| 释义 |
▪ I. disdain, n.|dɪsˈdeɪn|
Forms: α. 3–5 dedeyn(e, 4 dedeigne, -eyng, -ayn, 5 dedein. β. 4–5 desdeyn, -dayn. γ. 4 disdein(e, 4–5 -deyn(e, 4–6 -deigne, 4–7 -dayn(e, 5 dysdane, -dene, -dayne, Sc. disdenȝe, -dene, 6–7 disdaine, 6– disdain. Cf. sdeign.
[ME. dedeyn, desdeyn, a. OF. desdeign, -daign, -daing, -dain, AF. dedeigne (Langtoft Chron. II. 430), mod.F. dedain = Pr. desdaing, -denh, Cat. desdeny, Sp. desdeño, It. disdegno (sdegno), Romanic deriv. of des-, disdegnare to disdain: see next.]
1. The feeling entertained towards that which one thinks unworthy of notice or beneath one's dignity; scorn, contempt.
αc1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 414/387 He hadde gret de-deyn smale þefþes to do. a1300Cursor M. 11309 (Cott.) O pouert na dedeigne [later MSS. disdeyn, -dayne], had he. a1340Hampole Psalter xxviii. 6 Þai ere kald vnycorns for pride & dedeyne. c1450Myrc 1159 Hast [þow] had any dedeyn Of oþer synfulle þat þou hast seyn?
γ1393Gower Conf. I. 121 He, which love had in disdeigne. 1540–1Elyot Image Gov. Pref. (1556) 3 Although disdeigne and envie dooe cause them to speake it. 1599Shakes. Much Ado iii. i. 51 Disdaine and Scorne ride sparkling in her eyes, Mis-prizing what they looke on. 1667Milton P.L. i. 98 That fixt mind And high disdain, from sence of injur'd merit. 1749Fielding Tom Jones xi. vii, As I received no answer..my disdain would not suffer me to continue my application. 1824L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 440 Haughtiness is founded on the high opinion we entertain of ourselves; disdain, on the low opinion we have of others. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. ix. viii. 401 They were called in disdain the Puritans, an appellation which perhaps they did not disdain. 1875F. Hall in Lippincott's Mag. XV. 342/1, I..had conceived a disdain of feathered things, bustards excepted.
†b. with pl. An instance or exhibition of this.
a1631Donne Dial. w. Sir H. Wotton (T.), So her disdains can ne'er offend. 1632Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu's Vnhappy Prosp. 152 My disdaines have served my purposes.
†2. Indignation; anger or vexation arising from offended dignity; dudgeon. to have d.: to be indignant, take offence. to have in d., to have d. of: to be indignant or offended at. Obs.
α1297R. Glouc. (1724) 193 Of þyn vnryȝt ychabbe gret dedeyn. a1340Hampole Psalter xxxvi. 1 Noli emulari in malignantibus..Will not haf dedeyn in ill willand. Ibid. lxxxiv. 3 Auertisti ab ira indignacionis tue..Þou turnyd fra þe wreth of þi dedeyn. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 70 Þis eldere sone hadde dedeyn, and wolde not come in. a1400–50Alexander 3155 He dedeyne [Dubl. MS. disdayne] hade, Þat þai ware comen doun of kyngis, and be no cause ellis.
βc1386Chaucer Frankl. Prol. 28 (Ellesm. MS.), I prey yow haueth me nat in desdeyn [v.r. disdeyne] Though to this man I speke a word or two. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 17 The king saide, ‘y chese the yongest of the .iij. doughters..’ of the whiche the eldest and the secounde had gret meruaile and desdeyn. 1481Caxton Myrr. ii. vi. 72 Of grete desdayn he suffreth to be slayn and dye.
γc1386Chaucer Prol. 789 (Sloane MS.) But take it nought I praie ȝow in disdeigne [v.rr. disdeyne, disdayn, desdeyn]. 1393Gower Conf. II. 345 But Phebus, which hath great disdein Of that his maiden was forlein. 1513Douglas æneis vii. xiii. 160 Than Jupiter..Haifand disdene ony mortall suld be Rasit to lyf. 1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 299 The defeat of the Armie..caused..throughout the Realme a great griefe and disdaine. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. ii. 35 The disdain and shame whereof, hath euer since kept Hector fasting and waking. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 229 Having conceived some disdain against his Master. a1677Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 62 The great person..took the neglect in huge disdain.
†b. fig. Of a wound: Angriness, inflamed condition. Obs. rare. (Cf. proud flesh.)
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 102 Whanne þilke wounde was sowdid þe pannicle þat was not weel heelid hadde a dedein & was cause of gendrynge of a crampe.
†3. Loathing, aversion, dislike. Obs.
[1370–80in O.E. Misc. 228 And hedden of mony metes de-deyn.] 1655Culpepper Riverius i. vii. 30 These are the forerunners of an Epilepsy; disdain of meat [etc.].
†b. transf. The quality which excites aversion; loathsomeness. (Cf. dain n. 3.) Obs.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 14 Most lothsom, filthie, foule, and full of vile disdaine.
▪ II. disdain, v.|dɪsˈdeɪn|
Forms: α. 4 dedeyngne, 4–5 dedeyne, 5 dedene; β. 4 desdaine, -deigne, 6 -dayne. γ. 5 disdeyne, -daigne, (disdeynt), 5–6 dys-, 5–7 disdayne, 6 disdeine, -dane, 6–7 -daine, -deigne, 6– disdain. Cf. also sdeign v.
[ME., a. OF. desdeignier, -deigner (3rd s. pres. -deigne), in later F. dédaigner, = Pr. desdegnar, Cat. desdenyar, Sp. dedeñar, Pg. desdenhar, It. disdegnare (sdegnare); a Common Romanic vb. representing, with des- for L. dē- (see de- 6), L. dēdignāre (collateral form of dēdignārī) to reject as unworthy, disdain. f. de- 6 + dignāre, -ārī to think or treat as worthy; cf. deign.]
1. trans. To think unworthy of oneself, or of one's notice; to regard or treat with contempt; to despise, scorn.
a. with simple obj.
α and βc1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 42 (Ellesm. MS.) Lat youre eres nat my voys desdeyne [other MSS. disdeyne]. 1483Cath. Angl. 93/1 To Desden (Deden A.), dedignari, detrahere, detractare; vbi. to disspise.
γc1386[see α and β]. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. lvii, I fere to sore I shal disdayned be. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 4 He laid against me..that I did disdain everi mans cumpani. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvii. 459 Whose proud top would disdaine climing. 1754Edwards Freed. Will iv. iv. 217 Some seem to disdain the Distinction that we make between natural and moral Necessity. 1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. i. 52 If they disdained not such a prostrate slave. 1858Lytton What will he do? i. x, I disdain your sneer.
b. with inf. or gerund. To think it beneath one, to scorn (to do or doing something).
αc1380Sir Ferumb. 2179 Ys herte was so gret, þat he dedeynede to clepe, ‘oundo’; bot ran to wiþ is fet.
β1393Gower Conf. III. 227 If..a king..Desdaineth for to done hem grace.
γ1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xv. 43 They dysdayne to obeye to theyre capytayne. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xxiv. 70 They dysdayne to speke to me. 1611Bible Transl. Pref. 11 Neither did we disdaine to reuise that which we had done. 1769Goldsm. Roman Hist. (1786) I. 397 This..was the title the Roman general disdained granting him. 1786W. Thomson Watson's Philip III (1839) 357 [They] disdained to follow this example of submission. 1868E. Edwards Raleigh I. xx. 455 Grey..had disdained to beg his life.
c. To think (a thing) unworthy of (something). (Cf. deign v. 2.)
1646J. Hall Horæ Vac. 23 Nature disdeigned it a Roome.
d. To think (anything) unworthy of.
1591Spenser Ruins of Time Ded., God hath disdeigned the world of that most noble Spirit.
†2. To be indignant, angry, or offended at. Obs.
1494Fabyan Chron. ii. xlviii. 32 The kynge disdeynynge this demeanure of Andragius, after dyuers monycions..gatheryd his knyghtes and made warre vpon Andragius. 1632Lithgow Trav. Prol. B, To shun Ingratitude, which I disdaine as Hell. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. vi. (1821) 84 His answer was much disdained. 1695Ld. Preston Boeth. iii. 106 Hence..we often so much disdain their being conferr'd upon undeserving Men.
b. with subord. clause: To be indignant that.
1548Hall Chron., Rich. III, 45 The kyng of Scottes disdeignynge that the stronge castell of Dumbarre should remayne in thenglish mennes handes. 1587Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 128 Who highly did disdaine That such..abuse his honour should distaine. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. ii. Wks. 1856 I. 27, I have nineteene mistresses alreadie, and I not much disdeigne that thou shold'st make up the ful score. 1796W. Taylor in Monthly Mag. I. 14 Disdaining that the enemies of Christ should abound in wealth.
†3. intr. To be moved with indignation, be indignant, take offence. Const. at (rarely against, of, on). Obs.
α1382Wyclif Job xxxii. 3 But aȝen the thre frendis of hym he dedeynede, forthi that thei hadden not founde a resounable answere. ― Matt. xxi. 15 The princis of prestis and scribis..dedeyneden, and seiden to hym, Heerist thou what these seyen? a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 90 Þat deuyls lymme, dedeyned at þi dede.
γ14..Epiph. in Tundale's Vis. 108 Of whos cumyng though thou dysdeyne Hyt may not pleynly help. 1526Tindale Matt. xx. 24 They disdayned at the two brethren. ― John vii. 23 Disdayne ye at me, because I made a man every whit whoale? c1563Cavendish Ld. Seymour iv., in Wolsey, etc. (1825) II. 105 To disdayn ayenst natures newe estate. 1636B. Jonson Discov. ad fin., Ajax, deprived of Achilles' armour..disdains; and growing impatient of the injury, rageth, and runs mad. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 150 Cheese and Butter is among them, but such as squemish English stomacks will disdaine at.
†4. trans. To move to indignation or scorn; to offend, anger, displease. Obs.
a1470Tiptoft Caesar x. (1530) 12 Induciomarus was sore displeased and dysdayned at thys doynge. 1627Vox Piscis A v b, It shall nothing disdaine you; for it is no new thing, but even that which you have continually looked for. 1650Howell Giraffi's Rev. Naples 18 The people..being much disdain'd that the Vice-Roy had scap'd. 1790–1817Combe Devil upon Two Sticks in Lond. I. 251 Fashionable amusements delight him not, and even elegant vice disdains him.
†b. impers. it disdains me: it moves my indignation, offends me.
c1440York Myst. v. 11 Me thoght þat he The kynde of vs tane myght, And þer-at dideyned me. |