| 释义 |
▪ I. dew, n.|djuː|
Forms: 1 déaw, 2 dáw, 2–4 deu, deuȝ, 3 dæw (Orm.), 4 deew, dewȝ, deau, 4–6 dewe, deaw(e, 6 deow(e, due, 3– dew.
[Common Teut.: OE. déaw, OFris. daw, OS. dau, MLG. dau, Du. dauw, OHG., MHG. tou (touwes), Ger. thau, tau, ON. dögg, gen. döggvar, Sw. dagg, Da. dug, Goth. *daggwa-:—OTeut. *dauwo-, Aryan *dháwo-: cf. Skr. dhā̆w to flow, run.]
1. a. The moisture deposited in minute drops upon any cool surface by the condensation of the vapour in the atmosphere; formed after a hot day during or towards night, and plentiful in the early morning.
Formerly supposed to fall or descend softly from the heavens, whence numerous current phrases, figures, and modes of speech: cf. dewfall.
a800Corpus Gloss. 1752 Roscido, deawe. c825Vesp. Psalter cxxxii[i]. 3 Swe swe deaw se astiᵹeð in munt. c1000ælfric Exod. xvi. 13 On morᵹen wæs þ̶ deaw abutan þa fyrdwic. a1175Cott. Hom. 233 His sonne, mone, sterren, rien, daw, wind. c1175Lamb. Hom. 159 Þe sunne drach up þene deu. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 256 On þe liȝte þe heouene deuȝ. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3325 Knewen he noȝt ðis dewes cost. 1340Ayenb. 91 Bote a drope of deau..þe drope of þe deawe. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 27 Weetynge of hevenly deew. 1382― Daniel iv. 30 With dewe of heuen his body was enfourmed. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xvii. (1495) 326 The more clere that the mone is in the Somer tyme the more plente of dewe is seen vpon the grasse and herbes. a1400Minor Poems Vernon MS. 618 Softur þen watur or eny licour, Or dewȝ þat liþ on þe lilie flour, Was cristes bodi. c1440Promp. Parv. 120 Dewe, ros. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 10 The dew donkit the daill, and dynarit the foulis. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 59 The deu..is ane humid vapour, generit in the sycond regione of the ayr. 1596Spenser Astroph. 191 All the day it standeth full of deow. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. v. iii. 64 Our day is gone, Clowds, Dewes, and Dangers come. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xxiii. vi. 238 These pearles, within strong and bright shels of the sea-fishes, conceived..by a commixtion of deaw. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 372 Pearls..generated..of the morning dew of Heaven, which in serenes falls into the gaping Shell-fish. 1784Cavendish in Phil. Trans. LXXIV. 129 Almost all the inflammable air, and near one-fifth of the common air, lose their elasticity, and are condensed into dew. 1795Southey Joan of Arc ii. 9 As the dews of night Descended. 1800Wordsw. Pet-lamb 1 The dew was falling fast, the stars began to blink. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xvii, She walked out into the church-yard, brushing the dew from the long grass with her feet. 1848Lytton Harold i. i, Arch and blooming faces bowed down to bathe in the May dew. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 51 Moisture which is thus deposited upon any cold surface, without production of mist, is termed dew. 1887Bowen Virg. Eclogue v. 77 While bee sucks from the thyme, and cicalas drink of the dew.
†b. pl. ? Damp places. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 289 And also Marie Magdeleyne by mores lyued and dewes.
2. fig. Something likened to dew in its operation or effect:
a. as coming with refreshing power or with gentle fall;
b. as characteristic of the morning of life, of early years, like the ‘early dew’.
a.c1200Ormin 9883 All wiþþutenn dæw Off Haliz Gastess frofre. 1508Fisher Wks. (1876) 176 Make them moyst with the due of thy grace. 1559Bk. Com. Prayer, Morning Prayer, The continuall deawe of thy blessinge. 1607Shakes. Cor. v. vi. 23 He watered his new plants with dewes of Flattery. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 614 The timely dew of sleep..inclines Our eye-lids. 1738Pope Epil. Sat. i. 69 The gracious Dew of Pulpit Eloquence. 1819Shelley Cenci iv. i. 178 Sleep, that healing dew of heaven. 1821― Ginevra 115 The dew of music more divine Tempers the deep emotions. 1839J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Ch. vi. (1847) 52 Hearts baptized with the heavenly dews of the Gospel.
b.1535Coverdale Ps. cix. [cx.] 3 Y⊇ dewe of thy birth is of y⊇ wombe of the mornynge. 1849Robertson Serm. Ser. i. iii. (1866) 53 Dried up the dew of fresh morning feeling. 1858Longfellow M. Standish i. 18 Having the dew of his youth, and the beauty thereof.
3. transf.
a. Applied to moisture generally, especially that which appears in minute drops on any surface or exudes from any body.
a1300Cursor M. 17682 (Cott.) Wit a deu mi face he wette. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 139 Whom furres must fence..and dew of nappie Ale cherish. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 316 Pare his [the horse's] hinder-feet thin, untill the dew come out. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. c. 382 Raze both the quarters of the hoofe with a drawing-knife..so deepe that you may see the dew come foorth. 1631Widdowes Nat. Philos. 56 Dew is a humor contained in the hollownesse of the members, and joyned to their substance. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 126 That cold and dew and clamminess, that goes to the hatching of a snails [egge]. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) III. 210 Ballani do not feed on the gross parts of the sea-water, but as it were on the subtile dew that penetrates through the stone. 1822Shelley Triumph Life 66 The fountains, whose melodious dew Out of their mossy cells for ever burst.
b. Moisture glistening in the eyes; tears. Hence funeral dew.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 29 The night of dew that on my cheekes downe flowes. 1612–5Bp. Hall Contempl., O.T. xx. iii, These expostulations might have fetched some dewes of pitie from the eyes. 1649Davenant Love & Honour iii. Dram. Wks. 1873 III. 134 Sure I could weep, but that my eyes Have not enough of funeral dew to melt Away. 1662Cokaine Ovid iv. vii, Shed no more tears! You have..Spent too much of that precious dew. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iv. xvi, Those poor eyes that stream'd with dew. 1847Tennyson Princ. vii. 120 The dew Dwelt in her eyes, and softer all her shape And rounder seem'd.
c. Perspiration, sweat.
1674S. Vincent Yng. Gallant's Acad. 33 Thou feelest the fat Dew of thy body..run trickling down thy sides. 1795Southey Joan of Arc viii. 211 The dews of death Stood on his livid cheek. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles v. xxvi, Cold on his brow breaks terror's dew. 1859Tennyson Enid 568 The dew of their great labour..flowing, drained their force.
d. With qualifying words, as Bacchus' dew, the juice of the grape, wine, or other fermented or distilled drink; mountain-dew, a fanciful term for whisky illicitly distilled on the mountains; dew of Glenlivat, Glenlivat whisky; † dew of vitriol (ros vitrioli).
1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Clarence iii, Sowst in Bacchus dewe. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) Dew of Vitriol, a Name given by some Chymists to a kind of Phlegm or Water drawn from that Mineral Salt, by Distillation in Balneo Mariæ, or with a gentle Heat. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 84 There remains a whitish-grey mass, which formerly was called Vitriol Calcined to Whiteness. If you distil it in a retort, and collect the product, you will have first, a water slightly acid, called Dew of Vitriol. 1822Shelley Zucca ix, Full as a cup with the vine's burning dew. 1826P. P. in Hone Every-day Bk. II. 610 Whiskey, or mountain dew. 1836E. Howard R. Reefer xxxv, Then came the whiskey—the real dew. 1840Chamb. Jrnl. IX. 94 The discomfited gaugers fled..leaving the victorious chief in undisturbed possession of the much coveted mountain-dew. 1884Daily News 23 May 5/7 [They] cannot compete with the dew of Glenlivat.
4. Applied with qualification to surface deposits formed on plants, etc. (as by exudation, insects, parasitic vegetation), formerly imagined to be in origin akin to dew: see honey-dew, mildew.
1563W. Fulke Meteors (1640) 53 b, There is another kind of sweet dewes, that falleth in England, called the Meldewes, which is as sweet as honey..There is also a bitter kind of dew, that falleth upon herbs, and lyeth on them like branne or meale. 1660Jer. Taylor Worthy Commun. Introd. 10 It will not be impossible to find honey or wholesome dewes upon all this variety of plants. 1821T. Dwight Trav. II. 341 When it first exudes, it is very sweet to the taste; and has hence been commonly supposed to be the residuum of a particular kind of dew, called by the farmers honey-dew.
5. attrib. and Comb. (Especially frequent in poetical use.)
a. attrib., ‘of dew,’ as dew-bead, dew-blob, dew-damp, dew-gem, dew-globe, dew-mist, dew-star, dew-water, dew-web; ‘characterized by’ or ‘characterizing dew’, as dew-locks, dew-prime, dew-silence, dew-wind.
b. locative and originative, as dew-dance, dew-light.
c. similative, ‘like’ or ‘as dew’, as dew-burning, dew-cold, dew-grey adjs.d. objective and obj. genitive, as dew-brusher, dew-dropping adj.e. instrumental, as dew-bedabbled, dew-bediamonded, dew-bespangled, dew-besprent, dew-bright, dew-clad, dew-dabbled, dew-damp, dew-drenched, dew-gemmed, dew-laden, dew-pearled, dew-soaked, dew-sprent, dew-sprinkled, dew-wet adjs.
f. parasynthetic, as dew-lipped adj.
1832Motherwell Poet. Wks. (1847) 85 In every *dew-bead glistening sheen. 1868Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy i. (Cent. Dict.), The dew-bead, Gem of earth and sky begotten.
1887Stevenson Underwoods, Every fairy wheel and thread Of cobweb *dew-bediamonded.
a1748Thomson Hymn to Solitude 26 Just as the *dew-bent rose is born.
1634Milton Comus 540 The savoury herb Of knot-grass *dew-besprent.
1727–38Gay Fables I. 14 (Jod.) As forth she went at early dawn To taste the *dew-besprinkled lawn.
1727–46Thomson Summer 86 Aslant the *dew-bright earth and coloured air.
1854J. W. Warter Last of Old Squires v. 51 He was what the Persians call a *dew-brusher..Ten to one but the labourer met him as he was going to his work.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 35 His bright *deaw-burning blade.
1847Mischief of Muses 35 The moisture of the *dew-clad grass.
1817Moore Lalla R., Fire Worshippers (1854) 235 She who leans..pale, sunk, aghast, With brow against the *dew-cold mast.
1818Keats Endym. i. 683 The poppies hung *Dew-dabbled on their stalks.
1798Coleridge Sibyl. Leaves Poems (1864) 265 She the *dew-damp wiped From off her brow. 1899A. R. Cowan Hist. Kiss 86 The grass, still *dew-damp in the glade. 1906T. S. Moore Poems 29 She..ordered the dew-damp hair.
1885W. B. Yeats in Dublin Univ. Rev. Apr. 56/2 And from the *dew-drench'd wood I've sped. 1919V. Woolf Night & Day xvi. 206 Her rather pale, dew-drenched look.
1812G. Colman Br. Grins, Lady of Wreck ii. xxiii, *Dew-dript evening.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. iv. 103 The *dew-dropping South.
1893Le Gallienne in Westm. Gaz. 16 Feb. 2/3 See how yonder goes, *Dew-drunk..Yon Shelley-lark.
1832Tennyson Lotos-Eaters 75 Sun-steep'd at noon, and in the moon Nightly *dew-fed.
1823J. Baillie Poems 228 *Dew-gemm'd in the morning ray.
1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. iv. 432 As the dissolving warmth of dawn may fold A half unfrozen *dew-globe, green and gold, And crystalline.
1932W. Faulkner Light in August (1933) vii. 149 Against the *dewgray earth..fireflies drifted.
1603Drayton Sonnets liii, (T.) Where nightingales in Arden sit and sing Amongst the dainty *dew-impearled flowers. 1830Tennyson Ode to Memory ii, The dew-impearled winds of dawn.
1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede 41 The *dew-laden grass.
1647Herrick Noble Numb., Star Song, Spangled with *deaw-light.
1818Keats Endymion ii. 408 Just as the morning south Disparts a *dew-lipp'd rose. 1856Bryant Poems, Ages v, When the *dew-lipped spring comes on.
1830Tennyson Adeline 47 Those *dew-lit eyes of thine.
1648Herrick Hesper. I. 92, Corinna's Maying, The light Hangs on the *dew-locks of the night.
1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. iii. iii, The *dew-mists of my sunless sleep.
1841Browning Pippa Passes i. (1889) 24 The hill-side's *dew-pearled; The lark's on the wing.
1872― Fifine xxxiii, Though *dew-prime flee.
1850Mrs. Browning Poems II. 165 Descend with sweet *dew silence on my mountains.
1941W. de la Mare Bells & Grass 139 *Dew-soaked shoes.
1850Blackie æschylus I. 13 My *dew-sprent dreamless couch. 1884Symonds Shaks. Predecessors vii. §3. 263 Abroad in dew-sprent meadows.
1733Shenstone Past. Ballad iv. 33 The sweets of a *dew-sprinkled rose.
1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. i. 168 As *dew-stars glisten, Then fade away.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 151 Ðe teares..ben cleped rein water oðer *deu water.
1813Hogg Queen's Wake ii. Wks. (1876) 22 And *dew-webs round the helmets weave.
6. Special combs.: dew-beam (poetic), a ray of light reflected from a dewdrop; dew-bit (dial.), a small meal or portion of food taken in the early morning, before the regular breakfast; dew-board, a board used as a cover to keep off the dew; dew-cap (see quot.); dew-drink (see quot., and cf. dew-bit); † dew-hopper, a name for the hare (see deuding); † dew-pear, name of a delicate kind of pear (obs.); † dew-piece Sc. = dew-bit; dew-plant, (a) a name for the ice-plant (Mesembryanthemum), and for the sundew (Drosera); (b) a plant nourished with dew (nonce-use); dew-ripen v. = dew-ret; dew-shoe, translation of ON. döggskor (see quot.); dew-stone, ‘a species of limestone, found in Nottinghamshire, which collects a large quantity of dew on its surface’ (O.).
1824Shelley Witch xvi, Woven from *dew-beams while the moon yet slept.
1863Barnes Dorset Gloss., *Dew-bit, the first meal in the morning, not so substantial as a regular breakfast. Also in Berksh., Hampsh., W. Somerset Gloss.
1800R. Warner Walk West. Count. 64 [We] were obliged to sleep for several weeks in the shell of the tenement, with no other covering (for it was not roofed) than a *dew-board.
1879Proctor Pleas. Ways Sc. xvi. 364 A cylinder of tin or card, called a *dew-cap, is made to project beyond the glass [of the telescope], and thus to act as a screen, and prevent radiation.
a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, *Dew-drink, the first allowance of beer to harvest men, before they begin their day's work.
1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 417 Tender or delicate peare..such as *dew peare.
1685Sinclair Satan's Invis. World (1769) 48 When I was eating my *due piece this morning.
1869Ruskin Q. of Air §81 You are to divide the whole family of the herbs of the field into three great groups—Drosidæ, Carices, Gramineæ—*dew-plants, sedges, and grasses. 1884Miller Plant-n., Dew-plant, Mesembryanthemum glabrum.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (1807) II. 218 What is called *dew ripen or ret the produce.
1880Stallybrass tr. Grimm's Teut. Mythol. I. 387 When the godlike Sigurðr strode through the..corn, the *dew-shoe of his seven-span sword was even with the upright ears. Note. Döggskôr, Sw. doppsko, the heel of the sword's sheath, which usually brushes the dew.
▪ II. dew, v.|djuː|
Forms: 3 dæwwenn, 4–5 dewen, (4 dewey), 5–7 dewe, (6–7 deaw), 6– dew.
[ME. dewen, in Ormin dæwwenn, implying an OE. *déawian (entered by Somner) = OFris. dawia (WFris. dauwjen), OS. *daujan (MDu. dauwen, LG. dauen), OHG. towôn, towên (MHG. touwen, Ger. thauen, tauen), ON. döggva (Sw. dagga):—OTeut. *dauwôjan, f. dauw- dew.]
†1. intr. To give or produce dew; impers. to fall as dew (cf. it rains, snows, etc.). Obs. or arch.
c1300[implied in dewing vbl. n.]. 1382Wyclif Isa. xlv. 8 Deweth ȝee heuenus fro aboue [1388 Sende ȝe out dew]. c1440Promp. Parv. 120 Dewyn or yeve dewe, roro. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 148 Rorate, dew heuens from aboue. 1552Huloet, Dew or droppe lyke dewe, roro. 1663in T. Birch Hist. R. Society I. 246 It did not dew upon those parts where trees lay buried under ground. 1726Nat. Hist. Irel. 93 It deweth exceedingly in the hot and dry countries.
†b. To distil or exude as dew. Obs.
1652Benlowes Theoph. Epistle, When This Manna dew'd from your inspired pen. Ibid. iv. xxv, Meat came from the Eater, from the strong did dew Sweetnesse.
2. trans. To wet with or as with dew; to bedew; to moisten.
c1200Ormin 13848 To wattrenn & to dæwwenn swa þurrh beȝȝske & sallte tæress þatt herrte. a1325Prose Psalter vi. 6 Ich shal dewey my couertour wyth min teres. 1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1560) F iij, Take a sponnefull of hote ashes, dewe them wyth good wyne. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 48 Overflowed all the fertile plaine, As it had deawed bene with timely raine. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 340 Giue me thy hand, That I may dew it with my mournfull teares. 1615Crooke Body of Man 821 To water or dew some partes that stoode need of moysture. 1680Otway Orphan ii. iv. 598 Cold sweat Dew'd all my face. 1821W. C. Wells Ess. Dew (1866) 7 Grass after having been dewed in the evening, is never found dry until after sunrise. 1830Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. ii. vi. (1838) 162 The cooling..of the body dewed. a1851Moir Castle of Time xxi, Moloch's monstrous shrines are dew'd with human blood.
b. fig. (Cf. ‘bedew’, ‘steep’ in fig. use.)
c1510Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) A iij, As fruitfull nutriment To dewe them in vertue, as plantes to augment. 1610G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. xxv, While deaw'd in heavie sleepe, dead Peter lies. a1631Donne Serm. cv. IV. 413 But infected and dewed with these frivolous, nay pernicious apparitions and revelations. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xxxi, Fairy strains of music fall, Every sense in slumber dewing. 1865Bushnell Vicar. Sacr. iii. iii. 233 Mercy..dewing it thus with her tender mitigations.
†3. To cause to descend or drop as dew; to distil, instil. Obs.
1572Forrest Theophilus in Anglia VII. 92 The devill in the harte of the busshoppe did dewe His divillishe stirringis. 1591Troub. Raigne K. John ii. (1611) 89 The heauens dewing fauours on my head. 1593Nashe Christ's T. (1613) 1 O dew thy spirit plentiful into my inke.
†4. intr. To become moist, to exude moisture.
1658A. Fox Wurtz' Surg. i. viii. 34 Wounds that are thus compelled to dew, will hardly come to healing.
Hence dewed, ˈdewing ppl. adjs.
1552Huloet, Dewed or wete wyth dewe, roratus. 1593Southwell Peter's Compl. 33 Dew'd eyes, and prostrate prayers. 1635Swan Spec. M. (1670) 101 Which can have no existence or being, but in a dewing or distilling cloud. 1830Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. ii. vi. (1838) 163 The cooling of the dewed surface by radiation.
▪ III. dew
obs. or dial. pa. tense of daw v.1
▪ IV. dew, dewfull
obs. ff. due, dueful. |