| 释义 |
▪ I. strict, a.|strɪkt|
Forms: 6 stryckt, 6–7 strickt, stricte, 7 (8–9 dial.) strick, 6– strict.
[ad. L. strict-us drawn together, tight, severe, rigid, pa. pple. of stringĕre to draw or bind tight. Cf. F. strict (18th c.), and see strait a.]
I. Physical senses. Cf. strait a. I.
1.
†a. Drawn or pressed tightly together; tight, close. Obs.
1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 874 She wildly breaketh from their strict imbrace. 1615Crooke Body of Man 925 Their [the Bones] Articulations and Compositions many dissolute and laxe, many strict and close. 1694in Phil. Trans. XVIII. 17 Her Thighs, Leggs, and Feet were..so extreamly elevated with a watry Humour, that upon a strict impress I could have buried three or four Fingers. Ibid. 43 A fresh Flux of Blood happened, and strict Bandage was applied. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull iii. App. iii, The fatal Noose perform'd its Office, and with most strict Ligature, squeez'd the Blood into his Face. 1781Cowper Retirement 234 As woodbine weds the plant within her reach,..Strait'ning its growth by such a strict embrace.
quasi-adv.1650Bulwer Anthropomet. iv. (1653) 86 The Russian Ladies tie up their Foreheads so strict with fillets.
b. Stretched taut. rare—1.
1858W. H. Russell Diary India (1860) II. 207 We sat and listened to the rain falling on the strict canvas of the tents till dinner-time.
2.
†a. ‘Strung up’, tense; not slack or relaxed. Obs.
1578Banister Hist. Man vi. 86 This coate of the Testicle..sheweth the nature of a certaine strict, and long Muscle. 1731Arbuthnot Aliments vi. (1735) 157 We feel our Fibres grow strict or lax, according to the State of the Air.
b. Of frost: Keen, hard. rare—1.
1893Stevenson Catriona xxviii, Late in the night, in a strict frost, and my teeth chattering, I..considered [etc.].
3. a. Restricted as to space or extent; narrow, drawn in. Cf. strait a. 2–4. Now rare or Obs.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 50 b, The Breaste being anguste and stricte. 1603B. Jonson Entert. Queen & Prince at Althrope 13 And when slow Time hath made you fit for war, Looke ouer the strict Ocean, and thinke where You may but leade us forth. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 214 In ulcers and fistula's scarce a better medicine is found, to enlarge a strict orifice. 1675R. Burthogge Causa Dei 36, I am apt to think that Hell is of a Vast Extent, and that the bounds and limits of it, are not so strict and narrow, as the most imagine. 1828Wordsw. Power of Sound i, Strict passage, through which sighs are brought. 1897F. Thompson New Poems 68, I, the boundless strict savannah Which God's leaping feet go through.
†b. Of handwriting: Compressed. Obs.
1648E. Sparke Shute's Sarah & Hagar Ep. Ded., Penned in so diminutive a Letter, writ in so strict an Hand, (the wonder of Youth to read, much more of Age to write it).
4. Straight and stiff. Obs. exc. Bot. and Zool. (see quots.).
1592R. D. Hypnerotomachia 27 The Chapters which stood vpon their strict and vpright Antes. [1793Martyn Lang. Bot., Strictus, stiff and straight. Strict will not do in English, and I do not recollect that we have any one word to express this idea.] 1857A. Gray First Less. Bot. 232 Strict, close and narrow; straight and narrow. 1870Hooker Stud. Flora 328 Euphorbia exigua..branches 6–15 in., erect and strict, or prostrate curved and ascending. 1891Century Dict. s.v., The strict stem of some corals.
II. Figurative senses.
5. a. Of personal relations, alliance, etc.: Close, intimate. Now rare or Obs.
1600Marston etc. Jack Drums Entert. iii. (1601) F 2 b, By that strickt bond of loue that lincks our hearts. 1611Sir D. Carleton Let. 7 Sept. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 533 There is now notoriously discovered a stricte intelligence between y⊇ Spaniards and the Albanesi. 1677Sir R. Southwell in Essex Papers (Camden) II. 110 A new address to his Majesty for entring into a stricter Confederation with the Allies. 1719–20Steele Theatre No. 12 ⁋6 There never was a more strict friendship than between those Gentlemen. 1834De Quincey Autob. Sk. Wks. 1854 II. 345 My intercourse with him was at no time very strict. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. I. 541 The ill concealed hostile disposition in which Don Juan Manuel had found the court of Rome..had been converted into the strictest union by his efforts.
†b. Of a council: Secret, privy. After F. conseil estroit (Cotgr.). Obs.
1606B. Barnes Offices i. 2 As at this day in Fraunce; where Les generalx des finances, & les presedents des accomptes, haue a prioritie..before both the Counsels strict and at large.
6. Of correspondence, agreement, or connexion between facts, ideas, etc.: Close, exactly fitting.
1715Atterbury Serm. (Matt. xxvii. 25) (1734) I. 124 Some Circumstances which shew how strict a Correspondence there was between their Crime and their Punishment. 1762Kames Elem. Crit. i. (1833) 20 Where ideas are left to their natural course, they are continued through the strictest connections. 1860Pusey Minor Proph. 38/2 The strictest explanation is the truest.
Comb. (quasi-adv.)1787Polwhele Engl. Orator iii. 675 Like the abstruser Rules Of Logic link'd by strict-connecting Chain.
†7. Restricted or limited in amount, meaning, application, etc. Obs.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lviii. §2 Definitions, whether they be framed larger to augment, or stricter to abridge the number of sacraments. 1611Shakes. Cymb. v. iv. 17 To satisfie If of my Freedome 'tis the maine part, take No stricter render of me, then my All. 1620T. Granger Div. Logike 336 Here the predicate is more strict in signification then the subiect. 1737Waterland Eucharist 42 The Word Sacrament is of great Latitude, and capable of various Significations, (some stricter and some larger).
8. a. Accurately determined or defined; exact, precise, not vague or loose. † Of particulars: Enumerated or described in exact detail.
1631Milton Sonn. ii. 10 It shall be still in strictest measure eev'n To that same lot. 1658Sir T. Browne Hydriot. ii. 6 Though we meet not with such strict particulars of these parts, before the new Institution of Constantine. 1692Atterbury Serm. (Ps. l. 14) (1726) I. 13 According to the strict Import of the Word. 1760Cautions & Adv. to Officers of Army 130 He may in a stricter Sense be called, The Officer of the Day than of the Guard. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages viii. iii. (1819) III. 273 These [lieutenancies] do not however bear a very close analogy to regencies in the stricter sense, or substitutions during the natural incapacity of the sovereign. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. i. ii, If the very Rocks and Rivers (as Metaphysic teaches) are, in strict language, made by those Outward Senses of ours. 1875E. White Life in Christ iv. xxiv. (1876) 394 Public legislative documents, in which important words are to be always taken in their strictest and most direct definition.
b. With defining word: Restricted to the exact use or definition indicated by the word.
1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 23 The fruit, in a strict botanical sense, is the mature pistillum. 1891Century Dict., Strict 8. Restricted; taken strictly, narrowly, or exclusively: as, a strict generic or specific diagnosis.
c. Of a calculated or measured result: Precise, exact; opposed to approximate.
1791Smeaton Edystone L. (1793) §261 note, The masons were employed in reducing the whole area of the work to a strict level.
d. Law. strict settlement: see quot. 1841.
1710T. Vernon Chanc. Cases (1728) II. 659 By Proof it appears a strict Settlement was intended. 1791C. Fearne Contingent Remainders (ed. 4) I. 129 The limitation to her [the wife] for life, and a subsequent one to the heirs of her body by the husband have been decreed to operate by way of strict settlement. 1835Tomlins' Law Dict. II. 3 Q. s.v. Remainder, In these strict settlements, the estate is unalienable till the first son attains the age of twenty-one. 1841H. J. Stephen Comm. Laws Eng. i. vii. I. 307 When land is settled..by a limitation to the parent for life, and after his death to his first and other sons in tail, and trustees are interposed to preserve the contingent remainders, this is called a strict settlement.
e. Logic. strict implication: a relationship holding between propositions in which it is impossible for the antecedent to be true and the consequent false. Cf. material implication s.v. material a. 2 b.
1912C. I. Lewis in Mind XXI. 526 Intensional disjunction bears the same relation to inferential or ‘strict’ implication that extensional disjunction bears to the algebraic or ‘material’ implication. 1933C. A. Mace Princ. Logic iv. 68 This is clearly a different sense of implies, and is sometimes called strict implication. 1947H. Reichenbach Elem. Symbolic Logic viii. 379 The calculus of strict implication..constitutes a system of this kind. 1977Fontana Dict. Mod. Thought 206/1 The systems of strict implication are the basis of contemporary modal logic.
9. Of confinement or imprisonment: Rigorous; severely restricted in regard to space or liberty of movement.
1667Milton P.L. ii. 321 To remaine In strictest bondage. 1685in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 400 'Tis true our confinement is not strict. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) I. 397 Your brother shall be kept in strict custody. 1869A. Harwood tr. Pressensé's Early Yrs. Christ. ii. ii. 166 The captivity of the apostle became increasingly strict.
10. Of watch and ward, authority, discipline, obedience, etc.: Rigorously maintained, admitting no relaxation or indulgence.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. i. 71 This same strict and most obseruant Watch. 1613Beaum. & Fl. Philaster ii. i, What maister holds so strickt a hand ouer his boy, That he will part with him without one warning. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 783 Uzziel, half these draw off, and coast the South With strictest watch. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables liii. 54 A Prince's Leaving his Bus'ness Wholly to his Ministers with⁓out a Strict Eye over them in their Respective Offices. 1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 72 He keeps so strict a Hand over his Crew, that he won't suffer them to Keep one Holy-Day. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. xxix, [He] gave the second mate a caution to keep a strict guard over his tongue. 1838Thirlwall Greece xlii. V. 205 He..every where maintained strict discipline among his troops. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiii. III. 341 His temper was under strict government.
11. a. Of a law, ordinance, etc., or its execution: Stringent and rigorous in its demands or provisions, allowing no evasion.
1578Whetstone 2nd Pt. Promos & Cass. ii. v, Their crafte, they collour so, As styll they haue, stryckt lawe vpon their side. 1580E. Knight Trial Truth 5 There shall neede no such strickt order to mooue them therunto. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 903 Rather how hast thou yeelded to transgress The strict forbiddance..? 1699Evelyn Diary 24 Nov., To punish offenders and put the laws in more strict execution. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 499 During..the second stage of the disorder, though so strict a regimen is not necessary as in the first or inflammatory state, yet intemperance of every kind must be avoided. 1834James J. Marston Hall xi, The Duke had given him strict orders to follow my commands implicitly. 1835Thirlwall Greece vii. I. 290 From the beginning of their eighteenth year they were subjected to a stricter rule. 1913J. H. Morrison Trail Pioneers xiv. 65 This purdah system is strictest in the north,..but its baneful influence is felt all over India.
b. Of a legal instrument or provision: Stringent.
1739J. Richards Annuities on Lives 96 This is often the Case, let the Covenants of the Lease be ever so strict and binding.
c. quasi-adv.
1721Ramsay Scribblers Lashed 191 We order strict, that all refrain.
d. strict liability: a liability which does not depend upon intent to commit an offence.
1896Rep. Cases N.Y. Court of Appeals CLI. 142 The weight of the argument..is in favor of the rule of strict liability which requires a public official to assume all risks of loss. 1926Law Q. Rev. XLII. 51 The description of the rule in Rylands v. Fletcher as an example of absolute liability in tort is unhappy in view of some half dozen exceptions which are admitted as qualifications of it. ‘Strict liability’ seems to be a better term. 1935California Law Rev. May 431 Liability on the ground of nuisance should not be confused with the doctrine of absolute or strict liability for certain classes of lawful acts. 1945W. T. S. Stallybrass Salmond's Law of Torts (ed. 10) ii. 20 A period of strict liability, an ‘unmoral period, is succeeded by a period of fault liability, a moral’ period. 1953N.Y. Univ. Law Rev. XXVIII. 1076 The courts have made no inroads upon strict liability for damage done by animals ferae naturae, nor upon scienter liability. 1979Internat. Jrnl. Sociol. of Law Feb. 54 In short, by substantially removing the issue of intention from the crimes of employers, the 1844 Act took a substantial step towards the doctrine of strict liability.
12. a. Of an art or science, its procedure, etc.: Characterized by rigid conformity to rules or postulates.
1638Junius Paint. Ancients 31 Wee should not too much accustome our selves to a strict course of Imitation. a1677Barrow Expos. Creed (1697) 43 Which is a most reasonable proceeding and conformable to the method used in the strictest sciences. 1777Priestley Matt. & Spir. (1782) I. xx. 259, I do not..find the strict immaterial system in any writer earlier than our Sir Kenelm Digby. 1796Kollmann Ess. Mus. Harmony xv. 114 Of strict or free Imitation. 1834M. Somerville Connex. Phys. Sci. xiv. 109 It is proved..by strict mathematical reasoning, that [etc.]. 1861Paley æschylus (ed. 2) Persians 43 The penult should perhaps be long in strict prosody. 1869Ouseley Counterp. ii. 6 The only concords recognized in strict counter⁓point are the perfect octave [etc.]. 1873H. C. Banister Music (1889) 177 Imitation may be only of the general form of a passage..Or the intervals may be exactly imitated, which is termed Strict Imitation. 1880E. Gurney Power of Sound xix. 430 Greek iambic verse was less strict in this respect.
b. strict tempo: in Music, a strict and regular rhythm; freq. used attrib. with reference to a kind of ballroom dancing to music with such a rhythm.
1936F. G. Hawkes Studies in Time & Tempo vi. 35 If the proper rhythmical effect..is to be secured, the observance of accurate and strict tempo becomes an absolute necessity. 1958P. Gammond Decca Bk. Jazz xxv. 320 The vacuities of ‘strict tempo’ and the morbid sex neurosis of the modern ‘sob’ song. 1959F. Newton Jazz Scene xiii. 230 ‘Strict tempo’ dancing, the foundation of the mass ballroom vogue among the British working class,..grew in a direction diametrically opposed to jazz. 1961Listener 23 Nov. 887/2 A champion strict-tempo dancer. 1978F. Mullally Deadly Payoff vi. 81 Strict-tempo ballroom dancing: the slow foxtrot, the quickstep, the waltz. 1982Warner & Sandilands Women beyond Wire ii. 19 The strict-tempo orchestra which reeled off foxtrots and quicksteps.
13. a. Of a quality or condition, an attitude or line of action: Maintained to the full, admitting no deviation or abatement; absolute, entire, complete, perfect. (Cf. 15 b.)
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 165 O me, with what strict patience haue I sat, To see a King transformed to a Gnat? 1593― Rich. II, ii. i. 80 The pleasure that some Fathers feede vpon, Is my strict fast, I meane my Childrens lookes. 1607― Timon iii. v. 24 You vndergo too strict a Paradox, Striuing to make an vgly deed looke faire. 1663Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xxxix. (1687) 521 But that is no more than strict Justice exacts. 1753Richardson Grandison (1754) II. iii. 21 All this shall be mentioned to Lady D. in strict confidence. 1822Shelley Faust ii. 262 In truth, I generally go about In strict incognito. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xix. IV. 265 In his public acts he observed a strict neutrality. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. i. iii. I. 39 A pleasant attractive physiognomy; which may be considered better than strict beauty. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. x. 67 A man of the strictest prudence. 1898‘H. S. Merriman’ Roden's Corner xiv. 152, I should recommend a strict reticence on this matter. 1907J. A. Hodges Elem. Photogr. (ed. 6) 27 The observance of strict cleanliness.
b. Of truth, accuracy, etc.: Exactly and rigidly observed; exactly answerable to fact or reality.
1748W. Melmoth Fitzosborne Lett. lxi. (1749) II. 109, I may venture, however, to assert..that the Muses are, in strict truth, of heavenly extraction. 1821Scott Kenilw. i, I would not have you think all I said of him, even now, was strict gospel. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 80 Two prerogatives, of which the limits had never been defined with strict accuracy.
14. a. Rigorous and severe in rule and discipline, in administering justice, etc.; not lax or indulgent.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 204 (Qo.) This strict Court of Venice must needes giue sentence gainst the Merchant there. 1603― Meas. for M. i. ii. 186 Implore her in my voice, that she make friends To the strict deputie. 1621Fletcher Thierry & Theod. i. i, A Monasterie, A most strickt house; a house where none may whisper. 1697Dryden æneis vi. 582 Minos, the strict Inquisitor, appears. 1828Scott F.M. Perth ix, The King..ought to have been..liberal in rewarding services, strict in punishing crimes. 1832H. Martineau Hill & Valley iii. 31 Who was not remembered to have been particularly strict..about having the whole establishment in good order. 1850H. Melville White Jacket I. xxix. 191 Three of these officers..were strict disciplinarians. 1904F. D. How Six Great Schoolm. 253 He was extremely strict with the Masters in spite of the sympathy and kindness he showed them.
b. of fate, necessity.
1608Shakes. Per. iii. iii. 7 O your sweet Queene! that the strict fates had pleas'd, you had brought her hither to haue blest mine eies with her! 1667Milton P.L. vi. 869 But strict Fate had cast too deep Her dark foundations, and too fast had bound. Ibid. x. 131 But strict necessitie Subdues me, and calamitous constraint. 1700Dryden Cock & Fox 528 Not forc'd to Sin by strict necessity.
15. a. Of persons: Holding a rigorous and austere standard of living; stern to oneself in matters of conscience and morality.
[1578: cf. strictness 3.] 1614W. B. tr. Philos. Banq. (ed. 2) 105 They abstained from all flesh and wines..; nay, so strict they were, they seldom eate Bread. 1634Milton Comus 109 Strict Age, and sowre Severity. 1648Fairfax, etc. Remonstr. 21 Consciencious, strickt in manners, sober, serious. 1662in Verney Mem. (1907) II. 173 My sister says the queen is very hansom, and I hear very stricte in her carage. 1770Langhorne Plutarch, Cato Ynger. V. 49 The whole course of his life was strict and austere. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. iv, With a strict painful mind. 1860Thackeray Lovel vi. (1861) 237 My mother and sisters are dissenters, and very strict. I couldn't ask a party into my family who has been [on the stage]. 1894‘Mark Rutherford’ Cath. Furze I. vi. 98 On many points their ‘views’ were ‘strict’ —whatever that singular phrase may have meant.
Comb.1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. iv, A strict-minded, strait-laced man!
b. of virtue, chastity, etc. (Cf. 13.)
1589Warner Albion's Eng., æneidos 153 Greater is the wonder of your strickt chastity. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, v. iv. 67 Is all your strict precisenesse come to this? 1671Milton Samson 319 Against his vow of strictest purity. 1705S. Centlivre Gamester iii. (1708) 30 A Gentleman that plays is admitted every where—Women of the strictest Vertue will converse with him. 1905F. Harrison Chatham iv. 56 Pitt..was the statesman who finally established strict honour in the public service.
16. Undeviating in adherence to the principles or practice implied by the designation.
c1660in J. Morris Troub. Catholic Forefathers Ser. i. (1872) vi. 257 A good devout Sister, and very strict in regular observance. 1661in Extr. St. Papers rel. Friends. Ser. ii. (1911) 125 Persons of most exemplar regular Course of life..yet extreame strict to the rules of there profession. 1666E. Mountagu in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 8 If the young Lord was a strict and a grounded Papist. 1718Prior Poems Ded. (1905) p. xx, He was so strict an Observer of his Word, that no Consideration whatever, could make him break it. a1721― Vicar of Bray & Sir T. More (1907) 259 This Strict adherence to Truth. 1801J. Thomson Poems Sc. Dial. 81 To leave the Kirk ye surely mean, An' turn a strict Seceder clean. 1853Lytton My Novel i. ix, The Hazeldeans..were great sportsmen and strict preservers. 1861Contrib. Eccl. Hist. Connecticut 280 The new churches, called Separates, or, as they preferred, Strict Congregationalists. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. App. 653 The feeling on the subject among strict churchmen comes out very forcibly. 1884Earl Malmesbury Mem. Ex-Minister I. 14 Mr. Bowle was..a strict observer of saints' days and dates. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. I. i. v. 62 Every vote given by the members of the Commission was a strict party vote.
17. a. Of inquiry, investigation, inspection, observation, calculation, and the like: Characterized by close and unrelaxing effort, so as to let nothing escape notice.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 149 And I will call him to so strict account, That he shall render euery Glory vp. 1617L. Digges tr. Claudian's Rape Proserpine i. C 4, The god, vnto this vnexpected newes Gaue strict attention. 1696Tate & Brady Ps. cxxxix. 1 Thou, Lord, by strictest search hast known My rising up and lying down. 1699Flying Post 6–9 May 2/1 The Coroners Jury have..upon strict Inquiry found it was accidental. 1710Swift Examiner No. 17 ⁋2 Is he not severely us'd by the Ministry or Parliament, who yearly call him to a strict Account? 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 317 To take the strictest observation they could of the plain. 1726Swift Gulliver ii. i, Upon a strict review, I blotted out several passages. 1755J. Ellis Corallines 52 The Vesicles, on the strictest Examination, appear to have no Opening into them. 1839Dickens Nich. Nick. viii, Mrs. Squeers..instituted a stricter search after the spoon. 1855Orr's Circ. Sci., Inorg. Nat. 45 The knowledge of this fact soon leads to the more strict investigation of the nature of the deposits thus noticed.
b. with an agent-noun.
1668Hale Rolle's Abridgmt. Pref. 2 He was a strict Searcher and Examiner of businesses.
▪ II. strict
see strick a. |