| 释义 |
subjection|səbˈdʒɛkʃən|
Also 4–5 -ieccioun, -one, 4–6 -ieccion, 4–7 -iection, 5–6 -iectione, -geccion, -gection, -yon, 5–7 -iectioun, (4 subieccoun, 5 -ccyoun, -iounne, -iecctioun, -ione, -iectyon, supjection, 6 -ieccyon).
[a. OF. subjection (12th c.), in mod.F. only in Rhet. sense, sujétion (17th c.) in other senses, ad. L. subjectio, -ōnem, n. of action f. subicĕre (see subject a.). Cf. Pr. subjection, It. soggezione, suggezione, and subbiezione, Sp. sujecion, in Rhet. sense subjecion, Pg. sujeição, subjeição.]
†1. The act, state, or fact of exercising lordship or control; dominion, domination, control. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints vii. (Jacobus) 485 Dee þare þam leware wes ay, þane fore to thol subieccione of hyme þat segyt þan þar towne. c1400Apol. Loll. 59 Þof þu desire to be prest, or be befor to hem þat þu coueitist..ouer proudly in coueiting subieccoun of hem. 1596Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 650/1 They should all rise generally into rebellion, and cast away the English subjection. 1667Milton P.L. x. 153 Lovely to attract Thy Love, not thy Subjection.
b. Phr. in subjection, into subjection, † to subjection, † unto subjection, † under subjection: in, into, under the dominion or control of a superior power.
Now felt as belonging to 2.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4064 Swa þat it be put til destruccion Thurgh þam þat first was in subieccion. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 476 He..This wyde world hadde in subieccioun. 1390Gower Conf. I. 26 Of Babiloine al that Empire..[he] Put under in subjeccioun. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 90 Of Assurye to rekne the kynges alle, Whiche had that lond under subjeccioune. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 1544 Lowly submyttynge her vnder subieccyon. 1535Coverdale Ps. viii. 6 Thou hast put all thinges in subieccion vnder his fete. 1592Soliman & Pers. iii. i. 148 Till thou hast brought Rhodes in subiection. 1601Shakes. All's Well i. i. 6 To whom I am now in Ward, euermore in subiection. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 1128 Both in subjection now To sensual Appetite. a1715Burnet Own Time i. (1724) I. 46 They [sc. the military force] will ever keep the Parliament in subjection to them. 1758J. Dalrymple Ess. Feudal Property (ed. 2) 3 The modern European colonies are kept in subjection..to their native country. 1853Newman Hist. Sk. (1876) I. i. ii. 91 The Caliph..was in subjection to a family of the old Persian race. 1862Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. ii. 62 A well-regulated imagination, which is kept in subjection to the judgment.
c. with possessive pron. or phr. denoting the superior power or authority. Obs. or arch.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4070 Fra þat tyme sal na land ne contre In subieccion of Rome langer be. 1390Gower Conf. III. 180 He..Which hath in his subjeccion Tho men whiche in possession Ben riche of gold. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) vi. 20 Oþer rewmes þat er vnder his subieccion. c1407Lydg. Reson & Sens. 5281 He kan make hem to lowte Vn-to his subieccion. c1460Oseney Reg. 110 This..graunt I made for A chaunterye..free and quietly fro the subieccion of the modur church. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xix. 408 Whan he sawe that he was..in the subgectyon of Reynawde..he was sore an angred. c1500Melusine 17 Al the Countre therabout he held vnder his subgection. 1530Palsgr. 355 Whiche dyd submytte a great parte of Grece in their subjection. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 885 To submit themselues to the subiection and grieuous yoke of the French king. 1584–5Act 27 Eliz. c. 2. §4 Any Parson under her Majesties Subjection or Obedience. 1632Lithgow Trav. iii. 78 [The Cretans] would rather..render to the Turke, then to liue vnder the subection of Venice. 1652J. Wright tr. Camus' Nat. Paradox i. 3 The Castellians are those who have Lands, Citties, Burroughs, Villages and Seignories under their subjection. 1800Asiatic Ann. Reg. I a. 25/1 In reducing under his subjection the whole of the districts in which the best cinnamon is produced.
2. The act or fact of being subjected, as under a monarch or other sovereign or superior power; the state of being subject to, or under the dominion of, another; hence gen., subordination.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xviii. (1495) 203 As the name seruaunt is a name of subieccion so the name lord is a name of soueraynte. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 441 Sauand my senyeoury fra subiectioun, And my lordscip vn-lamyt. 1563Winȝet tr. Vincent. Lirin. Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 5 The subiectioun of the Israelitis amangis the Gentilis. 1596Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 612/2 That generall subjection of the land, wherof we formerly spake. 1611Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. i. xii. 23/2 [Bristol] because it is an entire County of it selfe, it denies subiection vnto either [Somersetshire and Glocestershire]. 1620T. Granger Div. Logike 248 In regard of their conuenience, and subiection to the whole, they make no disiunction or opposition. 1641‘Smectymnuus’ Vind. Answ. vii. 98 Now we read no where of the subjection of one Bishop and his charge to an other. 1651Hobbes Leviathan i. viii. 39 Our obedience, and subjection to God Almighty. 1662South Serm. Gen. i. 27 (1697) I. 67 The Will..was subordinate..to the Understanding..as a Queen to her King; who both acknowledges a Subjection, and yet retains a Majesty. 1814Wordsw. Excurs. iii. 268 By philosophic discipline prepared For calm subjection to acknowledged law. 1869J. S. Mill (title) The subjection of women. 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 58 The patriotic spirit..lost its force in a common subjection to Rome.
†3. Submission; obedience; homage. Obs.
1382Wyclif 1 Tim. ii. 11 A womman lerne in silence, with al subieccioun. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 115 Þe bisshop of Meneuia was i-sacred of þe bisshoppes of Wales..and made non professioun noþer subiection to non oþer chirche. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. ii. (Skeat) l. 10 A maner of ferdnesse crepeth in his herte, not for harme, but of goodly subjeccion. 1419in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. I. 65 We ȝoure humble liges and servitours, with all subjection and humilitee. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 1031 The body to the soule obeye In euery maner skylful weye, And bern to hym subieccion. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. (Rolls) Ded. 1 To my Sovereyn Lord Edward..a pore Frere..sendith prayer, obediens, subjeccion. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 96 b, Good religyon and subieccyon sore reproueth contempte for his suggestyon. 1671Milton Samson 1405 Masters commands come with a power resistless To such as owe them absolute subjection. a1674Clarendon Surv. Leviathan (1676) 91 To withdraw their subjection.
4. The action of making subject or bringing under a dominion or control; subjugation. rare.
1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. xlix. 104 The subiection of the body to the will is by naturall necessitie, the subiection of the will vnto God voluntarie. a1676Hale (J.), After the conquest of the kingdom and subjection of the rebels. 1849–50Alison Hist. Eur. VII. xlii. §43. 125 The conquest of Europe, or at least the subjection of all its governments to his control.
†5. The condition of a subject, and the obligations pertaining to it. Obs.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. i. 153 The King..who to disobey, were against all proportion of subiection. 1611― Cymb. iv. iii. 19, I dare be bound hee's true, and shall performe All parts of his subiection loyally. a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. in Phœnix (1707) I. 191 The Duke of Northumberland..rose as high as subjection could permit, or sovereignty endure.
†b. concr. Subjects collectively. Obs.
1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W.) v. iii. LL ij, The subgeccyon ayenst theyr prelates, the chyldren agayne the fader and moder. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 302 How populous the land from whence they came was, may be collected..from their ability in commanding so mighty subjections.
6. Legal or contractual obligation or liability.
c1450Godstow Reg. 342 With-out any subieccion as any of that same hold ought, sauf only the forsaide xij. d vnto the workes of the forsaid chirch yerely. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 192 [If] a man suld.. defend his frende in his presence injurit, sa is he nocht bounde to na subjectioun of law tharfore. 1760T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. ii. (1765) 251 They distinguished civil subjection, into necessary and voluntary. 1769Blackstone Comm. IV. ii. 28 The obligation of civil subjection, whereby the inferior is constrained by the superior to act contrary to what his own reason and inclination would suggest. 1843–56Bouvier Law Dict. (ed. 6) II. 553/2 Subjection, the obligation of..persons to act at the discretion, or according to the judgment and will of others.
†7. The condition of being under some necessity or obligation; a duty or task; an ‘infliction’. Obs.
1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. i. (1586) 3, I feele it a great trauell..to obserue such circumstances, as the qualitie of the persons, and mine owne honor require: which is nothing else but paine and subiection. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 261 'Tis too great a subjection to gather their blossoms. 1659― Let. to Boyle 9 Aug., The many subjections, which I cannot support, of conversing with mechanical capricious persons. 1685― Mrs. Godolphin (1888) 183, I tell you she looked at it [sc. being obliged to play at cards] as a Calamity and subjection insupportable. 1719London & Wise Complete Gard'ner 313 The only Subjection we are obliged to in such Grounds, is, first, to weed much.
†8. The condition of being subject, exposed, or liable to; liability. Obs.
1593Mundy Def. Contraries 39 They are free from subiection to eie medicines, which they haue need to practise, that are subiect to the eyes inflamation. 1628T. Spencer Logick 128 His subiection to death; as a qualitie of his being. 1758J. Dalrymple Ess. Feudal Property (ed. 2) 154 In respect of subjection to forfeiture.
†9. Rhet. An answer subjoined by a speaker to a question that he has just asked; the figure involving this; hence, a subjoined or additional statement, corollary. Obs.
1608J. King Serm. 5 Nov. 13 For what hath the righteous done? The subiection or answere implied must needs be, nihil, iust nothing. 1652Urquhart Jewel 278 The refutative Schemes of Anticipation and Subjection. 1659J. Leak Waterwks. Pref. 3 If we should build upon this Rule of Archimedes, That the Superficies of the Water is Spherical..there will follow a Subjection that we must hold in the Demonstrations; viz. That the Superficies of the Water is Circular. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl., Subjection..is used for a brief answer to a preceding interrogation.
†10. A putting under or placing before. rare.
1615T. Adams Leaven 100 The most simple; who better vnderstand a spiritual doctrine, by the reall subiection of some thing familiar to their senses.
11. Logic. The act of supplying a subject to a predicate.
In mod. Dicts.
¶12. Misused for suggestion. (Cf. subjestion.)
c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋351 The firste thing is..thilke flesshly concupisence, and after that comth the subieccion [v. rr. suggestion(e] of the deuel. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 77 The kinge, thorughe her false subieccion, putte Ioseph into stronge prison. |