I denoy me not to have seid þis. 1436Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 180 The chefare..noman may denyene, Is not made in Braban. 1513More in Grafton Chron. II. 772 No man denieth..but that your grace..were most necessary about your children. 1542Udall tr. Erasm. Apophth. 157 b Denying the arte of geometrie..to bee to veraye litle use or purpose. 1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. ii. (1586) 49, I denie not but that there have bene amongst us..manie corrupt customes. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.) 218 Then is a picture not denaid, To be a muet Poesie. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia iv. 157 Taxing the poore king of treason, who denied to the death not to know of any such matter. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 310, I cannot deny but it [rice] is a solid grain. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest x, You can't deny that your father is cruel. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 414, I beg leave to deny this to be law. 1871Morley Voltaire 14 It is hard to deny that St. Bernard was a good man.
c. absol.
1382Wyclif Gen. xviii. 15 Sara denyede, seiynge, I lowȝ not. c1440Promp. Parv. 118 Denyyn or naytyn, nego, denego. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 5644 Ilk man for him self denyed. 15..? Dunbar Freiris of Berwik 383 Scho saw it wes no bute for to deny.
2. Logic. The opposite of affirm; to assert the contradictory of (a proposition).
c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. iii. 68 And [I] grantis, he sayd, þe antecedens; Bot I deny þe consequens. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. i. i. 84 Sp. Nay, that I can deny by a circumstance. Pro. It shall goe hard but ile proue it by another. 1596― 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 544, I deny your Maior. 1660Barrow Euclid ii. i. Schol., Let + A be to be multiplied into B—C; then because + A is not affirmed of all B, but only of a part of it, whereby it exceeds C, therefore AC must remain denied. 1725Watts Logic iii. ii. §2 If the middle term be denied of either part of the conclusion, it may shew that the terms of the conclusion disagree, but it can never shew that they agree. 1866T. Fowler Deduct. Logic (1869) 110 If we affirm the antecedent, we must affirm the consequent, or, if we deny the consequent, we must deny the antecedent; but, if we deny the antecedent or affirm the consequent, no conclusion can be drawn.
3. To refuse to admit the truth of (a doctrine or tenet); to reject as untrue or unfounded; the opposite of assert or maintain.
1630Prynne Anti-Armin. 137 This were to deny either the vniuersality or the equality of originall corruption. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §20 That doctrine of Epicurus, that denied the Providence of God, was no Atheism..Those that heretofore denied the Divinity of the Holy Ghost. 1681–6J. Scott Chr. Life (1747) III. 494 To deny the Resurrection of Christ. 1733Berkeley Th. Vision Vind. §6 They who deny the Freedom and Immortality of the soul in effect deny its being. 1838Sir W. Hamilton Logic xxvi. (1866) II. 58 Those who still denied the apparition of ghosts.
b. To refuse to admit the existence of; to reject as non-existent or unreal.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. §1. iii. (1676) 33/1 Many deny Witches at all, or [say] if there be any, they can do no harm. 1879Standard 29 Nov. 5/4 The Albanian League, so often denied, has again been proved to have a real existence.
II. To say ‘no’ to the claims of.
4. To refuse to recognize or acknowledge (a person or thing) as having a certain character or certain claims; to disown, disavow, repudiate, renounce.
c1340Cursor M. 20871 (Trin.) Denyinge he [Petur] fel wepynge he ros. 1382Wyclif Luke xii. 9 Forsoth he that schal denye me bifor men, schal be denyed bifore the aungelis of God. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xi. 45 Þare denyed Petre oure Lord. 1533Gau Richt Vay 16 Thay that denisz thair dettis and wil noth pay thair crediturs. 1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 46, I wyl not deny my Greecian ofspring. 1604Jas. I. Counterbl. (Arb.) 100 Why do we not denie God and adore the Deuill, as they doe? 1622Wither St. Peter's Day, For if thy great apostle said He would not thee denie, Whom he that very night denayd, On what shall we relie? 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 232 Some of his men..happening to be taken separately, he denied them, and suffered eight of them to be hanged as pyrates. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 176 He could not deny his own hand and seal. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. v. 289 Swegen, the godson of Cæsar, had denied his faith.
b. with complemental obj. or phrase. (Often blending with 1 b.)
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 119 Thou for whom Ioue would sweare..And denie himselfe for Ioue. 1595― John i. ii. 251 Hast thou denied thy selfe a Faulconbridge? 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 123 Letters of Credence signed by the King..who..denied them for true.
III. To say ‘no’ to a request or proposal, or to him who makes it; to refuse.
5. To refuse or withhold (anything asked for, claimed or desired); to refuse to give or grant.
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 1489 Deiphebus..Come hire to preye..To holde hym on þe morwe companye At dyner, which she wolde not denye. 1494Fabyan Chron. I. cc. (R.), He asked a great summe of money of Seynt Edmundes landes, whiche the rulers denayed. c1590Marlowe Faust. (Rtldg.) 98/1 Not to deny The just requests of those that wish him well. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. 268, I will denay No more obedience then by law I may. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 222 Trees their Forrest-fruit deny'd. 1725Pope Odyss. iii. 331 The royal dame his lawless suit deny'd. a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 161 Thou art very bold to take What we must still deny.
b. Const. (a) To deny a thing to a person, or (b) a person a thing. The latter connects this with sense 6; but the personal object was here originally dative, while there it appears to be accusative. In the passive either object may be made subject.
(a)1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xii. (1495) 196 Auctoryte of techynge and soueraynte is graunted to men and denyed to wymmen. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 3 To vs may no hauen in Englonde be denayd. 1509Fisher Fun. Serm. C'tess Richmond Wks. (1876) 297 Mete and drynke was denyed to none of them. 1610Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 537 Giue to dogges What thou denyest to men. 1712Steele Spect. No. 278 ⁋2 You will not deny your Advice to a distressed Damsel. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 73 Experience will not allow us to deny a place to art.
(b)c1340Cursor M. 1586 (Fairf.) He wende þat god of miȝt walde deny ham heyuen briȝt. 1576Gascoigne Philomene (Arb.) 95 To denay His own deare child and sonne in lawe The thing that both did pray. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, i. iii. 107 Then let him be denay'd the Regent-ship. 1649H. Lawrence Some Considerat. 36 No man that considers the premises will deny me this, That [etc.]. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 3 It is unjust to denie Merchants or Strangers the benefit of Port, Provisions, Commerce, and Navigation. 1814D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. (1867) 424 All the consolations of fame were denied him during his life. 1863H. Cox Instit. iii. vii. 701 Parliament was denied its proper control over an important branch of public expenditure.
c. fig. (predicated of things.)
1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 78 Finding no armour that..denied entrance to the fine edge of his damask blade. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 137 A steep wilderness, whose hairie sides..Access deni'd. 1736Butler Anal. i. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 66 The known course of human things..denies to virtue its full scope. 1874Green Short Hist. iii. §6. 146 Their [the Friars'] vow of poverty..would have denied them the possession of books.
6. To say ‘no’ to, to refuse (a person who makes a request or demand); † to reject (a candidate).
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1493 For þat durst I not do, lest I denayed were. Ibid. 1497 Ȝif any were so vilanous þat yow denaye wolde. c1400Destr. Troy 7097 He denyet hym anon with a nait wille. c1440Gesta Rom. lxxxv. 405 (Add. MS.), I may not denye you of that ye aske. 1591Greene Maiden's Dream, The poor were never at their need denaid. a1592H. Smith Serm. (1637) 508 A number that will denie a poore body of a pennie. 1676Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 338 Richard Healy..stood for Bachelor of Arts and was denied. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. v. 141 In his Beauty's Pride; When Youth and Love are hard to be deny'd. 1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. iii, This is but a shallow pretence to deny me. 1851Longfellow Gold. Leg., Village Church, Firmly to deny The tempter, though his power is strong. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. I. 256 Where everybody begs, everybody, as a general rule, must be denied.
7. to deny oneself: to withhold from oneself, or refrain from, the gratification of desire; to practise self-denial, self-renunciation, or self-abnegation.
1382Wyclif Matt. xvi. 24 Ȝif eny man wole cume after me, denye he hym self, and take his crosse, and sue me. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. xxxvii. 107 Sonne, þou maist not haue parfit liberte, but þou denye þiself utterly. 1827Keble Chr. Y., Morning xiv, Room to deny ourselves.
†8. To refuse to do (be, or suffer) anything. Obs.
(Formerly sometimes with negative clause, and elliptically with pronominal substitute (it, which, etc.) for inf.).
a1400Pistill of Susan 140 Ȝif þou þis neodes deny. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 80 Ne for us denyd noght for to rise. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 85 The king sent vnto her onis, tuyes, thries, and she denied not to come. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. I. 103/1 They flatlie denied to doo anie of those things. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. ii. i. 180 If she denie to wed. 1647May Hist. Parl. ii. iii. 34 The King denied to give any other Answer. 1725Butler Serm. vii. (1726) 125 He absolutely denyed to curse Israel. 1781Crabbe Poems, Library, Why then denies the studious man to share Man's common good.
absol.1805Scott Last Minstr. ii. xxix, And how she blushed, and how she sighed, And, half consenting, half denied, And said that she would die a maid.
†9. To refuse permission to, not to allow; to forbid (to do anything, the doing of it). Obs. or arch.
a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxxxiv. 264 [He] herde how Gerarde offred to goo..how he had denyed hym to go. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. iii. 174 One thing more, That woman⁓hood denies my tongue to tell. 1593― Rich. II, ii. iii. 129, I am denyde to sue my Liuerie here. 1614Raleigh Hist. World i. 176 This place denieth dispute. 1642Chas. I Answ. Declar. Both Houses 1 July 55 Inforced..to deny a good Law, for an ill Preamble. a1687Petty Pol. Arith. x. (1691) 116 The Laws denying Strangers to Purchase. 1715–20Pope Iliad xvi. 463 Patroclus shakes his lance, but fate denies. 1759Johnson Rasselas xiv, You may deny me to accompany you, but cannot hinder me from following.
†10. To refuse to take or accept. Obs.
1590Spenser F.Q. iii. vii. 57 What were those three, The which thy proffred curtesie denayd? 1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. i. 204 If you..denie his offer'd homage. 1691Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) III. 362 Dr. Beveridge did lately denie the bishoprick of Bath and Wells. 1725Pope Odyss. xvii. 78 Their false addresses gen'rous he deny'd.
11.
†a. To refuse admittance to (a visitor); to be ‘not at home’ to. (Akin to 6.) Obs.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 544 If you will deny the Sherife, so: if not, let him enter. 1709Steele Tatler No. 89 ⁋9 When he is too well to deny Company, and too ill to receive them. 1736Swift Proposal, etc. Wks. 1824 VII. 373 At doors where they expect to be denied.
b. To refuse access to (a person visited); to announce as ‘not at home’. (Akin to 5.)
1665Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 44, I was at Gasington to speake with Mrs. H...but she denied her selfe. 1689Ibid. III. 317, I inquir'd after him; he denied himself. 1711Steele Spect. No. 96 ⁋8 Denying my Lord to impertinent suitors and my Lady to unwelcome visitants. 1777Sheridan Sch. Scand. v. ii, He is now in the house, though the servants are ordered to deny him. 1869Trollope Phineas Finn (Tauchn. ed.) III. 76, I had told the servant to deny me. 1885Law Times Rep. LII. 614/2 When a debtor keeps house and denies himself to a creditor.
▪ II. † deˈny, n.1 Obs.
Also denay(e.
[a. F. déni, OF. desni; also denoi, desnoy: from stem of denier to deny, orig. denei-er, denoi-er.]
Act of denying.
1. Denial, contradiction of a statement; negation.
1535Joye Apol. Tindale (Arb.) 6 The Saduceis in denying the lyfe aftir this, denied by the same denye but only those two.
2. Refusal (of what is asked, offered, etc.).
1530Proper Dyaloge (1863) 6 Their chefe lordshippes & londes principall..Unto the clergye they gaue..Which to receiue without excepcion The courteous clergy made no denay. 1600Fairfax Tasso xvi. xxv. (R.), Of mild denaies, of tender scornes, of sweet Repulses. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. iv. 127 My loue can giue no place, bide no denay. 1611Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. Schisme (1641) 218/1 Yet use no Threats, nor give them flat Denies. 1622Rowlands Good Newes 35 The second widow gaue him the denie.
▪ III. † ˈdeny, denye, n.2 Obs. rare—1.
[a. OF. deiené, deené, dené, mod.F. doyenné, orig. OF. deienet:—L. decānāt-us.]
= deanery.
[1292Britton ii. xvii. §6 Sicum dené ou thresorie ou chaunterie.] 1340Ayenb. 42 Dyngnetes of holi cherche, ase byeþ bissopriches, abbayes, oþer denyes [F. deenez]. |