| 释义 |
▪ I. discard, v.|dɪˈskɑːd|
[f. dis- 7 c + card n.; cf. OF. descarter (see decard); Sp., Pg. descartar (Minsheu 1599), It. scartare (for *discartare) ‘to discard at cards’ (Florio 1598).]
trans.
1. Cards. To throw out or reject (a card) from the hand. Also absol.
In whist, etc., applied to the action of playing a card from one of the two remaining suits when not able to follow the lead and not trumping.
1591Florio 2nd Fruites 69 Let vs agree of our game..goe to, discarde. 1680Cotton Gamester in Singer Hist. Cards 265 By discarding the eights, nines, and tens, there will remain thirteen cards. 1744Hoyle Piquet 49 After he has discarded he cannot alter his discard. 1816Singer Hist. Cards 238 The player..discards three inferior cards. 1862Cavendish Whist (1879) 93 You weaken a suit by discarding from it. 1870Hardy & Ware Mod. Hoyle, Whist 8.
2. To cast off, cast aside, reject, abandon, give up.
1598Florio, Dare nelle scartate..to fall among ill companie, as a man would say among such as are discarded from others. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1206, I was very much angry and offended that I was so discarded and left out. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 81 Sentiments of shame and honesty..are quite discarded by the Muscovites. 1727Swift Let. on Eng. Tongue Wks. 1755 II. i. 191 Many gross improprieties, which however authorised by practice..ought to be discarded. 1764Reid Inquiry ii. §6. 109 They discarded all secondary qualities of bodies. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. x. 87 He had displeased his friends, and had been discarded in disgrace. 1856Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. I. i. 25 We have..discarded our faith in astrology and witches. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 200 It is generally so warm that the miners are glad to discard most of their clothing.
†b. To cast or force away (from another). rare.
1596Spenser F.Q. v. v. 8 He that helpe [i.e. her shield] from her against her will discarded.
†c. To divest, rid, or free (any one) of; also refl. Obs. rare.
1656S. Holland Zara (1719) 73 The more peaceful Souls [are] discarded of their Anxieties. 1732Gentleman Instructed (ed. 10) 293 (D.), I only discard myself of those things that are noxious. Ibid. 492 (D.) The old man's avarice discarded him of all the sentiments of a parent.
3. To dismiss from employment, service, or office; to cashier, discharge.
a1586Sidney (J.), These men..were discarded by that unworthy prince, as not worthy the holding. 1688Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) I. 472 A soldier haveing spoken base words..was whipt, and the next day..dis-carded. 1712Swift Jrnl. to Stella 9 Jan., My man..is a sad dog; and the minute I come to Ireland I will discard him. 1858Buckle Civiliz. (1873) II. viii. 573 Having discarded the able advisers of his father, he conferred the highest posts upon men as narrow and incompetent as himself.
†b. With double object: To dismiss or banish (a person) from (a place). Obs.
1650W. Brough Sacr. Princ. (1659) 66 Lest I be disgraced and discarded Thy Palace and Presence for ever. 1670Walton Lives i. 48 A Person of Nobility..was at this very time discarded the Court, and justly committed to prison.
▪ II. diˈscard, n.
[f. prec. vb.]
1. Cards.
a. The act of discarding or rejecting a card from the hand.
b. The card so rejected.
1744[see discard v. 1.] 1778C. Jones Hoyle's Games Impr., Piquet 119 In order to capot the Elder-hand, you are to make a deep Discard, such as the Queen, Ten, and Eight of a Suit. 1876A. Campbell-Walker Correct Card Gloss., Discard, the card you play when you cannot follow suit, and do not trump it. 1878H. H. Gibbs Ombre 22 Having placed his discard on the pool dish, he takes from the Stock a number equal to his discard. 1885Proctor Whist viii. 92 Your original discard indicates your shortest suit if trump strength is not declared against you.
c. gen. The fact of being discarded; dismissal. Also, the act of dismissing or abandoning.
1782L. L. Dalrymple Jrnl. 12 Oct. in E. V. Mason Jrnl. Young Lady Virginia (1871) 29 Nancy had an admirer lately... He got his discard yesterday. 1906Daily Chron. 29 Sept. 5/4 ‘The Chief's’ sudden discard of South Africa and adoption of Protection under the name of Tariff Reform.
2. a. That which is discarded, an offcast.
1892Stevenson Across the Plains 297 In the brothel the discard of society. 1926Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXIII. 76 The charts show the results of the analyses..throughout the section of the ingot, after the removal of the top and bottom end discards. 1943E. H. Thompson A.L.A. Gloss. Library Terms 47/2 Discard, a book officially withdrawn from a library collection because it is unfit for further use or is no longer needed. 1949R. T. Rolfe Dict. Metallogr. (ed. 2) 62 Crop, crop end or discard, the end (or ends) of an ingot cut off and discarded, as containing the central pipe or other defects. 1955W. W. Denlinger Complete Boston ii. 65 The litter should be looked over carefully for possible defectives and discards. 1967Times Rev. Industry Aug. 36/1 Using the discard of coal preparation plants to make lightweight concrete or building blocks.
b. Fig. phr. (in)to the discard: into oblivion or disuse.
1905Smart Set Oct. 14/1 I'm much obliged to the lady; but she goes to the discard, too. 1927H. E. Fosdick Pilgr. Palestine 260 One surely does not mean to sweep into the discard as spiritually futile the elaborate symbolism of Eastern worship. 1944J. S. Huxley Living in Revol. ii. 27 The old concept of economic man has gone into the discard. |