| 释义 |
▪ I. destitute, a. (and n.)|ˈdɛstɪtjuːt|
Also 5 destitut, -tuyt, -tud, distytute, 6 destytude, distitute.
[ad. L. dēstitūt-us abandoned, forsaken, pa. pple. of dēstituĕre to forsake, abandon, desert, f. de- I. 1, 2 + statuĕre to set up, place.]
†1. Abandoned, forsaken, deserted. Obs.
1382Wyclif Rev. xviii. 17 For in oon hour so many richessis ben destitute [Vulg. destitutæ sunt]. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxvi. 233 Long large and wyde clothes destytut and desert from al old honeste and good vsage. 1592Nobody & Someb. (1878) 350 Great houses long since built Lye destitute and wast, because inhabited by Nobody. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 441 Left their round turrets destitute and pale.
b. Of persons: Forsaken, left friendless or helpless, forlorn. (Blending at length with sense 3.)
1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 757 If devision, and dissencion of their friendes, had not unarmed them, and left them destitute. 1530Palsgr. 310/1 Destytut forsaken, destitue. 1632Sherwood, To leaue destitute, destituer, abandonner en detresse. 1704Cocker, Destitute, left forsaken. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Destitute, deprived, bereaved, forsaken, forlorn. 1740Dyche & Pardon, Destitute, helpless, forlorn, forsaken; in want and misery. 1755Johnson, Destitute..2. Abject, friendless.
2.
†a. Deprived or bereft of (something formerly possessed). Obs.
b. Devoid of, wanting or entirely lacking in (something desirable).
a.1413Pylg. Sowle iv. xx. (Caxton, 1483) 67 Thou art of comforte destytuyt I see And so am I. O careful now ben we. 14..Why I can't be a Nun 97 in E.E.P. (1862) 140, I am alle desolate, And of gode cownesayle destitute. 1455Dk. of York in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. I. 125 Ye stande destitut and unpourveyed of a Marshall within the town of Calyis. 1491–2Plumpton Corr. 102, I am distytute of money.
b.c1500Lancelot 1178 Shortly to conclud, Our folk of help had ben al destitud. 1526–34Tindale Jas. ii. 15 If a brother or a sister be naked or destitute of dayly food. c1540Borde The boke for to Lerne A ij b, Not destytude of such commodyties. 1597Morley Introd. Mus. Pref., To further the studies of them who..are destitute of sufficient masters. 1608Shakes. Per. v. i. 57 That..we may provision have Wherein we are not destitute for want, But weary for the staleness. 1682Bunyan Holy War (Cassell) 208 If you were not destitute of an honest heart you could not do as you have done. 1718Freethinker No. 27 ⁋2 The Age we live in is not wholly destitute of Manly refined Spirits. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. iv. 20 A species of fashionable dialect, devoid of sense, and destitute of..wit. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 518 A barren waste destitute of trees and verdure.
†c. Bereft of power to do something. Obs. rare.
1645Milton Tetrach. 60 If any therefore demand which is now most perfection..I am not destitute to say, which is most perfection.
3. Bereft of resources, resourceless, ‘in want and misery’; now, without the very necessaries of life or means of bare subsistence, in absolute want.
The 16th c. quotations from the Bible have perhaps properly the sense ‘forlorn’ (1 b); but they appear to have led the way to the modern sense, which is not recognized by Johnson, and is only approached in other 18th c. Dictionaries.
[1535Coverdale Ps. cii. 17 He turneth him vnto the prayer of the poore destitute [1611 He will regard the prayer of the destitute]. 1539Bible (Great) Heb. xi. 37 Other..walked vp and downe in shepes skynnes, and goates skynnes, beyng destitute [so 1611, other versions in need], troubled, and vexed. ]1740Dyche & Pardon [see 1 b]. 1784Cowper Task iv. 455 Did pity of their sufferings..tempt him into sin For their support, so destitute. 1813Shelley Q. Mab iii. 35 The deep curses which the destitute Mutter in secret. 1832H. Martineau Life in Wilds viii. 101 He had left his companions in a destitute state. 1838Lytton Alice 6, I was then so poor and destitute. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 101 There is one class which has enormous wealth, the other is entirely destitute. Mod. Help for the destitute poor.
transf.1764Reid Inquiry ii. §6. 109 These ideas look pitifully naked and destitute.
†4. Civil Law. Of a will: Rendered of no effect by reason of the refusal or incapacity of the heirs therein instituted to take up the inheritance (testamentum destitutum); abandoned. Obs.
1774S. Hallifax Anal. Rom. Law (1795) 58 If a Testator..had given freedom to slaves, and the Testament afterwards became destitute, the slaves lost their freedom.
B. as n. One who is destitute, without friends, resources, or the means of subsistence.
1737P. St. John Serm. 224 (R.) O, my friends, have pity on this poor destitute, for the hand of God hath touched her. 1784Unfort. Sensibility II. 12 Considering them as two poor destitutes. 1863F. A. Kemble Resid. in Georgia 7 Ask the thousands of ragged destitutes.
▪ II. destitute, v. Now rare.|ˈdɛstɪtjuːt|
pa. tense -ed; in 6 sometimes destitute.
[Partly f. destitute a., partly taken as Eng. repr. of L. dēstituĕre (ppl. stem dēstitūt-) to put away from oneself, forsake, abandon: see prec. adj. Cf. F. destituer, ad. L. dēstituĕre.]
†1. trans. To forsake, desert, abandon, leave to neglect. Obs.
1530Palsgr. 514/1, I destytute, I forsake or leave a thyng or persone, je destitue. 1550Crowley Way to Wealth 362 Oppressed on the one side and destituted on the other. 1627Bacon Ess., Plantations (Arb.) 534 It is the sinfullest Thing in the world, to forsake or destitute a Plantation, once in Forwardnesse. 1673Lady's Call. ii. §1 ⁋16. 62 God, who permits not even the brutes to destitute their young ones.
2. To deprive, bereave, divest of (anything possessed); to render destitute, reduce to destitution.
c1540Borde The boke to Lerne A ij b, Yf he be destytuted of any of the pryncipalles. 1545Joye Exp. Dan. v. (R.), So that the chirches and ciuile ministracion be not destituted lerned men at any tyme. c1561Veron Free-will 44 b, The mercye of God whereof they be al together destituted. 1605Hieron Short Dial. 61 That which desti[t]uteth so great a number of whole familes. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 11 Let it take any one part, and destitute it of heate and vitall spirits. 1820Shelley Let. to Godwin 7 Aug., I have given you the amount of a considerable fortune, and have destituted myself..of nearly four times the amount.
3. spec. To deprive of dignity or office; to depose. [mod.F. destituer.]
1653Baxter Chr. Concord 70 Where are the Cardinals and Bishops communicating with one excommunicated, instituted by one destituted? 1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 131 Let not the Patriarch think..to destitute or depose me. 1889B. M. Gardiner in Academy 16 Nov. 314/3 He was destituted by the General Council of the Commune.
4. To leave destitute or waste, to lay waste.
1593Nashe Christ's T. (1613) 40 By none shall the Sanctuary be defended, but those that wold haue none destitute or defloure it but themselues. 1890A. Rimmer Summ. Rambles Manchester p. v, He would have thought that his country had been overrun by foreign foes and destituted.
†5. To make void, frustrate, defeat, disappoint.
c1550Bale K. Johan (Camden) 100 Examples we have in Brute, In Catilyne, in Cassius, and fayer Absolon, Whome of their purpose God alwayes destytute. 1593Nashe Foure Lett. Confut. 42 If you haue anie new infringement to destitute the inditement of forgerie that I bring against you. a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. i. ii. §1 (1622) 8 Lest..he be needlesly offended, when his expectation is destituted.
Hence ˈdestituted ppl. a., ˈdestituting vbl. n.
1550Veron Godly Saiyngs (1846) 139 He that seeth his brother or his syster naked or destituted of daylye fode. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Destitution & delaissement, Destituting or disappointing. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1027/2 This monasterie for sundrie yeares was left destituted. 1662J. Bargrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) 95 He was a destituted young lad, out of all conversation. |