| 释义 |
stoic, n. and a.|ˈstəʊɪk|
Forms: 4 pl. stoycis, 6 stoyck, 6–7 -icke, -ik(e, -yk(e, -ique, 6–8 stoick, 7– stoic.
[ad. L. stōicus, a. Gr. στωϊκός, f. στοά ‘the Porch’ in which Zeno lectured: see stoa. Cf. F. stoïque, It. stoico.
Wyclif's stoycis is L. stoici with an Eng. plural ending.]
A. n.
1. (With capital initial.) One of a school of Greek philosophers (founded by Zeno, fl. c 300 b.c.), characterized by the austerity of its ethical doctrines for some of which the name has become proverbial (see 2).
1382Wyclif Acts xvii. 18 Forsothe summe Epicureis, and Stoycis [1388 Stoisens], and philosofris disputiden..with him. 1575Gascoigne Glasse Govt. Wks. 1910 II. 18 Aristo the Stoicke. 1589Nashe Anat. Absurd. C 1 b. It is an old Question,..whether it were better to haue moderate affections, or no affections? The Stoicks said none. 1625Bacon Ess., Anger (Arb.) 565 To seeke to extinguish Anger vtterly, is but a Brauery of the Stoickes. 1671Milton P.R. iv. 280 With those Sirnam'd Peripatetics, and the Sect Epicurean, and the Stoic severe. 1725Watts Logic (1822) 86 The Stoics..talk of fate, which is superior to the gods. 1837–9Hallam Hist. Lit. (1847) III. 11 Testi had taken..Horace for his model; and perhaps like him he wished to appear sometimes a stoic, sometimes an epicurean.
attrib.1725Young Love Fame i. 233 Fools grin on fools, and Stoic-like, support, Without one sigh, the pleasures of a court. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn lx, And, therefore, Stoic-fashion, men must accustom themselves to regard all calamities as matters of indifference.
2. One who practises repression of emotion, indifference to pleasure or pain, and patient endurance.
1579Gosson Sch. Abuse (Arb.) 45, I make iuste reckoning to bee helde for a Stoike, in dealing so hardely with these people. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. i. i. 31 Onely (good master) while we do admire This vertue, and this morall discipline, Let's be no Stoickes, nor no stockes I pray. 1599B. Jonson Ev. Man out of Hum. i. i, But Stoique; where (in the vast worlde) Doth that man breath, that can so much command His bloud and his affection? 1657Trapp Comm. Job i. 20 He stirreth not at the three first doleful tidings, but this fourth startleth him; for he was neither a Stoick, nor a stock. 1726Swift Stella's Birthday 50 That patience under tort'ring pain, Where stubborn stoicks wou'd complain. 1771Burke Let. Bp. Chester Corr. (1844) I. 278 In some few things, I fancy I am grown almost a stoic; but your lordship's unkindness has attacked me on a side on which I was absolutely unguarded, and I bear it like a girl. 1809Campbell Gertrude i. xxiii, A stoic of the woods—a man without a tear. 1812Scott in Sotheran's Catal. No. 12 (1899) 48, I am somewhat of a Stoic in family discipline, which was the old Scottish system. 1854J. S. C. Abbott Napoleon (1855) I. i. 23 Stoic as he was, his stoicism then forsook him, and he wept like a child. 1855Tennyson Maud i. iv. iv, I..smile a hard-set smile, like a stoic, or like A wiser epicurean, and let the world have its way.
3. Comb., as Stoic-Christian, Stoic-Epicurean, Stoic-Megaric adjs.
1933A. N. Whitehead Adventures of Ideas iii. 43 These doctrines have all weakened the Stoic-Christian ideal of democratic brotherhood. 1948L. Spitzer Linguistics & Lit Hist. 15 Pantagruélisme, the name given by Rabelais to his stoic-epicurean philosophy. 1966Philos. Rev. LXXV. 246 Rescher takes these..as evidence that Arabic logic was directly influenced by the Stoic-Megaric tradition.
B. adj.
1. Of or belonging to the school of the Stoics or to its system of philosophy.
1607T. Rogers 39 Art. i. (1625) 5 The Stoike Philosophers. 1634Milton Comus 707 O foolishnes of men! that lend their ears To those budge doctors of the Stoick Furr. 1712Addison Spect. No. 397 ⁋1 As the Stoick Philosophers discard all Passions in general, they will not allow [etc.]. 1817Scott Rob Roy xii, No Stoic philosopher, superior to his own passion and that of others, could have received an insult with a higher degree of scorn. 1848Lytton Harold x. ii, Harold's stern philosophy and stoic ethics were shaken to the dust.
2. = stoical a. 2.
1596Spenser F.Q. iv. Prol. iii, The which these Stoicke censours cannot well deny. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. iii. 433 Yet far was he from stoic pride removed; He felt humanely, and he warmly loved. 1813Byron Corsair iii. xxi, Full many a stoic eye and aspect stern Mask hearts where grief hath little left to learn. 1849M. Arnold To Gipsy Child 29 Is the calm thine of stoic souls, who weigh Life well, and find it wanting..? 1913F. H. Burnett T. Tembarom x, The same factor may..have aided him to preserve a certain stoic, outward composure.
Hence † ˈStoicly adv. (rare) = stoically.
1612W. Martyn Youth's Instruct. 69 In your pleasures, not to be wanton, nor Stoickly to passe by them. |