| 释义 |
stringer|ˈstrɪŋə(r)|
Also 5 strenger, strynger, 6 -ar.
[f. string v. and n. + -er1.]
1. a. One who makes strings for bows. ? Obs.
1420in York Memor. Bk. ii. (Surtees) 122 Stryngers. Inprimis, pro bona regula..habenda in arte quadam, que vocatur stryngercrafte. 1541Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 9 §1 The Bowers, Fletchers, Stringers and Arrowehedmakers of this your Realme. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. ii. (Arb.) 110 Now what a stringe ought to be made on, whether of good hempe.., or of flaxe or of silke, I leaue that to the iugemente of stringers, of whome we muste bye them on. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 106/1 The Crest of the Bow-String Maker, commonly called the Stringers of the City of Chester.
b. The workman who fits a musical instrument (now esp. a piano) with strings.
1842Penny Mag. Apr. 173/1 The workmen called ‘stringers’ fix the proper strings to the proper pins. 1898Daily Chron. 14 Oct. 10/6 Pianoforte.—Stringer and chipper-up wanted.
2.
†a. One who winds thread on a bobbin. Obs.—0
b. One who threads (beads and the like) on a string. rare—0.
1598Florio, Accauigliatore, a stringer of silke. 1850Ogilvie, Stringer, one who arranges on a string, or thread; a bead or pearl stringer.
3. fig. One who strings words together. Also with together, up.
1774Univ. Mag. Apr. 189/1 When the stringer up of a love-song condescends to take the pen. 1829Blackw. Mag. XXVI. 915 Their great speakers were at best but stringers-together of good-for-nothing words. 1901R. Garnett Ess. xi. 313 A polisher and stringer of epigrammatic sayings.
†4. A fornicator, wencher. Obs.
App. the speaker's perversion of striker: see striker 2 d.
1611Beaum. & Fl. Knt. Burning Pestle i. (1613) B 4, Wife. A whoreson tyrant has ben an old stringer in's daies I warrant him.
5. Build., etc.
a. A horizontal member connecting uprights in a framework, supporting a floor, supporting or tying together a bridge, or the like; a tie or tie-beam.
1838Civil Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 150/1 These piles were connected on the inside by a pine stringer one foot square. 1893Scribner's Mag. June 697/1 A plank sidewalk resting on the ordinary stringers. 1940Sun (Baltimore) 24 May 19/5 The last span between piers 36 and 37 was closed today, engineers said, and work is being rushed on floor beams, stringers and decking. 1960[see cream-truck s.v. cream n.2 7]. 1976Columbus (Montana) News 24 June 6/6 The best method to improve the bridges is to install more stringers.
b. Shipbuilding. An inside strake of planking or plating, secured to the ribs and supporting the ends of the beams.
1830Hedderwick Mar. Archit. 130 Stringers, strakes of planks wrought round the inside at the height of the under side of the beams. 1842Civil Engin. & Arch. Jrnl. V. 394/2 The iron gunwale stringer is formed of plate 1/4 in. thick. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Stringers, a name sometimes applied to shelf-pieces... Also, heavy timber similarly carried round a ship to fortify her for special heavy service, as whaling, &c. 1874Thearle Naval Archit. 331 Stringers are of two kinds, viz., hold and deck stringers.
attrib.1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. ix. 161 All vessels to have stringer-plates upon the ends of each tier of beams. 1883Nares Constr. Ironclad 6 Stringer plates are used to strengthen the ship longitudinally. These are iron plates laid along the end of the deck beams, and fastened to them and the frames.
c. U.S. A longitudinal railway sleeper.
1848Rep. Comm. Patents 1847 (U.S.) 72 One patent has been granted for improvements in the rail, and the manner of fastening it to the stringers. 1881Le Conte Sight 142 Parallel lines of all kinds, such as railway stringers, bridge timbers, &c. 1902Munsey's Mag. XXVI. 601/2 The fuel consisted of parts of the Tarlac station house and some hard-wood stringers.
d. A string-piece supporting a staircase.
1883Law Rep. 8 Appeal Cases 450 Cutting a groove in the..wall, and inserting in it one of the wooden stringers supporting the stair.
e. The heavy squared timber carried along the edge of a wharf-front; cf. string-piece (string n. 32).
1899L. Becke in Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Dec. 2/1 Tom sat down on a wharf stringer, dangling his feet.
f. Aeronaut. A spanwise member of a wing, parallel to the spars, used to give lateral stiffness to the ribs; also, a longitudinal member of a fuselage, serving to reinforce and stiffen the skin and assisting it to carry direct load.
1918Flight 4 July 740/2 The main [wing] ribs consist of ply wood webs socketted into grooved spruce flanges, which are tapered off..except where they are met by a longitudinal stringer. 1920Ibid. 12 Aug. 879/2 To this main [fuselage] structure is added stringers which bring the outside form up to a streamline shape. 1928Chatfield & Taylor Airplane & its Engine xii. 212 As even the main ribs are very light, they must often be supported against tipping over sidewise. This is done by means of light wood stringers, which run parallel to the spars. 1932M. Langley Metal Aircraft Construction v. 113 The slightly curved contours of stringers may be achieved by rolling them to template immediately they come off the draw bench. 1945Aeroplane 17 Aug. 185/2 The multiplicity of stringers forms an impressive skeleton upon which a preformed skin is laid in large panels of over 30 ft. in length. 1961B. Fergusson Watery Maze vii. 160 This was Bachequero's first venture in anger since her conversion, and she was no doubt straining every plate and stringer to do herself credit. 1973‘A. Hall’ Tango Briefing ix. 111 The whole of the airframe began shivering as the stringers took the strain.
g. Surfing. (See quot. 1962.)
1962T. Masters Surfing made Easy 65 Stringers, pieces of wood laminated into the surfboard foam for decoration and rigidity. 1965J. Pollard Surfrider ii. 21 Those strips of wood used in foam boards to add lateral strength are called ‘stringers’. 1968W. Warwick Surfriding in N.Z. 16/3 Today about 50% of all surfboards are built with a centre stringer of either wood or fibreglass, whereas up to about 1966 nearly all boards had some kind of stringer.
6. Mining and Geol. A narrow vein of mineral traversing a mass of different material.
1874Raymond 6th Rep. Mines 32 This indicates that the present deposits are stringers or exflorescences [sic] of larger deposits. 1882Rep. Prec. Met. U.S. 275 In the main vein is found a stringer of silver nearly pure.
7. U.S. A stick or switch used to string fish on.
1893Outing XXII. 88/2 But, though he had several strikes, his stringer remained dry in his pocket.
8. pl. Handcuffs. slang.
1893Kipling Many Invent., My Lord the Elephant, The corp'ril of the gyard..unlocked my stringers, an' he sez: ‘If it comes to runnin', run for your life.’
9. = string n. 1 n. U.S. slang. rare.
1851T. A. Burke Polly Peablossom's Wedding 89 He never lacked assistance from his acquaintances whenever he had concocted a ‘stringer’.
10. Metallurgy. A microstructural feature consisting of a narrow vein of inclusion or alloy constituent oriented parallel to the direction of metal working.
1942C. G. Johnson Metallurgy (ed. 2) x. 187 Fig. 103 illustrates a slag stringer in steel that caused failure in the hardening operation. 1959Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXCI. 353/1 Forging draws out the carbides into long stringers running in the direction of hot working. 1976Sci. Amer. Nov. 106/3 The most significant difference between bending and stretching is the role of microscopic impurities or inclusions that are not metallic... During hot-rolling they become elongated into ‘stringers’.
11. A newspaper correspondent paid in proportion to the quantity of his published work (cf. string n. 17 b). Hence, a correspondent employed part-time; spec. one employed to report on events in a particular place. Also transf. Freq. attrib. orig. U.S.
1952Time 21 Jan. 7/1 Saporiti was in Portugal when he first started as a stringer (part-time correspondent) for Time in the spring of 1946. 1952Iowa Quest 31 Jan. 3 (heading) 11 students hold ‘stringer’ jobs. 1956Sun (Baltimore) 28 Aug. 4/6 Even the wire services used mainly stringer correspondents to cover trial. 1958Spectator 31 Oct. 570/2 A free-lance reporter (formerly a stringer for Confidential). 1962Rep. Comm. Broadcasting 1960 315/2 in Parl. Papers 1961–2 (Cmnd. 1753) IX. 259 Organisation of independent television news: camera crews and ‘stringer’ cameramen. 1970Radio Times 30 Apr. 10/4 Every weekday BBC radio puts out 5½ hours of news and current affairs programmes to Britain. It employs 17 full-time foreign corespondents and nearly 100 stringers, mostly newspapermen. 1973H. Trevelyan Diplomatic Channels vii. 116 They [sc. intelligence services] employ stringers to get caught and occasionally exchanged; but these are regarded by proper spies as an inferior form of life and are not admitted to the international spy confraternity. 1979E. Koch Good Night Little Spy viii. 65 He was a so-called ‘stringer’; he was not attached to any one newspaper and freelanced for several of them. |