| 释义 |
▪ I. dirge, n.|dɜːdʒ|
Forms: α. 3–7 (8–9 Hist.) dirige, (4–6 dir-, dyr-, der-, -ige(e, -yge, -ege, -egi, -egy, 6–7 dirigie). β. 6 Sc. dergie, (6– 8 dregy, dredgy, drudgy), 7 dirgie, 7–8 dirgee. γ. 4 derge, 5 derche, dorge, 5–6 dyrge, 6– dirge.
[Originally dirige, the first word of the Latin antiphon Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in conspectu tuo viam meam ‘Direct, O Lord, my God, my way in thy sight’, taken from Psalm v. 8.]
1. In the Latin rite: The first word of the antiphon at Matins in the Office of the Dead, used as a name for that service; sometimes extended to include the Evensong (Placebo), or, according to Rock, also the Mass (Requiem).
a1225Ancr. R. 22 Efter euesong anonriht siggeð ower Placebo eueriche niht hwon ȝe beoð eise; bute ȝif hit beo holiniht vor þe feste of nie lescuns þet kumeð amorwen, biuore Cumplie, oðer efter Uhtsong, siggeð Dirige, mit þreo psalmes, and mit þreo lescuns eueriche niht sunderliche..et Placebo ȝe muwen sitten vort Magnificat, and also et Dirige. c1320Sir Beues 2902 Beues is ded in bataile Þar fore..Hit is Beues dirige! 1350Eng. Gilds (1870) 35 He ssal sende forthe þe bedel to alle þe breþeren and þe systeren, þat þey bien at the derge of þe body. 1408E.E. Wills (1882) 15 Brede & Ale to Spende atte my dyryge. c1420Chron. Vilod. 2170 He continuede algate..In doyng of masse, of derche, & of almys-dede. 1494in Eng. Gilds (1870) 191 When any Broder or Suster of this Gilde is decessed oute off this worlde..y⊇ Steward of this Gilde shall doo Rynge for hym, and do to say a Placebo and dirige, wt a masse on y⊇ morowe of Requiem. 1537Wriothesley Chron. (1875) I. 71 Allso a solempne dirige songen in everye parishe churche in London. 1539Bp. Hilsey Manual of Prayers in Three Primers Hen. VIII 407 Of those old Jewish customs hath there crept into the church a custom to have a certain suffrages for the dead, called Dirige, of Dirige, the first anthem hereof; but by whom or when these suffrages were made, we have no sure evidence. Ibid. 408 For this only cause have I also set forth in this Primer a Dirige; of the which the three first lessons are of the miseries of mans life; the middle of the funeral of the dead corpse; and the last three are of the last resurrection. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 453 They whilome used..to say..Their Diriges, their Trentals, and their shrifts. 1642Rogers Naaman 165 Give moneyes and yearly gifts to a Priest to read Masse or Dirigies for the weale of his soule after his decease. a1654Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 88 The Priest said Dirgies, and twenty Dirgies at fourpence a piece comes to a Noble. 1711C.-M. Lett. to Curat 7 This Primer consisted of the very same parts that the Popish Primer does, viz. of Mattins..Dirige..and such other Ecclesiastical Jargon. 1846–7W. Maskell Mon. Rit. II. 111 note, The Office of the Dead (or Dirge), consisted of two parts: the Evensong or Vespers: and the Matins. 1849Rock Ch. of Fathers II. 503 As the first anthem at matins commenced with Dirige..the whole of the morning's service, including the Mass, came to be designated a Dirige or Dirge. 1875J. T. Fowler in Ripon Ch. Acts (Surtees) 83 note, The ‘Vigiliæ Mortuorum’..consisting of Vespers, called ‘Placebo’..and Matins, called ‘Dirige’, from its first antiphon, ‘Dirige Domine’, etc.
2. transf. A song sung at the burial of, or in commemoration of, the dead; a song of mourning or lament. Also fig.
1500–20Dunbar Dregy 111 Heir endis Dunbaris Dergy to the King, bydand to lang in Stirling. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1612 And now this pale swan in her watery nest Begins the sad dirge of her certain ending. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 228 Most memorable battels; as when Crassus lost his life, Valerian and others, occasioning those dirgees of the Roman Poets. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. 297 Musick, which in some sort sung her own Dirige..at the dissolution of Abbies. 1713Pope in Guardian No. 40 In another of his pastorals, a shepherd utters a dirge not much inferior to the former. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles ii. i, Let mirth and music sound the dirge of Care! 1819Shelley Ode West Wind ii. 9 Thou dirge Of the dying year. 1832H. Martineau Ireland iv. 65 The waves..renewed their dirge with every human life that they swept away. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid vi. 220 Dirge at an end, the departed is placed in the funeral bed.
3. A funeral feast or carouse; cf. dirge-ale in 4; quot. 1408 in 1. (Sc.)
c1730Burt Lett. N. Scotl. (1754) I. 268–9 (Jam.) Wine is filled about as fast as it can go round; till there is hardly a sober person among them..This last homage they call the Drudgy [read Dredgy], but I suppose they mean the Dirge, that is, a service performed for a dead person. a1750in Herd Collect. Sc. Songs (1776) II. 30 (Jam.) But he was first hame at his ain ingle-side, And he helped to drink his ain dirgie.
4. attrib. and Comb., as dirge-man, dirge-mass, dirge-note, dirge-priest; dirge-like adj.; also dirge-ale, an ale-drinking at a funeral (cf. quot. 1408 in 1); dirge-groat, -money, money paid for singing the dirge.
1587Harrison England ii. i. (1877) i. 32 The superfluous numbers of..church-ales, helpe-ales, and soule-ales, called also *dirge-ales..are well diminished.
1564Becon Displaying Popish Mass Prayers, etc. (1844) 258 Have ye not well deserved your *dirige-groat and your dinner? 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. III. xii. 114 The priests did not seldom quarrel with their parishioners for..dirge-groats and such like: for that was the usual reward for singing mass for a soul.
1561Bp. Parkhurst Injunctions, Whether they vse to sing any nomber of psalmes, *dirige lyke at the buryall of the dead? 1827Keble Chr. Year Restoration iii, One dirge-like note Of orphanhood and loss. 1862Lytton Str. Story II. 91 Other dogs in the distant village..bayed in a dirge-like chorus.
1824J. Symmons æschylus' Agamemnon 99 Why for Loxias woe, woe, woe? He has no *dirgemen.
1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) III. 544 To say a *Dirge Mass after the old custom, for the Funeral of King Edward.
1564Brief Examinat. ******, You can be content *Dirige money be conuerted to preachynges.
a1835Mrs. Hemans Swan & Skylark Poems (1875) 553 The *dirge-note and the song of festival.
154.Def. Priests' Marriage 24 (Strype Mem. I. lii. 393) Mass-priests, *dirige-priests, chantry-priests, sacrificing-priests.
▪ II. dirge, v. rare.
[f. prec. n.]
a. trans. To sing a dirge over, commit with a dirge.
a1845Hood Loss Pegasus ii, Dirged by Sea Nymphs to his briny grave! ― She is far fr. Land 62 Waves over⁓surging her, Syrens a-dirgeing her.
b. To sing as a dirge.
1895Punch 5 Oct. 162/2 They might all dirge in chorus the old duet of ‘Again we come to thee, Savoy’.
c. intr. To utter a dirge.
1907C. E. Mulford Bar-20 xxi. 206 Shortly afterward the mournful cry of a whip-poor-will dirged out on the early morning air. 1921Chambers's Jrnl. 211/2 The dead tops of the Gwynfrwyn trees were swaying and dirging dismally.
▪ III. dirge(e
var. durzee. |