| 释义 |
deposition|diːpəʊˈzɪʃən, dɛp-|
Also 5 -ycion, 5–7 -icion, 6 -icyon.
[a. OF. deposition, also desp- (12th c. in Hatzf.), ad. L. dēpositiōn-em, n. of action from dēpōnĕre: see depose. Used as the noun of action from depone, depose, and deposit.]
I. The action of putting down or deposing.
1. The taking down of the body of Christ from the cross; a representation of this in art.[Cf. L. dēpōnere in Vulgate, Mk. xv. 46, Luke xxiii. 53.] 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 206 b, The maner of..his deposicyon or takynge downe from the crosse. 1848A. Jameson Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 217 In the Descent or Deposition from the cross, and in the Entombment, Mary Magdalene is generally conspicuous. 1859Jephson Brittany viii. 118 The figures..represent the Judgment of Pilate, the Bearing the Cross, the Deposition, the Entombment, the Resurrection.
†2. The action of laying down, laying aside, or putting away (e.g. a burden); usually fig. Obs.
1577Fulke Confut. Purg. 116 The day of Christian mens death is the deposition of paine. 1615Hieron Wks. I. 653 As it were, the quitting himselfe of a burthen, by the deposition whereof the soule is after a sort eased and lightened. 1616Chapman Hymne to Apollo 43 Why sit ye here..nor deposition make Of navall arms? 1748Hartley Observ. Man ii. iv. 402 The Soul is reduced to a state of Inactivity by the Deposition of the gross Body.
†3. Surg. ‘Old term for the depressing of the lens in the operation of couching’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). Obs.
4. The action of deposing or putting down from a position of dignity or authority; degradation, dethronement.
1399Rolls of Parlt. III. 452/1 If [they] evere be adheraunt to Richard that was Kyng and is deposed, in counsel, helpe, or comfort agayns that deposition. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 283 After the deposicion of kynge Hildericus. 1548Hall Chron. Introd. 8 To resigne..all the homages and fealties dewe to him as kyng..But er this deposicion was executed [etc.]. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 150 Henry the Fourth his unjust usurpation, and deposition of..Richard the Second. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 206 The word Deposition properly signifies a solemn depriving of a Man of his Clerical Orders by the way of a Sentence. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. xv. 287 Kings are said to find the step a short one from deposition to the scaffold.
5. The giving of testimony upon oath in a court of law, or the testimony so given; spec. a statement in answer to interrogatories, constituting evidence, taken down in writing to be read in court as a substitute for the production of the witness.
1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 334 Mychaell Tony..was, by deposycion of the aldermen, founde gylty in the sayde cryme of periury. 1562Act 5 Eliz. c. 9 §6 If any Person..commit..Perjury, by his..Deposition in any of the Courts. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. i. (1821) 24 As well by deposition of witnesses as by all other kinde of proofes. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 149 A witness is obliged to swear pro formâ, otherwise his Deposition is not valid without an Oath. 1848Wharton Law Lex. s.v., It is a..rule at common law, that when the witness himself may be produced, his deposition cannot be read, for it is not the best evidence. 1863H. Cox Instit. ii. x. 544 The statements of the witnesses are reduced to writing, and are then termed depositions.
b. transf. and fig. Testimony, statement (esp. of formal character).
c. Allegation (of something).
1587Golding De Mornay Pref. 9 Others whose depositions or rather oppositions against vs, I thinke men wil wonder at. 1648W. Mountague Devout Ess. ix. ii, The influence of Princes upon the disposition of their Courts, needs not the deposition of examples. 1699Bentley Phal. Pref. 13, I will give a clear and full Answer to every part of their Depositions. 1885J. Martineau Types Eth. Th. II. 9 The depositions of consciousness on this matter.
II. The action of depositing.
6. The action of depositing, laying down, or placing in a more or less permanent or final position; spec. interment [med.L. dēpositio in liturgical language], or placing of a saint's body or relics in a new resting-place.
1659Vulgar Err. Censured 78 True Christians..allow that which Christ hath redeemed a civill deposition, a decent Repose. Adam had a worthy Sepulchre. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §167 After being wrought, to be returned to its place of deposition. 1833Whewell Astron. i. 27 The ripening of the seed, its proper deposition in order for the reproduction of a new plant. 1875W. Houghton Sk. Brit. Insects 130 The deposition of the eggs by these insect cuckoos. [1894J. T. Fowler Adamnan Intr. xlv, The depositio or burial being in these cases commemorated rather than the natalis or birthday to the future life.]
7. The placing of something in a repository, or in charge of a person, for safe keeping; concr. a deposit.
1592West 1st Pt. Symbol., §16 A, Deposition is a Contract reall in which a thing moueable is freelie giuen to be kept, that the selfe same thing be restored whensoeuer it shall please him that so leaueth it. 1651C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. i. 140 The depositions committed to the Churches trust. 1798Malthus Popul. (1817) III. 279 Every fresh deposition [in a savings bank].
8. The process of depositing or fact of being deposited by natural agency; precipitation.
1799Kirwan Geol. Ess. 11 The crystallization, precipitation, and deposition of these solids. 1830Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. ii. vi. (1851) 162 A deposition of dew presently begins. 1880A. R. Wallace Isl. Life 214 The average rate of Deposition of the Sedimentary Rocks.
b. The result of this process; a deposit, precipitate, sediment.
1797M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 450, I have found [the pineal] gland without any deposition of earthy matter. 1831Brewster Optics xiii. 111 A common pane of crown glass..that has on its surface a fine deposition of moisture. 1867J. Hogg Microsc. i. ii. 133 The symmetrical and figurate depositions of siliceous crystals. |