| 释义 |
‖ stoma|ˈstəʊmə|
Pl. stomata |ˈstɒmətə|.
[mod.L., a. Gr. στόµα mouth.]
1. Anat. and Zool. A small opening in an animal body; an aperture, orifice, pore (as of a lymphatic or other vessel, an air-tube, etc.).
1684Blancard's Phys. Dict., Stoma, the Mouth, as also the Mouths of any Vessels. 1875W. Turner Introd. Hum. Anat. i. 140 Scattered..over this surface are the minute orifices, or stomata, which open into lymphatic vessels. 1881Mivart Cat 217 The lymphatic vessels communicate with the peritoneal cavity by definite apertures called stomata. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 240 The complete mesentery..will be seen to have two perforations. One of these, the inner septal stoma..is found universally among Sea-Anemones... The other perforation or outer septal stoma occurs in very few instances.
2. Bot. One of the minute orifices in the epidermis of plants, especially of the leaves, occurring as a slit between two (or in some cases more) cells of special structure (guard-cells), and opening into intercellular spaces in the interior tissue so as to afford communication with the outer air; a breathing-pore. (Sometimes used for the whole structure, including the guard-cells.)
1837P. Keith Bot. Lex. 231 The leaves..inhale..gases through means of their stomata. 1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 55 The stomata are bounded by two or more cells, in such a manner that they can be opened or closed by changes in the form of these. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 34 The apparatus consisting of the pair of cells with the slit is called a pore or stoma. Ibid. 45 Stomata..are completely absent in roots.
3. Surg. A permanent opening made into a hollow organ; spec. one made from outside the body. Freq. attrib., as stoma patient, stoma therapy.
1937R. Schindler Gastroscopy xiv. 269 In cases of gastric resection the stoma of resection is generally easily seen if the 85° instrument is used. 1943H. L. Bockus Gastro-Enterol. I. xxxi. 633 The stoma which is too large allows food to enter the jejunum immediately after eating. 1952Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 25 Oct. 812/2 A special clinic devoted to intestinal stomas of all types has been established recently at the hospital. 1977Lancet 15 Oct. 806/1 How often in a lifetime does a patient with an ileostomy have to return to hospital or seek advice from the Ileostomy Association or a stoma therapist? 1978Jrnl. R. Soc. Med. LXXI. 519 All of these patients have become well rehabilitated, helped particularly by the excellent stoma-therapy services at these two hospitals. 1978K. P. Kretschmer Intestinal Stoma 115 A stoma patient is well advised when entering an unfamiliar locality to inform himself first of bathroom facilities. 1980Recent Adv. Surg. X. 281 Courses for the training of stomatherapists. 1981West Lancs. Evening Gaz. 14 Jan. 14 (Advt.), Victoria Hospital Gastro Enterology Services Unit Stoma Therapy Nursing Service..are looking for a person who has the ability to communicate and assess the patient's psychological and social needs.
Hence ˈstomal a.
1952W. M. Crapper in F. A. Jones Mod. Trends Gastro-Enterol. xviii. 464 A stomal ulcer may appear, as we have seen recently, where a woman aged 73 developed ulceration 9 months after gastro-jejunostomy for a duodenal ulcer. 1979J. P. Delaney et al. in Najarian & Delaney Gastrointestinal Surg. 191 The only way symptoms of stomal gastritis can be relieved is by diversion of the upper gastrointestinal juices away from the stomach. |