| 释义 |
▪ I. stound, n.1|staʊnd, stuːnd|
Forms: 1–3 stund, 3 stunde, 3–5 stonde, 4–6 stond, (4 stunt, 4–5 stont), 3–6 stounde (4 stounte), 4–6 stownd(e, (5 stowndde, stouunde, stowunde), 4– stound; 6 stowne, 8–9 Sc. stoun.
[Com. Teut. (wanting in Gothic): OE. stund fem. = OFris. stunde, OS. stunda (Du. stond), OHG. stunta space of time (MHG., mod.G. stunde hour), ON. stund (Sw., Da. stund):—OTeut. *stundō.]
1. A time, while; a short time, moment. Obs. exc. dial.
a1000Andreas 1210 Nis seo stund latu þæt þe wælreowe witum belecgað. a1225Ancr. R. 190 A sicnesse of ane stunde. a1275Prov. ælfred 312 So his mani wimman..Scene under scete, and þoh hie is scondes ful in an stondes wile. a1300Cursor M. 24496 Quen i him had in armes fald,..þan bigan mi gle to gru,..And neud me mi stondes [Gött. stundis]. a1300Fragm. Pop. Sci. (Wright) 13 That is evene above thin heved, aboute the nones stounde. 14..Erthe upon Erthe 34/75 God lytyd in erth, blyssed be that stounde! c1440Alphabet of Tales 412 Evur he contynewid in syngyng, prayers-saying, and wurshippyng our Lady vnto þe stounde of dead. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Sept. 56 Hobbin, ah hobbin, I curse the stounde, That euer I cast to haue lorne this grounde. 1602Davison Rhapsody (1611) 39 Wo worth the stund wherein I tooke delight To frame the shifting of my nimble feete. 1603B. Jonson Entert. Althrope 2 Now they Print it on the Ground With their feete in figures round, Markes that will be euer found, To remember this glad stound. 1616R. C. Times' Whistle, etc. (1871) 129 Soe death is heer and yonder in one stound. 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 25 Scrimply there pass't a stound o' time. 1838Holloway Prov. Dict., Stound, a short period of time.
b. As advb. accus.
a1000Boeth. Metr. xxv. 68 Ðæt is wyrse ᵹet, þæt he winnan nyle Wið ðæm anwalde æniᵹe stunde. a1123O.E. Chron. an. 1106, On þære forman længten wucan..ætywyde an unᵹewunelic steorra, & lange stunde þæræfter wæs ælce æfen ᵹesewen. c1200Ormin 6576 Þatt sume off ure little flocc..Hemm wendenn oþerr stund fra Crist. c1200Moral Ode 149 (Trin. Coll. MS.) Hadde he fonded sume stunde he wolde seggen oðer. c1205Lay. 3117, & þus ane stonde [c 1275 stunde] hit stod æ ðon ilka. a1300X Commandm. 22 in E.E.P. (1862) 16 Alas wrecchis whi do we so hit mai noȝt hold vre lif a stunde. a1300Cursor M. 14557 In ephraim dueld he a stunde And þeþen-ward son can he funde. 13..Bonaventura's Medit. 878 Fro wepyng she ne myȝt stynte no stounde. a1340Hampole Psalter li. 5 Þof he lat þe lif a stunt in welth. c1400Assump. Virg. 727 (Add. MS.) And euer þei cryede many a stounde, ‘Alas’! [etc.]. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7012 Þidir he went, and bade a stont. 1519W. Horman Vulg. 56 He was so abasshed, that he was almoste mad, and stoode styffe a stownde. 1557Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 257 Elde..Will turne eche blysse into a blast, Which lasteth but a stounde. 1567Turberv. Epit. etc. 91 Vlysses wiues renowne Unsitting is for hir whose loue endureth but a stowne. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. 609 So that this vapour, never resting stound, Stands never still, but makes his motion round. 1594R. C[arew] Godfrey of Bulloigne (1881) 85 Like him that lookes ech stond with bared necke, When cruell axe shall his liues warrant checke. 1600Fairfax Tasso xix. xxviii, His legges could beare him but a little stound. 1895E. Angl. Gloss. s.v., He stayed a long stound.
†c. In advb. phrases with preps., e.g. for, in, on a (little) stound, in many stounds, in that stound. by stounds: at intervals, from time to time, by turns. umbe stound: see umstound. Obs.
c1205Lay. 8815 Hærde bi-ðrungen i wel feole stunden. a1225Ancr. R. 310 A mon þet hefde al þene world awold, & hefde, uor his cweadschipe, uorloren al on one stunde. a1225Juliana 7 Ant efter lutle stounde wið ute long steuene. a1250Prov. ælfred 395 Ac al he schal for-leten on a litel stunde. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1567 Bot ȝet þe styffest to start bi stoundez he made. c1350St. Christina 179 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 95 He was so stonayd in þat stunt He strake him self fast in þe frunt. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. met. vi. (1886) 111 The moyste thinges stryuynge with the drye thinges yeuen place by stowndes. a1400Pistill of Susan 167 Alle hire seruauns þei shont And stelen a-wey in a stont. 1513Douglas æneis ii. x. 80, I within ane litle stound, The clud of dirknes from thi sicht sall cleir. a1529Skelton P. Sparowe 34 Within that stounde,..in a sounde I fell downe to the grounde. 1575Gammer Gurton Prol. 7 He quyetly perswaded with her in that stound Dame Chat, her deare gossyp, this needle had found. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. vi. 364 Abiding, for a stown, Pale, cold, and sense less, in a deadly swown.
†d. often-stounds, oft-stounds: often. [Cf. often-sithes, -whiles, oftentimes.] that stounds [? advb. genitive]: at that moment. Obs.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3083 Ȝyf þou delyte þe oftyn stoundes, yn horsys, haukys, or yn houndes. a1400Octouian 893 Men blamede the bochere oft stoundys For hys sone. a1400King & Hermit 56 He blew thrys, vncoupuld hundes; They reysed þe dere vp þat stondes.
†e. ? An hour. Obs.
c1325Lai le Freine 207 To-day, right in the morning, Sone after the first stounde, A litel maiden-childe ich founde.
† f. The time for doing something; one's ‘hour’ or opportunity. Obs.
a1225Leg. Kath. 1263 Nu is ower stunde! 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10873 In þe kinges chaumbre..was A clerc ifounde..He made him as bi wit, so þat it was ifounde, Þat it was bi speke to sle þe king, wan he sei stounde. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 11332 Al þe nobleye couthe y nought telle, Ne y naue no stounde þer-on to dwelle.
2.
†a. Contextually: A hard time, a time of trial or pain. Obs.
a1000Riddles (Tupper) xciii. 19 No ic þa stunde bemearn ne for wunde weop. c1250Owl & Night. 706 Þe Nihtegale..hedde onswere god ifunde Among alle hire harde stunde. c1300Cursor M. 17152, I..sufferd her þis herd stondes, and ded on þis rode tre. c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 238 Alas! the harde stounde. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. viii. 25 Such percing griefe her stubborne hart did wound, That she could not endure that doleful stound.
b. Hence, a sharp pain, a pang; a fierce attack, a shock. Chiefly north. Also (Sc.), a thrill (of delight).
c1300Cursor M. 24541 In sterin stanging was i stadd, Sa war mi stundes store. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1540 Þe stronge strok of þe stonde strayned his ioyntes. 1375Barbour Bruce iii. 140 He rouschit doun off blud all rede, As he that stound feld off dede. c1400Rom. Rose 4472 What avayleth hir good wille, Whan she ne may staunche my stounde ille? 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 98 Than straik at me with mony ane stound. c1550Rolland Crt. Venus i. 641 As he that said, to his hart straik ane stound. 1567Gude & Godlie Ball. 99 Lyke deidly dartis thow geuis stang & stound. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. May 257 Iesus..keepe your corpse from the carefull stounds, That in my carrion carcas abounds. 1596― F.Q. vi. vi. 5 Their wounds..had festred privily; And ranckling inward with unruly stounds, The inner parts now gan to putrify. 1659H. More Immort. Soul iii. xiv. 477 The stounds and agonies of Death. 1788Burns To the Weavers gin ye go 16 But every shot and every knock, My heart it gae a stoun. 1789― Blue⁓eyed Lassie 11 And aye the stound, the deadly wound, Cam frae her een sae bonnie blue. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Stound, the sensation or first impression of sudden pain, arising from a knock or blow. 1827J. Wilson Noctes Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 355 My heart has gien a sudden-stoun o' uncommunicable delicht. 1834Pringle Afr. Sk. 17 Oft as he feels gaunt hunger's stound. 1878Sir T. Martin tr. Heine 18 Then I felt a stound through all my frame.
c. Roar, violent noise.
1627Drayton Nymphidia liv, By the Thunders dreadfull stound. 1658Burton Comment. Itin. Antoninus 150 After this storm and stound..it flourished again. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. v. iv, One can fancy with what dolorous stound the noon-tide cannon..went off there.
†3. Station, position. Obs.
1557N. Grimalde in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 104 What power haue you so great..To pluck, to draw, to rauish hartes, and stirre out of ther stownd? 1566Drant Horace, Sat. ii. iii. F viij, Stande still in stounde, kepe whishte (I say) whilste I doe proue you mad. 1567― Ep. xvi. To Quintius E vij, Well might thou saye that freshe Tarent were brought into this stounde. Ibid. F j, He hath forsoke of manlines the stounde [L. locum virtutis deseruit]. 1570Levins Manip. 220/40 A stound, statio, terminus. 15..Pater Sapientiæ lxxx. in Ashm. (1652) 204 For when the Larke ys weary above in hys stound, Anon he falleth right downe to the ground.
†4. Used for: stadium. Obs. rare—1.[Perh. some error: cf. G. stunde (hour) as an itinerary measure.] 1656W. Dugard tr. Comenius' Gate Lat. Unl. §524. 155 A hundred twenty-five Geometrical paces, make a stound or furlong.
▪ II. stound, n.2 Now dial.|staʊnd, stuːnd|
Also 8 stownd.
[App. f. stound v.2; but perh. a use of stound n.1 2 b, modified by association with the vb.]
A state of stupefaction or amazement.
1567Golding Ovid's Met. xiii. (1593) 298 [He] raised soberly his eye-lids from the ground (On which he had a little while them pitched in a stound). 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. vi. 12 Lightly he started up out of that stound. 1610Fletcher Faithf. Sheph. ii. ii. (1634) D 1, Whilst the sound Breakes against heaven, and drives into a stound The amazed Shepherd. 1667Pepys Diary 3 Apr., This put us all into a stound. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 120 We having warily held, the stirr'd body not to be at rest, or in a stound or pause at all, but alwayes to be either stirring or bearing. 1677Gilpin Dæmonol. (1867) 440 Though at first some good men were overawed to..recant,..yet..after the stound and dazzle of the temptation was over, they recoiled so resolutely upon them, that [etc.]. 1714Gay Sheph. Week. Prol. 23 Thus we stood as in a stound. 1767Mickle Concub. ii. Introd., In musefull Stownd Syr Martyn rews His Youthhedes thoughtlesse Stage. 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 194 Flew frae ae pillar to the tither, Syn in a stound did drap. 1859Miss Mulock Life for Life II. 184, I laugh now..to recollect what a stound it gave us both, this utterly improbable..tale.
▪ III. † stound, n.3 dial. Obs.
[Unexplained var. of stand n.2]
(See quots.)
1674Ray N.C. Words 46 A Stound q. Stand; a wooden Vessel to put small Beer in. [So in many later Glossaries.] 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Stound, a Vessel of Earth or Wood that stands on end. 1721Mortimer Husb. II. 332 If the quantity of your choicest Cyder be too great for your Bottles, you may..make use of..Stounds of Flanders Earth.
▪ IV. stound, v.1
Also 3 stunde.
[f. stound n.1]
†1. [stound n.1 1.] intr. To remain, stay. Obs.
Cf. obs. dial. ‘Stound, to stop, stand still, esp. in order to listen’ (Suffolk and Essex): see Eng. Dial. Dict.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1987 Ðor was in helle a sundri stede, wor ðe seli folc reste dede; ðor he stunden til helpe cam. Ibid. 3211 Ðor he stunden for to sen quilc pharaon wið hem sal ben. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 10902 When Arthur felde þat he was wounded, Noþyng he ne stinte ne stounded. 14..Sir Beues (S.) 1283 On knee he him set, he nolde stound, And ȝaue vp his deth with his hold.
2. [stound n.1 2 b.]
†a. trans. To affect with a ‘stound’ or pang; to cause great pain to. Obs.
b. intr. To be acutely painful; to smart, throb. Only Sc. and north.
c1500Kennedy Passion of Christ 450 Thai hurt his [back] and all his body þai fret, Saris his senonis and stoundis all his wanis. Ibid. 552 On him to luk þair stomok sair it stoundis. 1513Douglas æneis x. x. 135 So tyll hys hart stoundis the prik of deith. a1585Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 741 His wounds ȝit, quhilk stounds ȝit, He gat them than throw thee. 1678J. Brown Life of Faith i. vii. (1824) 137 Every ingredient that affecteth thee stounds his heart. 1724Ramsay Health 294 For the least noise stounds thro' his ears like death. a1792Burns Bonie Wee Thing 3 And my heart it stounds wi' anguish, Lest my wee thing be na mine. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Stound, to ache, to smart, to be in pain. 1848,1910[see stounding ppl. a.1].
▪ V. stound, v.2 Now dial.|staʊnd, stuːnd|
Also 4, 7 stund, 5 stond.
[Aphetic var. of astound v., or extended form of stoun v.]
1. trans. To stun as with a blow; to stupefy, benumb; to stupefy with astonishment, bewilder.
a1300Cursor M. 7558 Quat! wyns þou i am a hund, Wit þi stans me for to stund? a1420Aunters of Arthur xlvii. 602 (Douce MS.) The knighte of corage was cruel and kene, And withe a stele bronde þat sturne oft stonded. 1587Harrison England iii. vii. 231/1 in Holinshed, Mastiffes..take also their name of the word mase and theefe..bicause they often stound and put such persons to their shifts. 1600Holland Livy i. xli. 24 That the king was stounded with a sudden blow [L. sopitum fuisse regem subito ictu] but the weapon did not go very deep into his body. 1609T. Heywood Brit. Troy xii. xci. 262 But him the Woorthy stounded with a blow. a1617Bayne Lect. (1634) 302 The Chirurgion bindeth and stoundeth before cutting, that the patient may be lesse grieved. 1629in Bibl. Regia II. 236 The fatal blow given your most loyal servant..hath so stounded our University as (like a body without a soul) she stirs not. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 218 They are slain every mother's son of them. Yet perhaps they are but stounded and may revive again. 1678Bunyan Pilgr. i. 221 At the sight..of this River, the Pilgrims were much stounded. 1689Dialogue Timothy & Titus 4 I'le protest you've stunded me. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Stound. 1. To stun. 2. To overcome with astonishment.
†2. intr. To be bewildered or at a loss.
1531in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 98 The seid Mayer and Burgeys many tymes stound and be in grett ambuyguyte to execute such old graunts. |