| 释义 |
strategy|ˈstrætɪdʒɪ|
Also 9 strategie.
[a. F. stratégie (Du Pinet's tr. Pliny, 1562), ad. Gr. στρατηγία office or command of a general, generalship, f. στρατηγ-ός strategus.]
†1. A government or province under a strategus: cf. strategian 1. Obs. rare—1.
1688Morden Geog. Rect., Armenia 343 Pliny accounted 120 Strategies Governments or particular Jurisdictions of every Province.
2. a. The art of a commander-in-chief; the art of projecting and directing the larger military movements and operations of a campaign.
Usually distinguished from tactics, which is the art of handling forces in battle or in the immediate presence of the enemy.
1810C. James Milit. Dict. (ed. 3) s.v., Strategy differs materially from tactic; the latter belonging only to the mechanical movement of bodies, set in motion by the former. 1825J. A. Gilbert Expos. Princ. Milit. Comb. 11 The second combination is the art of bringing the mass of one's forces as rapidly as possible on the decisive point of the primitive line of operation, or of the accidental line. It is what is vulgarly called strategy, but strategy relates only to the mode of executing this second combination. 1827Scott Napoleon, View Fr. Rev. xi. II. 73 A brave and excellent soldier, but with no idea of strategie [sic] or tactics, save those current during the Seven Years War. 1889A. T. Mahan Sea Power Introd. 8 Before hostile armies or fleets are brought into contact (a word which perhaps better than any other indicates the dividing line between tactics and strategy).
b. An instance or species of this.
1833Macaulay Ess., War of Succession ⁋7 Where something different from ordinary strategy was required in the general. 1868Farrar Seekers Concl. (1875) 320 By copying the strategy of the battle of Beth Horon. 1913R. Lucas Ld. North I. vii. 277 His strategy was to hold the Hudson River and isolate the New England States.
c. transf.
1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville I. 103 The captain had here the first taste of the boasted strategy of the fur trade. 1849C. Knight Ht. Martineau's Hist. Peace i. ii. 19 The battle against this tax was one of the most remarkable examples of Parliamentary strategy that was ever displayed. 1878A. P. Stanley Addr. & Serm. in Amer. Pref. to Serm. (1883) 83 It has been too often the conventional strategy of theological argument, in dealing with books or persons with whom we differ, to give no quarter.
d. In (theoretical) circumstances of competition or conflict, as in the theory of games, decision theory, business administration, etc., a plan for successful action based on the rationality and interdependence of the moves of the opposing participants; also transf. (see quot. 1979).
1944von Neumann & Morgenstern Theory of Games i. 44 The same arguments which forced us to consider sets of imputations instead of single imputations necessitate the abandonment of that narrow concept of ‘standard of behavior’. Actually we shall call these sets of rules the ‘strategies’ of the game. 1954Psychol. Bull. LI. 406/2 A strategy is a set of personal rules for playing the game. For each possible first move.., your opponent will have a possible set of responses. 1965H. I. Ansoff Corporate Strategy vi. 118 A grand or mixed strategy is a statistical decision rule for deciding which particular pure strategy the firm should select in a particular situation. 1969R. Farquharson Theory of Voting iv. 20 Any procedure can be represented as a game by assuming that each voter makes a plan in advance regarding the course of action he will take in every division which can arise. Any such plan may be called a ‘strategy’—the voter's set of strategies constitutes the complete range of such possible plans. 1979Science 25 May 795/2 Gideon Louw..laments the widespread biological use of the word ‘strategy’ because of the implication of rational choice..but..there is no simpler way to label possible evolutionary designs.
3. Gr. Hist. The office of a strategus. rare—1.
1869A. W. Ward tr. Curtius' Hist. Greece iii. iii. II. 456 Among the offices requiring a certain capacity..there was none more important than the generalship or Strategy [G. Strategie]. Ibid. 458 Pericles, besides the authority of a Strategy prolonged to him in an extraordinary measure, also filled the office of superintendent of the finances.
Hence ˈstrategy v. trans., to force (a person) into (a position) by strategy. ˈstrategying vbl. n., exercise of strategy. (Both nonce-wds.)
1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. ix. x. (1872) III. 157 We hear there is marching, strategying in the Parma Country. 1894Clark Russell Good Ship Mohock I. i. 21 Not the gods themselves could have strategied me into wedlock. |