| 释义 |
▪ I. stony, a.|ˈstəʊnɪ|
Forms: 1 stániᵹ, 3 stoni, 3–4 stani, 4–5 stany, 5–6 stonye, 6 stoany, Sc. staany, 6–7 stonie, 7 Sc. stanie, 7– stoney, 4– stony.
[OE. stániᵹ = OHG. steinag, Goth. stainah-s:—OTeut. *stainaᵹo-, -aχo-, f. *staino- stone n.: see -y. (OE. had also stǽniᵹ:—OTeut. type *stainīᵹo-.)]
1. a. Abounding in, or having the character of, stone or rock; full of rocks; rocky. Now rare or Obs.
† Stony sea: the Adriatic.
c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 5 Þæt oþere þonne ᵹefeollon on staniᵹ lond. c1325Metr. Hom. 52 That gat that ledes Til hel..es stany and thornye Wit couaitys, and glotounye, [etc.]. c1382Wyclif Acts xxvii. 27 In the stoony see [Vulg. in Adria]. c1440Gesta Rom. viii. 19 (Harl. MS.) The wey toward the cite was stony, þorny, and scroggy. a1500Medulla Gram., Adriaticus, stonye. 1526Tindale Mark iv. 5 Some [seed] fell on a stony [1611 on stony; R.V. 1881 on the rocky] grounde, where it had not moche erth. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 92 Hee betooke himselfe to a stony place of a reasonable height. 1709T. Robinson Nat. Hist. Westmld. & Cumbld. xv. 87 Those high, steep, and stony Mountains, which are called the Skrees. 1832Tennyson Mariana in South iv, Day increased from heat to heat, On stony drought and steaming salt.
b. Full of or abounding in stones; containing many stones.
c1400Promp. Parv. 477/1 Stony, or full of stonys, lapidosus, petrosus. c1440Pallad. on Husb. xiii. 38 In stony grounde ek loueth he to stonde. 1538Elyot Dict., Calculosus locus, a stonye place. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 260 Eels commonly abscond themselves under stones in stony Waters. 1765Museum Rust. IV. 219 He excludes both stoney and clayey soils from the use of his plough. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 587 A gravelly soil consists chiefly of small stones from the size of a pea to that of a walnut, but when a large proportion of the stones are of the latter size or larger, the land is said to be stony. 1855Tennyson Brook 39, I chatter over stony ways.
†c. Of fruits: Having a stone; also, abounding in stone-like seeds. Obs.
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 97/1 Pomum calculosum, lapidosum,..stonie fruite, or such fruit as hath a grauellie core. 1681Langford Plain Instr. Fruit-trees 135 The English [Quince] is the most stony. 1683Poyntz Pres. Prosp. Tobago 8 Guavers are a Fruit that's very stony. 1784Cowper Task i. 120, I fed on scarlet hips and stony haws.
2.
†a. Made of stone. Obs.
1382Wyclif 2 Cor. iii. 3 Writun..not in stoony [1388 stony, stonen] tablis but in fleischly tablis of herte. c1447–8Shillingford Lett. (Camden) 85 Wher was never no stale but a stony walle. 1551T. Wilson Logic E iij, Euen as Moses receyued the same [law] of God in stony tables. 1611Coryat Crudities 58 A faire stonie Bridge. 1612Two Noble K. v. i. 62 The stony girthes of Citties. 1776Goldsm. Nat. Hist. I. 382 Another noise..like the rattling of a great cart, upon a stony pavement.
b. Of the nature of stone.
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth ii. (1723) 78 The Stoney Matter of the Strata. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. xiii. (1842) 302 Ordinary earthy or stony matter. 1871G. Macdonald Sonn. conc. Jesus xiv, When the soaring skylark sings How shall the stony statue strain to hear?
c. Consisting of stones; occas. inflicted by stones. Chiefly poet. ? Obs.
c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxix. i, Jerusalem..hath suffred..utter wrack, To stony heapes her buildings turned. 1611Coryat Crudities 103 A certaine stony circle that appeareth a little aboue the ground. 1657N. Billingsley Brachy-Martyrol. iv. 19 Holy Steven Did through a Stony-volley go to heaven. 1697Dryden æneid ix. 1092 His golden helm gives way with stony blows Battered. 1736Gray Statius i. 18 Batter Cadmus walls with stony showers.
d. Of a meteorite or meteoritic material consisting mostly of silicates and other non-metals.
1802Phil. Mag. XIII. 23 (heading) Experiments and observations on certain stony and metalline substances which at different times are said to have fallen upon the earth. 1866Catal. of Meteorites (Geol. Survey of India) 8 Two classes of meteorites or solid bodies which have been known to fall to the earth's surface, namely, 1st, stony masses, or aërolites, (often with particles of iron)—and 2nd, masses chiefly iron, or aërosiderites. 1898Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CLV. 63 It seems probable that certain of the stony meteorites that have been found are really the matrices in which some of the iron nodules, formed perhaps many miles distant, were embedded at the moment they entered our atmosphere. 1926E. A. Fath Elem. Astron. xiv. 196 The three classes have the following general composition:..Iron Meteorites... Stony-iron Meteorites... Stony Meteorites.—These consist essentially of silicate minerals with minor amounts of metallic alloys and sulphides. 1981Times 23 Jan. 14/5 The fossil falls into the class known as ‘H-chondrite’, stony meteorites containing a large amount of iron.
3. Pertaining or relating to stone or stones. rare.
1847Tennyson Princess iii. 343 Chattering stony names Of shale and hornblende, rag and trap and tuff, Amygdaloid and trachyte. 1849H. Miller Footpr. Creator xv. (1874) 290 The stony science. 1864Ruskin in Reader IV. 678/1, I..have been at stony work ever since, as I could find time.
4. a. Resembling stone in consistence; hard like stone; very hard.
1523–34Fitzherb. Husb. §137 A peare or a warden wolde be graffed in a pyrre-stocke,..and some men graffe theym in a whyte-thorne, and than it wyll be the more harder and stonye. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. cv. ix, Noe rayny cloude but breakes in stony haile. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort., Feb. (1679) 10 Set all sorts of Kernels and stony-Seeds. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 470 A layer of stony granules, which form an extremely indurated crust. 1857Dickens Dorrit ii. i, The thin, hard, stony wine. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 884 Formation of a stony concretion..in the nose..a rhinolith.
b. Of a quality (as hardness, colour): Like that of stone.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Lapidea duritia, a stonie hardenesse. 1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 64 Root single, central, of a stony consistence. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 747 There is very marked induration..often stony hardness. 1910W. Parker in Encycl. Brit. XI. 352/2 In colour they range from a pale stony or yellowish shade to a rich dark brown.
5. fig.
a. ‘Hard’, insensible, or unfeeling, as if consisting of stone; hardened, obdurate.
c1230Hali Meid. 22 Stani were his heorte ȝef ha ne mealt i teares. a1250Prov. ælfred B. 694 He hauit stoni herte, no-þing him ne smerteþ. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 288 b, The herte begynneth to..melte..whiche before was all harde and stony as a flynte. 1595Markham Sir R. Grinuile To Earl Sussex 4 Sauing the Muse by stonie times vndoone. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 4 A stonie adversary, an inhumane wretch, Vncapable of pitty. a1640J. Ball Treat. Covt. Grace (1645) 340 A fleshie heart cannot be received by a stony, but the stony is removed by the fleshie. 1648J. Beaumont Psyche xiv. cxlii, From the staring People's stony eye He of compassion not one drop had wrung. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre iv, She introduced me to the stony stranger. a1854H. Reed Lect. Eng. Hist. x. (1856) 187 The tyrant's indurated and stony conscience.
absol.1667Milton P.L. xi. 4 Prevenient Grace descending had remov'd The stonie from thir hearts.
b. Rigid, fixed, motionless; destitute of movement or expression: esp. of the eyes or look.
1642H. More Song of Soul iii. iii. 44 Some Giant..With stony staring eyes. 1813Scott Trierm. ii. xxvi, Long shall close in stony sleep Eyes for ruth that would not weep. 1855Tennyson Maud i. xiii. 22 He..Gorgonised me from head to foot With a stony British stare.
c. Of fear, grief, silence, etc.: ‘Petrifying’, stupefying: having no relief.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. vi. 37 Suddein cold did ronne through every vaine, And stony horrour all her scences fild. Ibid. ii. viii. 46 The stony feare Ran to his hart. 1794W. Blake Songs Exper., Earth's Answ. 4 Stony dread! 1882‘Edna Lyall’ Donovan iv, A stony speechless sorrow. 1911Beerbohm Zuleika Dobson vii. 90 The Duke did not try to break the stony silence in which Zuleika walked. 1979A. Brink Dry White Season iv. iv. 301 They were still staring at me in stony silence, their young dark faces expressionless.
d. slang. Short for stony-broke (see 6).
1886[see broke ppl. a. 3]. 1890[R. C. Lehmann] Harry Fludyer 122 Pat said he was stoney or broke or something but he gave me a sov. 1894W. H. Wilkins & H. Vivian Green Bay Tree I. 25, I shall be quite stony if this goes on. 1905H. A. Vachell Hill ix. 193 You'll have to wait till I have the money. I'm stoney now.
6. Combinations, etc.
a. In advb. comb. with adjs., as † stony-blind (= stone-blind), stony-pitiless.
b. Parasynthetic formations, as stony-eyed, stony-faced, stony-jointed, stony-toed, stony-winged adjs.c. Special comb. and collocations: † stony bone (tr. med.L. os petrosum: see petrosal; cf. rocky a.1 3 a), the petrous portion of the temporal bone, containing the internal ear; stony-broke a. (slang) = stone-broke (stone n. 20 a); † stony coal = stone-coal; stony cobbler (see quot.); stony colic, colic due to an intestinal concretion (cf. stone-colic, stone n. 20 a); stony coral = stone-coral (stone n. 20 b); stony-iron n. and a., used to designate meteorites which contain appreciable quantities of both stony material and iron; † Stony Mountains, the Rocky Mountains (see rocky a.1 1 b); † stony sage (see quot.).
1587W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 39/73 The man is *stony blinde that can not see the Sun.
1615Crooke Body of Man 487 The *stony-bone. 1677tr. Groeneveldt's Treat. Stone 9 The Os petrosum, or Stony-bone in the Organ of our Hearing.
1890*Stony-broke [see pebble-beached adj. s.v. pebble n. 5 b]. 1894Sir J. D. Astley 50 Yrs My Life II. 84 Though stony broke, it still reposes on my sideboard. 1895M. Corelli Sorrows of Satan x, I'm cleaned out—‘stony⁓broke’, as the slang goes.
1617Moryson Itin. iii. 93 The County of Namures..hath Mines of Iron and plenty of *stony Coale.
1880Day Fishes Gt. Brit. I. 82 Little- or lesser-weever:..*Stony-cobbler.
1822–9Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) I. 252 Enterolithica. *Stony colic. From bezoards and other intestinal concretions.
1882Cassell's Nat. Hist. VI. 277 The *Stony Corals are well-known forms of animal life.
1859‘O. Meredith’ Wanderer (ed. 2) 177 Each *stony-eyed corpse there.
1933M. Arlen Man's Mortality xv. 315 Manteuffel, staring *stony-faced towards the darkness..appeared not to have heard his question. 1975F. Bresler You & Law 81 Even in this stony-faced sector of the law, fairness prevails.
1918,1962*Stony-iron [see mesosiderite]. 1969Times 9 Apr. 7/3 Stony-iron meteorites have been found in several Hopewell burial mounds. 1978D. W. Sears Nature & Origin of Meteorites iii. 73 Stony-iron meteorites are traditionally defined as having approximately equal proportions of stony material and iron. At various times, four groups of stony-iron meteorites have been defined, but since two of these contain only one meteorite each we need here consider only two in any detail: the pallasites and the mesosiderites.
1767Ellis Corallines in Phil. Trans. LVII. 408 The *stony-jointed Corallines.
1811Pinkerton Mod. Geog. 542 The ridge called the *Stoney Mountains. 1818–22Encycl. Metrop. XIV. 305/2.
1604Meeting of Gallants at Ordinary (Percy Soc.) 7 Are not my Acts More *stony-pittilesse?
1548Turner Names Herbes 73 Sideritis prima..may be called in englishe walsage or *stonisage.
1845Dickens Chimes i. 6 A breezy,..blue-nosed, red-eyed, *stony-toed, tooth-chattering place it was, to wait in, in the winter-time.
1855Bailey Mystic 45 Dragon *stony-winged.
▪ II. † ˈstony, v. Obs.
Forms: 4–5 stoney, stonay, stunay, 4 stonye, (stoneȝe), 5 stuny, stonyyn (Promp. Parv.), 7 stunny, 4–7 stony. pa. tense 4 stoneyd, stoneȝed, Sc. stonait, -ayit, 5 stonayd(e, stonaid, 4–7 stonyed. pa. pple. 4 stoneyd, -eyed, Sc. stonayit, 4–5 stonayd, 5 -ayde, -ayed, Sc. stonayt, 5–6 stonyed, (6 stonied), 7 stunnied. See also stoyne v.
[Aphetic f. astony v. (Prob. sometimes confused with stun v.)]
1. trans. To stupefy with noise or with a shock to the mind or feelings, benumb the faculties of (a person); to confound, amaze. Also pass.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 16629 Cadwaladres, when he þys herde,..Stoneyed he was a wel god þrowe. a1340Hampole Psalter, Prayer Habakkuk 510 In furore obstupefacies gentes..in breth þou sall stunay genge. c1340― Pr. Treat. 43 Þise wordes when I here thaym or redis þam stonyes me and makis me gretly ferd. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 299 Thair wes nane auentur that mocht Stunay hys hart. 1399Langl. Rich. Redeles ii. 125 Þus ȝe derid hem vnduly.., And stonyed hem with stormes þat stynted neuere. c1450in Aungier Syon (1840) 354 Yf the hyghe mas be bygon they schalle synge Ab inimicis..withe oute the chirche, for stonyeng of the preste at auter. 1470–85Malory Arthur iii. vii. 107 Syr gauayne was so stonyed of the deth of this fair lady that he wiste not what he dyd. 1596Spenser F.Q. v. xi. 30 Then gan she cry much louder then afore,..And Belge selfe was therewith stonied sore. 1612Dekker Lond. Tri. C 4 b, Envy... Come You clouen-footed-brood of Barathrum Stop, stony her, fright her with your shreekes. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. v. 52 So loud and vehement a noise, as stony'd those that were by. 1688S. Johnson Purgatory Prob'd Pref. 1 This Miracle stunnied the Dominicans for some time.
2. To amaze or stupefy with a blow, stun.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 12377 Arthur was stoneyd, stakered, & stynt, But ȝut fel he nought for þat dynt [of the giant]. 1370Lay-Folks Mass-Bk., App. iv. 354 Lord greue ȝe not for þat dunt He stoneyed me and made me stunt Stille out of my steuene. c1400Sege Jerusalem (E.E.T.S.) 50 Þe worst wrecche in þe wone; may on walle lygge, Strike doun with a ston; & stuny many knyȝtes. c1450Merlin xvi. 265 But he was stonyed of the stroke that he myght not stonde on his feet. 1470–85Malory Arthur i. xvi. 58 He..smote hym on hyhe vpon the helme a grete stroke and stonyed hym sore. 1642R. Carpenter Experience ii. vii. 163 [They] cut off their fingers, when many of them were alive, and onely stunnied. 1645Featly Dippers Dipt (1646) 2 margin, The venturous Scotchman was so stunnied with this blow that he gave in.
3. To induce insensibility or loss of function in (a body or limb); to benumb, deaden.
1382Wyclif Gen. xxxii. 32 Therthurȝ that he towchide the synwe of his hipe, and it was stoneyd [Vulg. obstupuerit, 1388 dried]. 1398Trevisa Barth De P.R. xvii. cxii. (Tollem. MS.), Oyle may be so colde, þat he schall stony þe membre þat is bawmid þerwith. c1403Lydg. Temple of Glas 683 Bicause he seith, þat stoneiþ al my bloode, I am so symple & she is so goode. c1530Judic. Urines iii. ii. 48 Yf that parte of the hede be agreued & stuffed or stonyed, through euyll humours and fumosites. 1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. ix. 335 The things that kill or stony them [i.e. worms] are all bitter, sharp, inciding, astringent things.
4. intr. To be stupefied with wonder or with fear.
1382Wyclif Isa. xiii. 8 Eche to his neȝhebore shall stoneȝe [1388 schal wondre. Vulg. stupebit]. Ibid. xix. 16 In that dai Egipt shal be as wymmen, and thei shul stoneȝen and dreden. 1436Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 200 By lande and see so welle he hym acquite, To speke of hym I stony in my witte. c1440York Myst. xxx. 223 Loo! he stonyes for vs, he stares where he standis.
5. To break, crush.
c1440Promp. Parv. 476/2 Stonyyn, or brese werkys, briso.
Hence † ˈstonying vbl. n. Obs.
c1315Shoreham Poems i. 954 Þer-fore þy schryfte, man, schel be Wyþ-oute stoneynge. 1382Wyclif Jer. xix. 8 And Y shal sette this cite in to stoneyng [1388 wondring. Vulg. in stuporem]. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. ix. (1495) N vj b, Anetum sodde wyth oyle releasyth shrynkynge & stonyenge of synewes [L. rigorem nervorum]. c1430Life of St. Kath. (Gibbs MS.) 76 Whiche hath turned us alle in suche stonyynge and merueylyng. c1530Judic. Urines ii. xii. 40 b, Litargia the lytargye is a stonyng of the brayne, wt forgetfulnes. Ibid. 42 [This] sheweth brestyng bresyng or stonyng of sum veyne in y⊇ body. 1665–6Phil. Trans. I. 223 The other [person struck by thunder or lightning]..besides a present stonying or numness, had no other hurt. |