| 释义 |
suburb|ˈsʌbɜːb|
Forms: pl. 4–5 sub(b)arbes, -is, (-ys), -urbis, 5–7 suburbes, 6–7 subburbs, suberbs, (4 subaarbis, 5 -orbz, sowbarbys, subbardes, -ars, -ers, 6 -arbs, -ardes, subberbes, -is, -urbes, -ys, -orbes, sub-vrbs), 5– suburbs; also 5 sowthbarbys, -ez, 6 southebarbis (see south-2); sing. 4–7 suburbe, 5 sub(b)arbe, subbarde, 7– suburb.
[a. OF. sub(b)urbe, pl. -es, ad. L. suburbium, pl. -ia (med.L. also suburbii), f. sub sub- 11 + urbs city. Cf. Sp., Pg. suburbio.]
1. The country lying immediately outside a town or city; more particularly, those residential parts belonging to a town or city that lie immediately outside and adjacent to its walls or boundaries.
a. collect. pl.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 364 Þai hadden subarbis to fede þer þe beestis þat schuld be offred sacrifice to god in þe temple. c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. 104 In the suburbes of a toun..Lurkynge in hernes and in lanes blynde. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 211 An oxe spak to a plowȝ man in þe subarbes of Rome. 1398― Barth. de P.R. xiv. xii. (Tollem. MS.) Sichem, þat was a cite of socoure with subbarbes [ed. 1535 subardes, 1582 suburbes] þerof in mounte Effraym. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 4 Florentynes, and Venycyens, And Esterlinges,..aftyr the maier riding, Passid the subbarbis to mete withe the Kyng. 1439Rolls of Parlt. V. 23/1 Fletestrete in the subbardes of London. c1460Oseney Reg. 6 Þ⊇ church of seynte marye Mawdeleyn the which is i-sett in the subbarbis of oxonforde. 1493in Young Ann. Barber-Surg. Lond. (1890) 67 Withyn this cyte or subbers of the same. 1523Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, c. 3 §5 Withyn either of the said Townes of Lyn and Great Yarmouth or Suburbes of the same. 1592Greene Vision Wks. (Grosart) XII. 259 He trudgeth towards Antwerpe, where in the suberbes, hee heard of his wife. 1593Nashe Christ's T. Wks. 1904 II. 148 London, what are thy Suburbes but licensed Stewes? 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. iv. 76 Theres a trim rabble let in: are all these Your faithfull friends o' th' Suburbs? 1665Baker's Chron., Contin. Chas. I, 501 That part of the Suburbs of London commonly called Covent Garden. a1720Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) II. vii. 2 At London, and in the suburbs. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 223 They..had resolved to burn the suburbs, in order to preserve the city within the walls. 1875Helps Soc. Press. iv. 59 How this ugly lot of suburbs would join with that ugly lot, and that there would soon be one continuous street.
†b. collect. sing.
1395E.E. Wills (1882) 9 In the parosch of seynt sepulcre in the suburbe of london. c1440Promp. Parv. 482/1 Suburbe, of a cyte or wallyd towne (K. suburb or sowthbarbys of cyte), suburbium, suburbanum. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 9 He was sent to Gloucester College, in the Suburb of Oxon. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey). [ 1853Newman Hist. Sk. (1873) I. i. ii. 70 Its cities..were surrounded beyond their fortifications by a suburb of fields and gardens.]
2. Any of such residential parts, having a definite designation, boundary, or organization.
a. sing. form.
1433Lydg. St. Edmund App. 395 Not ferre out of the toun In a subarbe callyd Rysbygate. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 955 Suddenly a suburb beyond the River, that might have been defended, was quitted. a1700Evelyn Diary 15 Jan. 1645, I went to the Ghetto, where the Jewes dwell as in a suburbe by themselues. 1727De Foe Tour Gt. Brit. III. ii. 34 This Street is call'd the Cannon-Gate,..which Part, tho' a Suburb, is a Kind of Corporation by itself, as Westminster to London. 1836Macgillivray Trav. Humboldt v. 68 Crossing the Indian suburb, the streets of which were very neat. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) III. xii. 109 The monks of Saint Stephen already dwelt in their suburb beyond the walls of Caen. 1913Standard 20 June 7/7 The people of Clapham, or Cricklewood, or Clapton, or any other suburb.
†b. pl. form with sing. concord.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. 810 The suburbs of Gates⁓head, which is conioined to New-castle. a1668R. Lassels Voy. Italy (1698) I. 58 A continual Suburbs of stately villas and villages. 1753De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. (ed. 5) III. 214 The Market-place and St. Nicolas's Church, from whence, for a good Way, shoots out a Suburbs to the North-east,..and each Suburbs has its particular Church.
3. transf. and fig. (pl., rarely sing.) Outlying parts, ouskirts, confines, purlieus.
a. of localities.
1382Wyclif Ezek. xlv. 2 On eche part it shal be halewid in fyue hundrid by fyue hundrid, four maner by cumpas, and in fifti cubitis in to the suburbis therof bi cumpas. 1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 313 Ill company is the suburbs of Hell. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iii. iv. 128 They come to the Ilands of Guadelupe Dominique,..and the rest, which..be as it were, the suburbs of the Indies. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 91 Constantine raised these suburbes of Hell, and destroyed both the customes, statues, and temple it selfe. 1635Quarles Embl. v. vi. (1718) 270 To heav'n's high city I direct my journey, Whose spangled suburbs entertain mine eye. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. §2 II. 285 The Kitchin..with the Larder and Pantrey the necessary suburbs thereof. 1667Milton P.L. i. 773 [Bees] Flie to and fro, or on the smoothed Plank, The suburb of thir Straw-built Cittadel,..confer Thir State affairs. a1703Burkitt On N.T. Luke xxiii. 42 Even then, when he is in the suburbs of hell, he will blaspheme.
b. of immaterial things.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. 1905 III. 174 The vaward or subburbes of my narration. 1642D. Rogers Naaman 363 They would never come within the condition or suburbes of mercy. 1650Taylor Holy Living ii. §6. 142 When our fortunes are violently chang'd, our spirits are unchang'd, if they alwayes stood in the Suburbs and expectation of sorrowes. 1655Fuller Best Act Obliv. 2 Lent is a season for sorrow, this Week is the suburbs of Lent. 1822–56De Quincey Confess. Wks. 1890 III. 293 In summer, in the immediate suburbs of midsummer. 1848Longfellow Fireside, Resign. v, This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life elysian. 1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. xvii. 445 Silence is an embryo of a man,..a man dwelling in the suburbs of sense.
c. jocular.
a1658Cleveland Poems (1687) 326 The Suburbs of my Jacket are so gone, I have not left a Skirt to sit upon.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. Simple attrib. (rarely in pl. form) passing into adj. = Belonging to a suburb or the suburbs, suburban. Now rare.
1592Nobody & Someb. I, Heares queanes maintaind in euery suburb streete. 1593Marlowe Lucan's 1st Bk. 569 Those that inhabited the suburbe fieldes Fled. 1662Gerbier Brief Disc. 19 The Windows on the London and Suburbs Houses. 1680Otway Orphan Prol. 20 The harmless Life Of Suburb Virgin or of City Wife. a1721Prior Turtle & Sparrow 424 Hear thy dirty Off-spring Squall From Bottles on a Suburb-Wall. 1811Scott Don Roderick ii. xxxix, The spark that, from a suburb-hovel's hearth Ascending, wraps some capital in flame. 1820Keats Lamia ii. 26 From the slope side of a suburb hill. 1883Century Mag. Oct. 821/1 The houses..grow up stories higher—villas—suburb houses.
†b. = Belonging to or characteristic of the suburbs (of London) as a place of inferior, debased, and esp. licentious habits of life (cf. quots. 1593, 1613, in sense 1). (Freq. in 17th cent.) Obs.
suburb sinner: a loose woman, prostitute.
1598B. Jonson Ev. Man in Hum. i. iii, If I can but hold him vp to his height,..it will do well for a suburbe-humor. 1599― Cynthia's Rev. ii. iv, We cannot haue a new peculiar court-tire, but these retainers will haue it; these Suburbe-sunday-waiters. 1608Dekker Lanth. & Candle Lt. Wks. (Grosart) III. 266 Belzebub..knowes, that these Suburb sinners haue no landes to liue vpon but their legges. 1633Marmion Fine Companion G 2 There's a wench that has her Suburb trickes about her, I warrant. 1638Nabbes Bride i. iv, You malkin of suburb authority set up only to fright crows. 1649Milton Eikon. Pref., Dissolute swordmen and Suburb roysters. 1664Cotton Scarron. iv. (1667) 136 Some durty Suburb drab. a1668Davenant News fr. Plimouth iii. i, You look in this light habit Like one of the Suburb-Sinners.
c. = suburbicarian. rare.
1813Examiner 1 Mar. 131/2 The six suburb Bishopricks shall be re-established.
d. † suburb dross, bee-glue, propolis (see quot. and cf. quot. 1667 in sense 3 a).
1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. 158 Propolis is as much as suburbe dross, with which the Bees fasten the skirts of the Hive to the board. |