| 释义 |
substitutional, a.|sʌbstɪˈtjuːʃənəl|
[f. prec. + -al1.]
1. Theol. Of or pertaining to, based upon the principle of, sacrificial substitution.
1786A. M'Lean Commiss. Christ iii. Wks. 1847 I. 218 This points out the vicarious and substitutional nature of his death. a1812― Merit. Ground Justif. ibid. III. 283 The merit and substitutional nature of Christ's obedience to the moral law throughout his life. 1893New Church Mess. (N.Y.) 19 Apr. 244 This mercenary, substitutional theory of the atonement. 1897Advance (Chicago) 4 Feb. 155/2 We need the divine sympathy, substitutional, because the Christ was tempted in all points as we are.
2. a. Involving a substitution; constituting or forming a substitute.
1820J. Foster Ess. Evils Pop. Ignor. 166 While thus thrown loose from the former ties to the social order, their minds have not been seized upon to be put under the substitutional ones which sound instruction alone could impose. 1883Pall Mall Gaz. 30 May 1/2 If he considered that he would not be fairly compensated under any substitutional private agreement. 1884Law Times Rep. L. 619/2 Sect. 3 of the Act of 1878..is substitutional for sect. 62 of the Act of 1875. 1884C. Rogers Soc. Life Scot. x. II. 19 As a substitutional officer James I. appointed a Master of the Household. 1895H. Reynolds Anc. Dioc. Exeter v. 127 This is the Pontifical of Edmund Lacy, a substitutional improvement on the order of Episcopal offices [etc.].
b. Law.
1883Law Rep. 23 Chanc. Div. 738 W. Pearson, Q.C.,..submitted that..the gift..was an original and not substitutional gift. 1894Daily News 3 May 5/3 In other words, were the gifts substitutional or cumulative?
c. Metallurgy. Of an alloy: involving the substitution at certain lattice sites of atoms of the minor component for those of the major component; substitutional site, a lattice site in an alloy at which atomic substitution occurs.
1940[see interstice 1 b]. 1966C. R. Tottle Sci. Engin. Materials viii. 186 Where complete or partial solid solubility exists and the solute atoms are too large to occupy interstitial positions, they replace solvent atoms at random in the lattice, and are accordingly referred to as substitutional. 1969Physics Bull. May 167/2 To have the desired effects the implanted impurity atoms must eventually occupy isolated substitutional sites within the lattice. 1980Chomel & Cottu in P. Haasen Strength of Metals & Alloys II. 1017 Substitutional alloy softening only results from a thermal component reduction of the flow stress.
Hence substiˈtutionally adv.
1874Withrow Catac. Rome (1877) 355 The Almighty Father, who is substitutionally represented by the Son in the adjoining scene. 1908C. A. Strong in Ess. in honor of W. James 172 The object..is not immediately (i.e., without medium) but substitutionally known—known by the projection of a present experience, as truly possessed of definite qualities as the past experience it knows. |