| 释义 |
subsidy, n.|ˈsʌbsɪdɪ|
Also 4–7 subsidie, 5 -sidee, -sydye, 5–6 -sidye, 5–7 -sedye, 6 subsedy, -sydy, -sidey, -sidwe (?).
[a. AF. subsidie = OF. (and AF.) subside, ad. L. subsidium. Cf. Pr. subsidi, It. sussidio, Sp., Pg. subsidio.]
1. Help, aid, assistance. Also with a and pl. Obs. or arch.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 469 Everych [element of the body] schulde..ȝeve us special helpe and subsidie by his owne dispensacioun. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 189 A thowmbe in the ryȝhte foote of Pyrrhus kynge, the towchenge of whom ȝafe subsidy ageyne venom. 1492Ryman Poems lxxxi. 3 in Archiv Stud. neu. Spr. LXXXIX. 250 Petir and Paule and seintis alle..For subsidie to you we calle. 1533Frith (title) An other boke against Rastel named the subsedye or bulwark to his fyrst boke. 1553Latimer Serm. Lord's Prayer vii. (1562) 53 [45] To cry vnto god..for a subsidie against this..enemy. 1557Paynell Barclay's Jugurth 52 On the right winge..he ordeyned as it were a forward enforced with a threfold subsidie or socour. 1639Fuller Holy War iv. viii. 180 Before he began his voyage he craved a subsidie of prayers from the Monks of S. Albanes. 1675Alsop Anti-Sozzo iii. §2. 203 It's a very Ruful cause that needs such Subsidies to maintain it. 1830Sir W. Hamilton Discuss. (1853) 68 Dr. Brown..rejects as unphilosophical, those hyperphysical subsidies.
2. Eng. Hist. A pecuniary aid granted by parliament to the sovereign to meet special needs.
In the 14th and 15th centuries the term (occurring, in the AF. form subside, in 1340 Rolls Parlt. II. 112/2, 117/1, 1353 27 Edw. III stat. i. c. 4, 1382 5 Rich. II stat. ii. c. 3) was applied mainly to the taxes on cloth, wool, leather, and skins, and the duties of tonnage and poundage. In Tudor times it was applied pre-eminently to a tax of 4s. in the pound on lands and 2s. 8d. in the pound on movables. Its application to tonnage and poundage was continued in acts of parliament until 1707 Act 6 Anne c. 48. In 1698 an increased percentage of duty charged upon certain articles was known as the New Subsidy.
The term has been extended by legal and historical writers to the aids derived from the tenth, the fifteenth, and other sources. The old lawyers, e.g. Coke, term the duties on wool, skins, and leather, ‘perpetual’ subsidies, the others being classed as ‘temporary’.
† book of subsidy = subsidy-book (see 4).
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 103 Whanne þe kyng & lordis axeden of grete prelatis subsidies & dymes for here temperaltes. 1422[see tonnage n. 1]. 1422Rolls of Parlt. IV. 173/2 The forsaid pouere Commens..graunton to oure said Lord the Kyng..a subsidie of xxxiii s. iiii d...of every sak weight of Wolle, and of every ccxl. of Wolle felle. 1425Ibid. 289/2 With oute any subsidee payng for the same [sc. Wool]. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. vi. (1885) 122 The kynge hath therfore þe subsidie off pondage and tonnage. 1544Churchw. Acc. St. Giles, Reading (ed. Nash) 70 To the kynges collectors for the subsidie ixs iiijd. c1550Disc. Common Weal Eng. (1893) 55 Which..myght releue them [sc. breeders of wool] of theire subsidwes. 1571Acts Privy Council VIII. 29 The assessing and taxing of the first payment of the Subsedye graunted by the Layetie at the last Parliament. 1581Lambarde Eiren. ii. ii. (1588) 109 Such as have their names registred in the Booke of Subsidie. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iv. vii. 25 He that made vs pay one and twenty Fifteenes, and one shilling to the pound, the last Subsidie. 1603–4Act 1 Jas. I, c. 33 §2 Except and foreprised out of this Graunt of Subsidie & of Poundage, All maner of Woollen Cloth made or wrought. 1604Proclam. in Rates of Marchandizes (c 1610) 5 Queene Mary..did..assesse vpon Clothes carried out of this Realme by way of Marchandize, a certaine rate for the Custome and Subsidie of them. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §8 There was a mention..of granting five Subsidies, a proportion..scarce ever before heard of in Parliament. 1660Act 12 Chas. II, c. 4 A Subsidy granted to the King of Tonnage and Poundage and other summes of Money payable upon Merchandize Exported and Imported. a1700Evelyn Diary 11 May 1671, The subsidie now given by Parliament to his Majesty. 1725Lond. Gaz. No. 6366/2 All Goods..which shall have remained in His Majesty's Warehouse for Security of the Duties Twelve Months, the Subsidies and Duties not paid. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., In the List of English Duties, or Impositions, are divers Kinds of Subsidies: Old Subsidy, Additional Imposition to the old Subsidy. New Subsidy, third Subsidy; Two-thirds Subsidy. 1845McCulloch Taxation ii. vi. (1852) 235 The new subsidy, granted in the reign of William III, was an addition of 5 per cent. to the duties on most imported commodities. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §5 (1882) 395 The perils of her reign drove her [Elizabeth] at rare intervals to the demand of a subsidy. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiii. 181 In those days a subsidy took the form of a feudal grant.
b. transf. A pecuniary aid exacted by a prince, lord, etc.
a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 89 That quene..dede mani aduersiteez to the pepille, by tailez and subsidiez. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. iii. v. 176 Hys subgettes of ryht are holden to sette a subsydye upon them self. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 41 b, A subsidie is to be gathered in all countreis of the Empyre for the Turkishe warre. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 403 Certaine paiments and subsidies which he would have to be levied of his subjects. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. ii. lxxiii, Of helps and subsidies asked be the Lord fra his men... As quhen his sonne and heire is to be made knicht, or quhen he is to giue his eldest dochter in mariage. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxxi. (1787) III. 225 He stipulated an annual subsidy of corn and money. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. I. xv. 347 From the treasury of the sanctuary..they granted him a subsidy.
3. A grant or contribution of money.
a. gen.
1421Cov. Leet Bk. 36 The maiour to gyve a subsydye of money to the wardens of yche warde. c1450Godstow Reg. 394/7 And whan she wold entir religion, the forsaid hugh shold yeve to the same xx. marke into subsidie. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 286 He shall geve to his children as a subsidie an hondreth thousand crounes. 1711Steele Spect. No. 53 ⁋10 Your Mention of a Subsidy for a Prince in Misfortune. 1862Thackeray Philip xvi, Out of small earnings [he] managed to transmit no small comforts and subsidies to old parents living somewhere in Munster.
b. A sum of money paid by one country to another for the promotion of war or the preservation of neutrality.
† treaty of subsidy, a subsidiary treaty.
1668Temple Let. to Sir O. Bridgman 27 Jan., Wks. 1720 II. 56 The hopes we must give him of obtaining Subsidies from Spain, which might countervail what they might lose from France. 1737Gentl. Mag. VII. 705/2 This Court..has push'd with so much Ardour the Treaties of Subsidy with Sweden and Denmark, as that they are both very far advanc'd. 1832tr. Sismondi's Ital. Rep. xv. 324 Maximilian had never money enough to carry on the war without the subsidies of his allies. 1870Stanhope Hist. Eng. xii. 420 He proposed to contribute by monthly subsidies to the prosecution of the war against Philip if Philip persevered.
c. Financial aid furnished by a state or a public corporation in furtherance of an undertaking or the upkeep of a thing.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Subsidy..a sum allowed for the conveyance of mails. 1881H. Fawcett Free Trade & Prot. (ed. 4) 38 The special object of assisting through postal subsidies the American shipping trade. 1882D. A. Wells Merch. Mar. 141 It seems clear..that subsidies as a means of restoring American shipping cannot be made the policy of the United States. 1912War Dept. Subsidy Scheme 1 Only those lorries which comply in every particular with the terms of this specification..will be eligible for the grant of full subsidy.
d. fig.
a1631Donne Valed. Bk. 42 Poems 1912 I. 31 Woman⁓kinde, Who though from heart, and eyes, They exact great subsidies, Forsake him who on them relies. a1639T. Carew Poems (1651) 25 Universall losses may command A subsidie from every private eye.
4. attrib., as subsidy act, subsidy fee; † subsidy book, a book kept for recording the names of those liable to pay subsidy; † subsidy citizen = subsidy man; † subsidy man, a person liable to pay subsidy; hence, a man of means or substance; † subsidy money, money derived from a subsidy; subsidy roll = subsidy book; † subsidy treaty, a subsidiary treaty.
b. (temporary) Applied to vehicles subsidized by the War Office in peace time while in their owners' hands and liable to be called upon at the outbreak of war; as subsidy lorry, subsidy machine.
1910Encycl. Brit. (ed. 11) XI. 86 Uniform rates of duty were fixed in England by the *Subsidy Act of 1660.
1575Laneham Let. (1871) 35 Bear with me, though perchauns I place not thoz Gentlmen..after theyr estatez: for I am neyther good heraud of armez, nor yet kno hoow they are set in the *Subsydy bookez. 1594Lyly Mother Bombie ii. v, He that had a cup of red wine to his oysters, was hoysted in the Queenes subsidie booke. a1613Overbury Characters, Wise Man Wks. (1856) 60 He chuseth not friends by the subsidy-book, and is not luxurious after acquaintance. 1663Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 93 The old way of rating in the subsidy-books.
1607Middleton Michaelmas Term iii. iv, If we procure you two substantial *subsidy citizens to bail you.
1911War Dept. Provis. Subsidy Scheme 2 A proportion of the initial *subsidy fee.
1913Leyland Motors Ltd., Standard War Office *Subsidy lurry..War Office *Subsidy machines.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Canama, *subsidie men, Classis tributariorum. 1597–8Act 39 Eliz. c. 3 §1 Fower substanciall Howsholders there beinge Subsidy men, or for wante of Subsidy men fower other substanciall Howseholders. 1618Archd. Essex & Colch. Depos. Rule fol. 50 (MS.) He is worth (his debts beinge paid) a hundreth pounds, but is no subsidie man. 1626Donne Serm. lxvii. (1640) 680, I will be a Subsidy man so far, so far pay Gods debts, as to celebrate with condigne praise the goodnesse of that man. a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. ii. x. 237 If we should..compare the numbers of Trained Souldiers then and now, the number of Subsidy-men then and now, they will easily give us an Account of a very great Increase and Multiplication of People.
1595in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 455 The *subsidey money groweing to the said towne. 1625–9in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 188 Whether these Eight Ships lent to the French King..were not paid with the Subsidy-money?
1886Encycl. Brit. XX. 313/1 The *subsidy rolls record the fifteenths and tenths, &c., granted by parliament to the crown.
1747Gentl. Mag. XVII. 498 They continue to talk of the speedy march of a powerful body of troops to the assistance of the allies, in pursuance of a *subsidy-treaty. 1762in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 348 We did not renew last year the Subsidy Treaty with the King of Prussia.
Hence ˈsubsidy v. (only in Carlyle), to subsidize.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. vii. iii, Austria hesitates; finally refuses, being subsidied by Pitt. 1858― Fredk. Gt. iii. xx. I. 372 The English..fought and subsidied from side to side of Europe. |