| 释义 |
▪ I. desire, n.|dɪˈzaɪə(r)|
Forms: 4–5 desir, desyr, (desijr, dessire, dissire, -yre), 4–6 desyre, desier, (5 desyer, desere, 6 desyir), 4– desire.
[ME. a. OF. desir (12th c. in Littré), mod.F. désir = Pr. dezir, desire, It. desio, desire, deriv. f. the vb. desirare, F. désirer to desire: see next.]
1. The fact or condition of desiring; that feeling or emotion which is directed to the attainment or possession of some object from which pleasure or satisfaction is expected; longing, craving; a particular instance of this feeling, a wish.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 3410 Ȝyf þou haue grete desyre To be clepyd lorde or syre. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 147 Gret desir of heuenely þynges. 14..Why I can't be a nun 303 in E.E.P. (1862) 146 Thy fyrst desyre and thyne entent Was to bene a nune professed. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 757 The execrable desyre of sovereintie. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 92, I have a great desire to get a sight of him. 1652J. Wright tr. Camus' Nat. Paradox 353 Seeing the cards thus shuffled to his own desire. 1653H. More Antid. Ath. ii. xii. §15 (1712) 83 An unsatiable desire after that just and decorous temper of Mind. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 206 ⁋4 This conflict of desires. 1759― Rasselas xxxvii, His predominant passion was desire of money. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 2 The elder King felt a strong desire to see his brother. 1853J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) II. i. i. 11 Objects of desire to the barbarian. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II. 100 The new age has new desires. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 51 A man should pray to have right desires, before he prays that his desires may be fulfilled.
b. personified.
1575Gascoigne Pr. Pleas. Kenilw., That wretch Desire Whom neither death could daunt [etc.]. 1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. i. 734 As fleet As Desire's lightning feet. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. II. xxvii. 170 Desire has trimmed the sails, and Circumstance brings but the breeze to fill them.
2. spec. Physical or sensual appetite; lust.
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 3 This name Ihesu..dose away greuesnes of fleschely desyris. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. xliv. (1495) 257 The appetyte of the stomak is callyd desyre. a1400–50Alexander 4289 To blemysch oure blode with bodely dissires. a1535Wyatt in Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 224 If thy desire haue ouer thee the power, Subiect then art thou and no gouernour. 1611Shakes. Cymb. i. vi. 47 That satiate yet vnsatisfi'd desire. 1711Steele Spect. No. 151 ⁋2 A constant Pruriency of inordinate Desire. 1756Burke Subl. & B. iii. i, Which shows that beauty, and the passion caused by beauty, which I call love, is different from desire. 1867Baker Nile Tribut. viii. 166 The flesh of the crocodile is eaten greedily, being supposed to promote desire. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid iv. 91 Against enkindled desire Honour itself was feeble.
†3. Longing for something lost or missed; regret; desiderium. Obs.
c1611Chapman Iliad xvii. 380 So unremoved stood these steeds, their heads to earth let fall, And warm tears gushing from their eyes, with passionate desire Of their kind manager.
4. A wish as expressed or stated in words; a request, petition.
c1340Cursor M. 10513 (Trin.) Þy desire and þy preyere Is comen to goddes ere. 1414Rolls of Parlt. III. 549/1 The Kyng thanketh hem of here gode desire, willyng put it in execution als sone as he wel may. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxiii. 135 The erle sent thyder, at their desyers, John of Norwyche, to be their Captayne. 1670Marvell Corr. clxxxvi. Wks. 1872–5 II. 377 The House hath been in conference with the Lords upon their desire, about the Addresse..concerning Popish Recusants. 1794Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 428 The Agents have written desires from me to land everything as fast as possible. 1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 83, I also send, at your desire, a general list of articles used in the woollen manufacture.
5. transf. An object of desire; that which one desires or longs for. (Originally only contextual).
1340–70Alisaunder 1047 Hee hoped to haue there of his hertes desyres. 1413Pilgr. Sowle i. xxxix. (Caxton, repr. 1859) 43 He sawe that he ne myght nought acheuen hys desyre. 1535Coverdale Ps. liii. [liv.] 7 So that myne eye seyth his desyre vpon myne enemies. 1611Bible Haggai ii. 7 The desire of all nations shall come. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. ii. i. We steered off to the North expecting a Sea-Breez at E.N.E. and the third day had our desire. 1709Steele Tatler No. 159 ⁋5 Farewel my Terentia, my Heart's Desire, farewel. 1732Fielding Mock Doctor Ded., That politeness which..has made you the desire of the great, and the envy of the whole profession. 1863Tennyson Welcome to Alexandra, Welcome her, welcome the land's desire.
▪ II. desire, v.|dɪˈzaɪə(r)|
Also 3–7 desyre, 4 desirre, 4–5 disire, -yre, 4–6 desir, 5 dissire, -yre, desier, desyr, disere, 5–6 dessire, -yre, dyssire, -yre, 6 dissier.
[ME. a. OF. desire-r (earlier desidrer, desirrer) = Pr. desirar, It. desiare, disirare, Rom. type desirare:—L. dēsīderāre to miss, long for, desire: see desiderate v.]
1. trans. To have a strong wish for; to long for, covet, crave.
a. with simple obj.
c1230Hali Meid. 11 Ant þenne wile..Þe king of alle kinges desire þe to leofmon. 1340Ayenb. 244 Þer is..al þet herte may wylnj, and of guod desiri. a1400–50Alexander 922 To þe kyng he kest slik a hate, þat he desiris his deth. 1538Starkey England i. i. 21 Of al thyng best and most to be desyryd. 1607–12Bacon Ess., Empire (Arb.) 294 It is a miserable state of minde to have few thinges to desier, and manie thinges to feare. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. iv. Wks. (1851) 169 Offa..a comely Person.. much desir'd of the people; and such his virtue..as might have otherwise been worthy to have reigned. 1832Tennyson ‘Of old sat Freedom on the heights’, Her open eyes desire the truth. 1871R. Ellis Catullus lxii. 50 Many a wistful boy and maidens many desire it. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 201 Do not all men desire happiness?
b. with inf.: To wish, long (to be, have, do).
a1300Cursor M. 10486 (Cott.) Suilk a worthi sun..Als sco desird for to haf. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiv. 62 Desirand to see þare wifes and þare childer. c1425Hampole's Psalter Metr. Pref. 29 Who so desires it to know. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xviii. vi, To speke wyth her gretly desyrynge. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. v. 140 If you desire to know the certaintie. 1697Dryden æneid ii. init., Since..Troy's disast'rous end [you] desire to know. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 30 They do not desire to bring down their theory to the level of their practice.
c. with obj. clause.
c1340Cursor M. 1801 (Trin.) Þenne desired þo caitifs badde Þat þei had ben by noe ladde. c1600Shakes. Sonn. lxi. 3 Dost thou desire my slumbers should be broken? 1784Cowper Tiroc. 811 To you..Who wise yourselves, desire your sons should learn Your wisdom. 1850Tennyson In Mem. li. 1 Do we indeed desire the dead Should still be near us? 1859― Lancelot & Elaine 1089 You desire your child to live.
2. intr. (or absol.) To have or feel a desire.
1393Gower Conf. II. 5 For she, which loveth him to-fore, Desireth ever more and more. 1611Bible Prov. xiii. 4 The soule of the sluggard desireth, and hath nothing. 1620Shelton Quix. III. v, He that will not when he may, when he desireth shall have nay. a1831A. Knox Rem. I. 37 In moral matters, to desire, and possess, differ in degree, rather than reality. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 68 He who desires, desires that of which he is in want.
†b. Const. after, to, etc. Obs.
a1300Holy Rode 347 in Leg. Rood 46 Þo desirede þe quene muche after þe nailes þre War-wiþ our lord was Inailed to þe tre. a1325Prose Psalter xli[i]. 1 As þe hert de-siret to þe welles of waters, so de-sired my soule to þe, Lord. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. Proem in Ashm. (1652) 6 Every estate desireth after good. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. cxliii. 6 My soule desireth after thee.
†3. trans. Of things: To require, need, demand.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 29 It desyreth a moyst ground, riche and good. 1587Golding De Mornay xxvi. 397 True beautie desireth no painting. 1591Spenser Tears of Muses 541 A doleful case desires a dolefull song. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 292 There be many kindes of Mise, and every one of them desireth a particular tractate.
4. To long for (something lost); to feel the loss of, miss, regret, desiderate. (In quot. 1614, pass., to be missed, to be wanting.) Obs. or arch.
1557North tr. Gueuara's Diall Pr. 232 b/2 On the death of thy child Verissimus, thy sonne so much desired. 1611Bible 2 Chron. xxi. 20 He reigned in Ierusalem eight yeeres, and departed without being desired. 1614Selden Titles Hon. 142 Otherwise..Pharaohs discretion would have been much desired. 1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. Ep. Ded., That the Reader..may not desire an Epistle, or complain that there is one wanting. 1869Tennyson Holy Grail 897 And now his chair desires him here in vain.
5. To express a wish for (an object); to ask for, request.
Const. a. with simple obj.: to d. a thing; b. to d. a thing of, from († at) a person (arch.); c. with inf. obj.; to d. to know, have, etc., something; d. with obj. clause, to d. that{ddd}
a.c1314Guy Warw. (A.) 399 Erls, doukes of þe best..Me [Felice] haue desired apliȝt, Þat neuer of me hadde siȝt. c1350Will. Palerne 4583, I desired þis damisele..To haue hire to þi broþer..Ac hire moder in no maner hire nold me graunte. c1450Merlin 27 When thei wiste that Vortiger disered the pees, they were gladde. 1656Burton's Diary (1828) I. 39, I move that his Highness's advice may be desired in it. 1754Chatham Lett. Nephew iv. 21 If you are forced to desire farther information.. do it with proper apologies. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 97, I had spared thee, but thou desiredst my death.
b.c1400Destr. Troy 7897 Þai..sent to þat souerain..dessirond full depely delyuerans of hir. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings ii. 16 Now desyre I one peticion of the. ― Job xxxi. 16 When the poore desyred eny thinge at me, haue I denyed it them? 1651Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) 282 What you desire from mee. 1666Pepys Diary 5 Dec., I gave him my song..which he has often desired of me.
c.c1400Destr. Troy 1022 To these kynges he come..And to haue of hor helpe hertely dissyred. 1450W. Somner in Four C. Eng. Lett. 4 The maister desyryd to wete yf the shepmen wolde holde with the duke. 1563Abp. Parker Corr. (Parker Soc.) 191, I..thereupon desired to have the Council's letters. 1785Mod. Times I. 16 He desired never to hear any thing of me. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxxiii, He alighted at the Dominican Convent, and desired to see the Duke of Albany. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid iii. 358 Speech I crave of the seer, and desire his counsel to learn.
d.1404Rolls of Parlt. III. 549/1 The Comunes desiren that the Kyng shulde leve upon his owne. 1656Burton's Diary (1828) I. 80, I desire it may not die. 1689Tryal Bps. 19 We desire it may be read in English for we don't understand Law-Latin. 1738Swift Pol. Conversat. 98 Run to my Lady M―; and desire she will remember to be here at Six. 1823Southey Hist. Penins. War I. 176 He desired Velarde would write to the court.
6. To express a wish to (a person); to request, pray, entreat.
†a. with simple object: to make a request to (obs.);
†b. to d. a person a thing, or of a thing (obs.);
c. to d. a person to do something (the most freq. construction);
d. to d. a person that, or of a person that{ddd}
† a.1526–34Tindale John xii. 21 Certayne Grekes..cam to Philip..and desired him, sayinge: Syr we wolde fayne se Iesus. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 32/2 John spake unto him, and desired him in like maner and contestation as before.
† b.a1555Hooper in Coverdale Lett. Mart. (1564) 127 Repente, and desyre god of forgeuenes. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. xviii. 105 If a Childe..desire his Father some fond or euill thing. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 402, I humbly doe desire your Grace of pardon.
c.a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxi. 212, I desyre you to shew me where ye have ben. c1563Cavendish Metr. Vis. in Life Wolsey (1825) II. 124 Desyryng me vouchesalve for to consent To wright their myshappe. 1681Temple Mem. iii. Wks. 1731 I. 342 The Duke of Monmouth being Chancellor, I desir'd the King to speak to him. 1710Swift Lett. 10 Oct. (1767) III. 21 He desires me to dine with him again on Sunday. 1747Col. Rec. Pennsylv. V. 138 Thomas McGee..who was desir'd to do it. 1786S. Haswell Victoria II. 97 Lady Wealthy..desired her to..desire the steward give her twelve guineas. 1833Marryat P. Simple ix, He desired us to ‘toe a line,’ which means to stand in a row.
d.1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cviii. 130, I desyre you that we may abyde in composicyon. 1539Cranmer Matt. xvi. 1 The Pharises also with the Saduces..desyred him that he wolde shewe them a sygne from heuen. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xxi. 27 The Bascha sent to desire the Ambassador that the next day he would come to his solemne dynner. 1611Bible Dan. ii. 16 Then Daniel went in and desired of the King, that hee would giue him time. 1822Shelley Chas. I, ii. 456 Go desire Lady Jane She place my lute.
†7. To request to know or to be told; to ask.
c1477Caxton Jason 95 b, Iason..desired the waye. 1708Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 107 Mr. Watts came to me..and desir'd of me whether I were a Congregation Man.
†8. To request the presence or attendance of; to invite. Obs.
c1325Coer de L. 6871 Saye, that I hym desyre, And al his cursed cumpany in fere. 1530Palsgr. 513/2, I desyre to dynner, or to a feest, or any repast, je semons. 1554Bradford in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xxxi. 85, I was desyred by a neighbour..ayenst this day to dyner. 1583Satir. Poem Reform. xlv. Leg. Bp. St. Androis 259 This bischop, beand present thair, Desyrit him hame. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. v. 150, I would desire My famous Cousin to our Grecian Tents. 1606G. W[oodcocke] tr. Hist. Ivstine 88 b, Arsinoe..desired Phillip into her Citty Cassandria.
†b. To invite a course of action, etc.
c1314Guy Warw. (A.) 634, Þow dost me litel worþschipe, When þou me desirest to schenschipe. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxv. 136 Ye haue desyred vs to a thynge that is great and weyghtie. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 145 But shall we dance, if they desire vs too't? 1645Cromwell Lett. 4 Aug., I sent one Mr. Lee to them, To certify the peaceableness of my intentions, and to desire them to peaceableness. |