| 释义 |
dependency|dɪˈpɛndənsɪ|
Also 6–7 -encie; 6 -ancye, 7 -ancie, 7–9 -ancy.
[f. as prec.: see -ancy, -ency.]
1. The condition of being dependent; the relation of a thing to that by which it is conditioned; contingent logical or causal connexion; = prec. 2.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. (1632) 376 That dependencie and order, whereby the lower sustaining alwayes the more excellent [etc.]. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. v. i. 62 Such a dependancy of thing, on thing, As ere I heard in madnesse. 1647Sprigge Anglia Rediv. iv. vii. (1854) 286 All threaded upon one string of dependency. 1748Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 336 The Dependency of Evidences makes the resulting Probability weak. 1864Bowen Logic viii. 245 In this Unfigured Syllogism..the dependency of Extension and Intension does not subsist.
2. The relation of a thing (or person) to that by which it is supported; state of subjection or subordination; = prec. 3.
1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. x. (1611) 26 Hauing no such dependency upon any one. 1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. 251, I have no servile dependancy upon their conceptions. 1724Swift Drapier's Lett. Wks. 1755 V. ii. 64 Ready to shake off the dependency of Ireland upon the crown of England. 1848C. Brontë J. Eyre xiv. (1873) 133 That you care whether or not a dependent is comfortable in his dependency. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. x. 456 They found England in dependency upon a foreign power; they left it a free nation.
†3. Reliance; = prec. 5. Obs. rare.
a1600Hooker (J.), Their dependancies on him were drowned in this conceit. 1627–77Feltham Resolves i. lx. 98 As if God..would lead us to a dependency on Him.
4. Something dependent or subordinate; a subordinate part; an appurtenance.
a. gen.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xxi. (1632) 1004 Many dependancies of Story had their euents in the Acts of this man. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xii. §4 Modes I call such complex ideas, which..are considered as dependancies on, or affections of substances. 1741Warburton Div. Legat. II. 4 The Knowledge of human Nature and its Dependencies. 1852S. R. Maitland Ess. Various Subj. 155 A thorough sifting of this subject, and its dependencies.
†b. A body of dependants; a household establishment. Obs.
1615G. Sandys Trav. 61 This mans Serraglio..answerable to his small dependancie. 1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals ii. i. 112 The Dependencies and Relations of the Popes and Cardinals, do not suffer the poor Prelats to act according to the Dictates of Equity. 1701Swift Contests of Nobles & Com., Men, who have acquired large possessions, and consequently dependancies.
c. A dependent or subordinate place or territory; esp. a country or province subject to the control of another of which it does not form an integral part.
1684Scanderbeg Rediv. iii. 49 The Kingdom of Poland and great Dutchy of Lyffland, together with all their Dependencies. 1684–90T. Burnet Th. Earth (J.), This earth, and its dependencies. 1848Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 342 This is that Sheffield which now, with its dependencies, contains a hundred and twenty thousand souls. 1864R. A. Arnold Cotton Fam. 464 There is a wide difference between a dependency and a colony. The one is held in trust, the other in absolute fee-simple.
d. An appurtenance (to a dwelling-house, etc.).
1822W. Irving Braceb. Hall ii. 12 To visit the stables, dog-kennel and other dependencies.
†5. A quarrel ‘depending’ or awaiting settlement; = prec. 6 b. Obs.
a1625Fletcher Elder Bro. v. i, The masters of dependencies, That by compounding differences 'tween others, Supply their own necessities. 1632Massinger Maid of Hon. i. i, Your masters of dependencies to take up A drunken brawl.
†b. gen. An affair pending or awaiting settlement. Obs. rare.
1809W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. II. 279 In consequence of disagreeable commercial dependencies, which I did not succeed in liquidating.
▸ dependency culture n. chiefly Brit. Polit. a social or political environment characterized by dependency on the State (as through benefits or services) or other external support rather than individual enterprise.
1973H. J. Rubin & I. S. Rubin in Asian Surv. 13 270 To succeed in promoting self-help this institution must reduce the effects of the traditional Thai *dependency culture. 1990D. Kavanagh Thatcherism & Brit. Politics (1987) 295 Conservative spokesmen have said that people should reduce their expectations of what government can do and that economic improvements would depend largely on the action of people themselves. In a word, the dependency culture should be replaced by an enterprise one. 1998Housing Agenda Apr. 8/2 The Budget was billed..as ‘the most serious assault on the dependency culture since the second world war’. |