| 释义 |
detonation|dɛtəˈneɪʃən, diː-|
[a. F. détonation, noise of explosion, n. of action from détoner to detonate.]
The action of detonating.
1. a. Chem. ‘The noise accompanying the sudden decomposition or combination of substances, and due to the concussion of the air resulting from the sudden production of a large quantity of gas’ (Watts Dict. Chem.); hence, explosion accompanied with a sudden loud report.
1677–86W. Harris Lemery's Chym. (ed. 2) 41 Detonation is a noise that is made when the Volatile parts of any mixture do rush forth with impetuosity: it is also called Fulmination. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 55 Common Niter in its detonation or alcalisation with coales, acquires a green colour. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn., Detonation is a Chymical word expressing the Thundring Noise that is often made by a mixture being enkindled in the containing Vessel. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 107 This experiment is dangerous, as it is often accompanied with violent detonations. 1864Spencer Biol. I. 8 Percussion produces detonation in sulphide of nitrogen.
b. In an internal combustion engine, the rapid and premature combustion of the mixture in the cylinder before it is ignited by the spark or the flame from the spark, producing a rattling or thumping noise (cf. knock n.1).
1912Motor Manual (ed. 14) vi. 201 With super-compression of the charge instead of a gradual expansion of the ignited gases a ‘detonation’ occurs. 1937Autocar Handbk. (ed. 13) v. 91 Should the charge be fired off too early, detonation, or, as it is more popularly known, ‘pinking’, will result. 1968Practical Motorist Oct. 205 The detonation causes a distinctive knock (‘pinking’) when the engine is under load.
2. gen.
a. A loud noise as of thunder; a violent explosive report, e.g. in a volcanic eruption.
1830Lyell Princ. Geol. (1875) II. ii. xxvi. 28 The great Crater..testified by its loud detonations [etc.]. 1834M. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sc. xxvi. (1849) 283 The detonations [from the eruption in Sumbawa 1815] were heard in Sumatra. 1869Phillips Vesuv. iv. 112 After each detonation globes of white vapour were formed. 1875Wonders Phys. World ii. ii. 201 They attribute the movements and detonations to the expansion of the ice.
b. The action of causing a substance to detonate.
1727–51Chambers Cycl., Detonation denotes the..operation, of expelling the impure, volatile, and sulphureous part, out of antimony. 1758Elaboratory laid Open Introd. 58 The chemists have called the operation, detonation, or deflagration. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. xvii. 433 A tube for detonation.
3. fig. A sudden utterance or expression of anger or other violent feeling; an ‘explosion’.
1878Browning La Saisiaz 79 As Rousseau, then eloquent, as Byron prime in poet's power,—Detonations, fulgurations, smiles. 1882Stevenson New Arab. Nts. (1884) 296 Detonations of temper were not unfrequent. 1891Rosebery Pitt xi. 179 It was impossible for Pitt after his detonations and activity of the autumn to prevent the agitation of the Catholic Question. |