| 释义 |
strato-|ˈstrɑːtəʊ, ˈstreɪtəʊ|
1. Combining form of stratus, used to form names for mixed types of cloud-structure in which the ‘stratus’ form is present as an element modifying one of the other forms: strato-ˈcirrus, a cloud resembling cirro-stratus, but more compact in structure; hence strato-cirrous a.; strato-ˈcumulus = cumulo-stratus; hence strato-ˈcumulous a. Also used in forming other terms, as ˈstratotype Geol., a particular group of strata chosen as defining a named stratigraphic unit or boundary; freq. attrib.; ˈstratovolˌcano Geol. [ad. G. strato-vulkan (K. von Seebach 1866, in Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Ges. XVIII. 644)], a volcano built up of alternate layers of lava and ash.
1816W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. XLII. 35 Such clouds should be called strato-cirrous.
1898Jrnl. Sch. Geog. (U.S.) Oct. 310 The sky..was overcast with strato-cumulus and cumulus clouds.
1965Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XLIX. 1701/1 The most effective means of providing a chronostratigraphic unit with fixed and uniform limits..appears to be by the designation of a specifically bounded section of rock strata as the stratotype of this unit. 1969Proc. Geol. Soc. Lond. Aug. 142 A standard stratigraphical scale expresses the relative ages of rock in agreed terms defined by boundary points in stratotype sections. 1972J. A. Couvering in Bishop & Miller Calibration of Hominoid Evolution 247 State-age names..are put in quotation marks when used in a sense which differs from the strict definition of the stratotype. 1978Nature 16 Nov. 258/2 The rich foraminiferal and molluscan faunas at these localities establish the correlation of the beds..with the Jemmys Point Formation in Gippsland, the stratotype of the Kalimnan Stage (early Pliocene).
[1885A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 2) 227 Von Seebach..distinguished two volcanic types. 1st, Bedded Volcanoes (Strato-Vulkane), composed of successive sheets of lava and tuffs, and embracing the great majority of volcanoes.] 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 25 The typical large volcano with a well-developed crater is an intermediate or composite structure, usually built of alternating layers of lava and cinders, and therefore called a stratovolcano. 1973Sci. Amer. Aug. 67/1 These later lavas form the great stratovolcanoes, some still active, that dominate the Andean chain. 1977Whitaker's Almanack 1978 1037/2 Merapi, a strato-volcano on the island of Java, has been active for several centuries.
2. [f. stratosphere.]
a. Used to form the names of various kinds of high-altitude aircraft, as stratocruiser, strato-fortress, strato-freighter, strato-jet, strato-liner, strato-plane, strato-tanker.
All but stratoplane are the names of aircraft built by the Boeing Airplane Company, but only Stratoliner (formerly also Stratocruiser) is a proprietary name (in the U.S.).
1944Sun (Baltimore) 15 Nov. 8/2 An announcement by the Boeing Aircraft Company of a ‘Stratocruiser’ for postwar production... A military prototype of the Stratocruiser..is undergoing tests. 1966D. Francis Flying Finish iv. 48 The pressurized stratocruiser which took us [to New York].
1953Britannica Bk. of Year 28/1 The Boeing YB-52, an eight-engine jet swept-wing Stratofortress designed gradually to replace the intercontinental B-36, made its first flight. 1981Nature 17 Dec. 606/2 The massive wide-area saturation bombing from B-52 stratofortresses alone ultimately added up to 800,000 tonnes of bombs.
1947Sun (Baltimore) 10 July 2 (caption) The Boeing Aircraft Company's ‘Stratocruiser’, passenger-carrying counterpart of the ‘Stratofreighter’, is shown as it takes off on its initial test flight at Seattle.
1947Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 18 Dec. 10/1 The XB4 Stratojet, described as potentially the world's most powerful plane, made its initial test hop yesterday. 1955Times 20 June 3/5 One ‘Stratojet’ bomber succeeds another as the latest weapon of defence.
1938Sun (Baltimore) 8 June 3/2 Two other new transports, the Boeing ‘Stratoliner’ and the Douglas DC-4. 1939Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 26 Dec. 805/1 Boeing Aircraft Company... Stratoliner. For airplanes and structural parts thereof. 1955M. McCarthy Sights & Spectacles (1959) 162 Stratoliners from Kansas City ferry-in patrons for Guys and Dolls.
1933Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 16 Nov. 6/4 Clues to the tail-winds that may push future strato-planes on high-speed flights through the stratosphere were sought..here today by astronomers watching the Leonid meteor shower. 1936Discovery Apr. 125/2 The efficiency of the reaction-motor beginning where that of the propeller leaves off, at approximately the 10-mile level,..raises the question as to whether certain makers of hush-hush ‘stratoplanes’ are not working along the wrong lines.
1955Ann. Rep. 1954 (Boeing Airplane Co.) 15/2 The new military airplane, to be known as the KC-135 Jet Stratotanker, will be an advanced version of the prototype. 1980Times 1 Feb. 3/3 (caption) A woman stratotanker pilot in the United States Air Force at RAF Fairford, Gloucestershire, yesterday, after a refuelling mission.
b. Used in the sense ‘travelling in, suitable for travel in, the stratosphere’, in stratonaut [f. -naut after aeronaut, astronaut], stratosuit.
1934Amer. Speech IX. 236/2 According to C. E. Mason, the New York Times coined the word stratonaut to describe venturers in the stratosphere. 1936Nature 27 June 1053/1 A general introduction which is packed with references to Magellan and Copernicus on one hand, and the stratosphere explorers (stratonauts) and theoretical investigators of the expanding universe on the other. 1937C. G. Philp Conquest of Stratosphere 6 Seventy-four years ago..those gallant pioneers, Glaisher and Coxwell,..claimed to have reached a height of 7 miles, into the lower stratosphere..without a single essential of the modern stratonaut, for they had no oxygen apparatus. 1945Sun (Baltimore) 23 June 3/2 (caption) An airman wears a new flexible pressurized ‘Strato-suit’ of rubberized fabric..for use in high-altitude flying. 1949Jrnl. Brit. Interplanetary Soc. VIII. 40 Doubtless considerable improvements have been effected in stratosuits since the Haldane-Davis original. |