| 释义 |
‖ diastole|daɪˈæstəʊliː|
[med.L., a. Gr. διαστολή a putting asunder, separation, expansion, dilatation, f. διαστέλλειν, f. διά asunder (dia-1) + στέλλειν to put, place, send, etc. Cf. F. diastole (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. Phys. The dilatation or relaxation of the heart or an artery (or other pulsating organ in some lower animals), rhythmically alternating with the systole or contraction, the two together constituting the pulse. (Formerly sometimes applied also to the dilatation of the lungs in inspiration.)
1578Banister Hist. Man vii. 93 Diastole [is] when the hart in his dilatation receiueth in of spirit. 1615Daniel Queen's Arcadia Poet. Wks. (1717) 187 The Systole and Dyastole of your Pulse Do shew your Passions most hysterical. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. Digress. 350 The Systole and Diastole of the Heart and Lungs, being very far from Synchronical. a1711Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 79 His Heart a sudden gentle opning feels; It seem'd no more by Systole compress'd, But in a fix Diastole at rest. 1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. I. v. 174 Nutrition seems carried on by a kind of systole and diastole, the sea water being alternately absorbed and rejected by the tubes composing the substance of the sponge. 1880Huxley Crayfish ii. 74 When the systole is over the diastole follows.
fig.1831Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. iii, As in longdrawn Systole and longdrawn Diastole, must the period of Faith alternate with the period of Denial. 1849De Quincey Eng. Mail-coach Wks. 1862 IV. 298 The great respirations, ebb and flood, systole and diastole, of the national intercourse. 1872Geo. Eliot Middlem. lxiii, There must be a systole and diastole in all inquiry.
2. Gr. and Lat. Prosody. The lengthening of a syllable naturally short.
1580Spenser To Master G.H. Wks. (Globe) App. ii. 709/1 Heaven being used shorte as one sillable, when it is in verse stretched out with a Diastole, is like a lame dogge that holdes up one legge. 1657J. Smith Myst. Rhet. 177. 1704 J. Harris Lex. Techn., Diastole..'Tis also the making long a Syllable which is naturally short.
3. Gr. Gram. A mark (originally semicircular) used to indicate separation of words; still occasionally used, in the form of a comma, to distinguish ὅ,τι, ὅ,τε, neut. of ὅστις, ὅστε, from ὅτι (that), ὅτε (when).
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. 1833E. Robinson tr. Buttman's Grk. Gram. 45 From the comma must be distinguished the Diastole or Hypodiastole—which serves more clearly to separate some short words connected with enclitics, in order that they may not be confounded with other similar words. |