| 释义 |
▪ I. strew, n. rare.|struː|
[f. strew v.]
A number of things strewed over a surface or scattered about.
1578Banister Hist. Man i. 28 b, Brachiale..is to be vnderstanded the whole strewe, and packe of bones [L. totam eam ossium struem intelligi], intersited betwene the cubit, and Postbrachiale. 1657Bp. H. King Exequy Poems (1843) 34 And for sweet flowres to crown thy hearse, Receive a strew of weeping verse. 1891W. Whitman Autobiog. (1892) 204 There being quite a strew of printer's proofs and slips, and the daily papers. 1907‘Barbara Burke’ Barbara goes to Oxford 255, I have been sitting in a perfect strew of books and pamphlets and pictures.
▪ II. strew, v.|struː|
Also (now arch. and dial.) strow |strəʊ|. Pa. tense and pa. pple. strewed, strowed; pa. pple. also strewn, strown. Forms: α. 1 strewian, streowian, streawian, 3–7 strewe, 6–7 strue, 7 streaw, 6– strew. β. 4 strouwe, 4–7 strowe, 5 strowhe, 6 stroe, pa. tense strouit, 6– strow. γ. 6 stroye, 7 stroy. See also straw v.1
[Com. Teut. weak verb: OE. stręwian, streowian, streawian, corresponds (exc. for differences of conjugation) to OFris. strewa, OS. pa. tense pl. strôidun, streidun (MLG. strôien, streien), MDu. strôien (mod.Du. strooien), OHG. strouwen, strewen (MHG. ströuwen, mod.G. streuen), ON. strá (but MSw. ströa, Sw. strö, Da. strø, are from MLG.), Goth. (*straujan) pa. tense strawida, f. OTeut. root *strau-; the ulterior relations are uncertain, but most scholars assume some kind of connexion with the Indogermanic root *ster- (extended *strā-) in L. sternĕre, pa. pple. strātus: see stratum.
The OE. forms representing the orig. Teut. conjugation are: *stríeᵹan, etc. (see stray v.1) = Goth. straujan, and pa. tense stręwede = Goth. strawida. The original pres.-stem. in OE. (as in some other Teut. langs) was superseded by a new-formation after the pa. tense. Owing to the influence of the following w, the umlaut -ę became diphthongized, producing the forms streow-, streaw-. The OE. forms with ę or falling diphthong are represented by the α forms above, while streow- pronounced with a rising diphthong gave rise to the β forms. According to modern usage, the two spellings correspond to the two pronunciations; formerly, the spelling strew was often used where the rime was a word like so, and conversely strow riming with new etc.
The rare γ forms stroy(e are app. borrowed from or influenced by Du. strooien.
The pa. pple. is now most commonly strewn or strown in passive tenses, esp. where there is no distinct reference to an agent; and strewed, strowed in active tenses.]
1. trans. To scatter, spread loosely; to scatter (rushes, straw, flowers, etc.) on the ground or floor, or over the surface of something; to sprinkle (something granulated or in powder) over a surface.
α971Blickling Hom. 71 Sume naman þa twiᵹu of þæm treowum, & streowodan on þone weᵹ. a1300E.E. Psalter Ps. cxlvii. 16 Cloude als aske spredes [MS. E. strewes] he. c1320Sir Tristr. 2195 Meriadok dede floure bring And strewed it bi tvene. 1382Wyclif Matt. xxi. 8 Ful muche cumpanye strewiden her clothis in the wey. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xviii. 84 Þai take alde peper and stepez it and strewez apon it spume of siluer. 1592Kyd J. Brewen 105 Shee powred out a measse for him, and strewed secretly therein part of the poyson. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. iv. 61 Not a flower, not a flower sweete, On my blacke coffin let there be strewne [rime throwne]. 1608Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iv. iv. Decay 1153 One gobbet here, another there they streaw. 1656J. Smith Pract. Physick 128 The powder is strued into the Eye. 1675H. Woolley Gentlew. Comp. 140 Strew some Nutmeg thereon. 1773Boswell Johnson 19 Oct. (Tour Hebrides), Some good hay was strewed at one end of it [sc. the barn], to form a bed for us. 1826Art of Brewing (ed. 2) 162 If a few cloves..be strewed over the liquid sulphur. 1841Dickens Barn. Rudge xxxix, The newspapers which were strewn upon the table. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. v. 38 The roof strewed itself in ruins upon the floor.
βc1385Chaucer L.G.W. 101 [= 207], I bad hem strowe [v.r. strawe] flouris on myn bed. 1402Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 110 The presciouse perlis ȝe strowun to hogges. 1530Palsgr. 741/1, I strowe spyces apon meates, or floures apon a place..je surseme. 1551Turner Herbal i. 5 This herbe..strowene in the bedde,..driueth serpentes awaye. 1584Cogan Haven Health xc. 81 marg., Damask powder..to stroe among clothes. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 197 A small Altar..on which they strow flesh and flowres. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 428 Sweet Flow'rs are strow'd Beneath his Body. 1727Swift Desire & Possess. 36 Possession kept the beaten Road; And gather'd all his Brother strow'd. 1815Byron Destr. Sennacherib ii, Like the leaves of the forest when Autumn hath blown, That host on the morrow lay wither'd and strown. 1864Tennyson En. Ard. 501 These be palms Whereof the happy people strowing cried ‘Hosanna in the highest!’ 1870Bryant Iliad ii. 517 When they had prayed And strown the salted meal.
absol.1535Coverdale Matt. xxv. 24 Thou..gatherest where thou hast not strowed. [Ibid. 26 Where I strawed not.]
b. with adv., as on, in, about, † abroad, around.
c1440Promp. Parv. 480/2 Strowyn a-brode, or scateryn, spergo. c1440Pallad. on Husb. xii. 589 Strowe on origan. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 461 b, marg., Libelles strowed about in London. 1591A. W. Bk. Cookrye 33 Then strew on sugar vpon it. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. vii. 76 And lavish Nature laughs, and strows her Stores around. a1756E. Haywood New Present (1771) 47 Strew in a little salt and pepper. 1820Scott Monast. viii, Looking at the leaves which lay strewed around. 1870Dickens E. Drood ii, Their fallen leaves lie strewn thickly about.
c. transf. and fig.
1382Wyclif Isa. xiv. 11 Vnder thee strouwed shal be a moȝte [Vulg. subter te sternetur tinea]. 1535Coverdale Ezek. xx. 23 That I wolde scatre them amonge the Heithen, and strowe them amonge the nacions. 1602Chettle Hoffman iii. (1631) E 1, The cleare moone strowes siluer in our path. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. i. iii. 15 For so I haue strewd it in the common eare, And so it is receiu'd. 1731–8Swift Pol. Conversat. Introd. 23 Excepting a small Number [of cant words] strewed here and there in the Comedies of that Age. 1750Gray Elegy 83 And many a holy text around she strews. 1823Baroness Bunsen in Hare Life I. vi. 210 The torches were so thinly strewed, that..the procession seemed to be groping its way in the dark. 1837–42Tennyson St. Agnes' Eve 28 All heaven bursts her starry floors, And strows her lights below. 1848T. Rickman Styles Archit. Eng. 212 The Tudor flower..profusely strewed over the roofs, &c. of rich late buildings.
†d. To spread out to view, display. poet. Obs.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. July 75 Of Synah can I tell thee more,..But little needes to strow my store, Suffice this hill of our.
2. To cover (the ground, a floor, any surface) with something loosely scattered or sprinkled.
13..K. Alis. 1026 (Laud MS.) Of Olyue, & of muge floures Weren ystrewed halle & boures. 1375Barbour Bruce xiv. 304 Of wapnys, armyng, and ded men The feld wes haly strewit then. 1382Wyclif Mark xiv. 15 He schal shewe to ȝou a greet souping place strewid [Vulg. cenaculum grande stratum]. 1480in Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæol. Jrnl. (1913) Oct. 84 For strewyng the church for ii yeres.., iij s iiii d. 1594Chapman Shadow of Nt. B iij, My funerall bed, Strewed with the bones and relickes of the dead. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 439 The Inwards and thir Fat, with Incense strew'd. c1770H. Glasse Compl. Confectioner 11 Strew it with fine powder sugar. 1788Cowper Negro's Compl. 34 Wild tornadoes, Strewing yonder sea with wrecks. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxxii, The floor was already strewn with weary sleepers. 1885M. E. Braddon Wyllard's Weird I. i. 13 He had strewed the carriage with newspapers and magazines.
β13..Coer de L. 3735 Ladyes strowe here boures With rede roses, and lylye flowres. 1375Barbour Bruce xvi. 633 All the feldis strowit war Of Ingliss men that slayn wes thar. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 14673 Placys ful off old ordure I kan strowhe with Rosshys grene, That ther ys no ffelthe sene. c1450Merlin xviii. 294 All the feilde was strowed full of deed men and horse. 1530Palsgr. 741/1 Strowe al your chamber with carpettes agaynst the kyng come. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 389 All the ground With shiverd armour strow'n. 1697Dryden æneis vi. 1225 Let me with Fun'ral Flowers his Body strow. 1711Addison Spect. No. 44 ⁋5 It is indeed very odd, to see our Stage strowed with Carcases in the last Scene of a Tragedy. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xi. III. 62 The mightiest enemy that had threatened our island since the Hebrides were strown with the wrecks of the Armada. 1859Tennyson Enid 874 The marble threshold..strown With gold and scatter'd coinage.
γ1647Hexham i. s.v. Rush, To stroy with rushes, met biesen bestroyen.
b. with over.
1540Palsgr. Acolastus ii. iii. L j, The soppe made of breade..strowyd ouer wyth harde chese and pepper. 1604Marston Malcont. ii. iv. D 1 b, Indian Eringos, strow'd ouer with the powder of Pearle of America. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 129 O, these I lacke, To make you Garlands of, and my sweet friend, To strew him o're and ore. 1627Hakewill Apol. (1630) 390 The very floore was strowed over with saffron. 1640T. Brugis Marrow of Physicke ii. 153 Strewe it over with powdered Sugar. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 28 In the course of three days the place was strewn over with the killed.
c. transf. and fig.
1390Gower Conf. II. 103 The chambre is strowed up and doun With swevenes many thousendfold. 1671Milton P.R. iv. 334 All our Law and Story strew'd With Hymns. 1714Macky Journ. Eng. (1724) I. 52 Between those Towns and Newberry the Country is finely strow'd with Gentlemen's Seats. 18..R. Jebb Law in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 703/1 His path, at every turn, has been strewed with multi⁓form difficulties. 1879A. R. Wallace Australasia xi. 219 The coast is thickly strewn with islands.
†d. to strew out: ? to intersperse with. Obs.
1626B. Jonson Staple of N. iii. ii, I was bespeaking but a parcell of newes, To strewe out the long meale withall. a1637― Underwoods lxv, I have no portion in them, nor their deale Of newes they get, to strew out the long meale.
3. To be spread or scattered upon (a surface).
α1596Spenser Prothal. 40 The snow which doth the top of Pindus strew, Did neuer whiter shew. a1618Sylvester Hymn of Alms 518 The fresh and fruitfull Deaw, Which every morning Flora's Buds doth streaw. 1697Dryden æneis ix. 906 Heaps of spent Arrows fall; and strew the Ground. 1792S. Rogers Pleas. Mem. i. 17 The mouldering gateway strews the grass-grown court. 1816Byron Siege Cor. xiii, Where thousand sleepers strew'd the strand. 1850Hannay Singleton Fontenoy iii. vii, The latest magazines and novels..strewed the table. 1893D. J. Rankin Zambesi Basin viii. 135 The boulders that strewed the mountain-side.
β1513Douglas æneis viii. xii. 110 Befor the altaris..The brytnit beistis strowit all the ground. 1587Marlowe 1 Tamb. iii. iii. 1313 Their bodies strowe the field. 1667Milton P.L. i. 302 Thick as Autumnal Leaves that strow the Brooks In Vallombrosa. 1733Pope Ess. Man iii. 37 Is thine alone the seed that strows the plain? 1786Burns Raving Winds 2 Yellow leaves the woodlands strowing. 1880W. Watson Prince's Quest (1892) 104 The light o' the stars that strow the Milky-way.
†b. Of an individual: To lie dead upon (the ground). poet. Obs.
c1611Chapman Iliad xiii. 742 Thou, (If thou dar'st stand this lance) the earth before the ships shalt strow.
4. a. To spread (a cloth or the like) as a covering. b. To cover (a bed) with a coverlet. c. To make or lay (a bed). rare.
1615Chapman Odyss. xiv. 69 Of Osiers [he] spred A thickned hurdle; on whose top, he strow'd A wilde Goats shaggy skin. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 18 A Cott or Bed strewed with a Quilt. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xxxi, Hands unseen thy Couch are strewing.
5. To level with the ground, lay low, throw down, prostrate. Also with down. Chiefly poet.
c1460Towneley Myst. vii. 194 Shall nothyng here in erth be kend, Bot it shall be strewyd and brend, All waters and the see. 1513Douglas æneis xii. vi. 47 Down strowand eik vnder fut in the plane Diuers otheris ȝit thrawand and half slane. 1621R. Brathwait Time's Curtain drawn B 1, Yet would that God of hosts, thy power confound, And strow thy slaughterd corps vpon the ground. a1639Sir H. Wotton Parall. Essex & Buckhm. (1641) 12 About sixescore of their two hundred horse [were] strewed upon the Sand. 1663Butler Hud. i. ii. 917 He spying Hudibras lye strow'd Upon the ground, like log of Wood. 1785Burns To Mouse iv, Thy wee-bit housie, too, in ruin! It's silly wa's the win's are strewin! 1847Tennyson Princess vi. 26 They mark'd it with the red cross to the fall, And would have strown it, and are fall'n themselves.
†b. refl. To spread out one's limbs. poet. Obs.
1610G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. ii. ii, Soone did the Ladie to her Graces crie, And on their wings her selfe did nimbly strowe.
6. To level, calm (stormy waves); to allay (a storm). poet. Cf. L. sternere aequor.
1594Lodge & Greene Looking-Gl. Lond. (1598) A 4, Neptune on the Seas, Whose frowne stroyes [Dyce strows] all the Ocean with a calme. 1875Tennyson Q. Mary i. v, God lay the waves and strow the storms at sea..! 1884― Freedom ix, How long thine ever-growing mind Hath still'd the blast and strown the wave.
Hence strewed, strewn ppl. adjs.
Chiefly in comb. as health-strewed, leaf-strewn.
1603E. Fairfax Eclogue iv. 1 in Mrs. Cooper Muses Libr. (1737) I. 364 The rough and Heath-strewed Wilderness. 1697Dryden æneis xi. 98 The Body on this rural Hearse is born, Strewd Leaves and Funeral Greens the Bier adorn. 1730–46Thomson Autumn 955 These now the lonesome Muse, Low-whispering, lead into their leaf-strown walks. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iii. v, Monsieur..is met with vivats and strewed flowers. 1847Disraeli Tancred iv. iv, The twilight descended over the rocky city,..and its strewn remains of palaces and theatres. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right xliv, Endless flower-strewn plains. |