| 释义 |
subversion|səbˈvɜːʃən|
Also 4–5 -cioun, -sioun, 4–6 -cion, -cyon, 6–7 -tion.
[a. OF. subversion (from 12th c.), = It. sovversione, Sp. su(b)version, Pg. subversão, ad. late L. subversio, -ōnem, n. of action f. subvertĕre to subvert.]
The action of subverting or state of being subverted.
1. Overthrow, demolition (of a city, stronghold, etc.). ? Obs.
1382Wyclif Gen. xix. 29 He..dylyueride Loth fro the subuersioun of citees in whiche he had dwellid. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xvii. 77 Þis Loth was he þat was saued at the subuersioun of Sodom. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. 2946 For þis þe fyn þat þer folwe schal: Subuersioun, bothe of tour and wal. 1547J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 208 Sackyng of tounes, subuersion of holdes, murder of men. 1589Puttenham Engl. Poesie i. xxiv. (Arb.) 62 Nowe are the causes of mans sorrowes many:..the ouerthrowes and discomforts in battell, the subuersions of townes and cities, the desolations of countreis. 1605B. Jonson Volpone ii. i, A whale..that had waited there..for the subuersion Of the Stode-Fleet. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 205 Beseiged by an hundred and fifty thousand Mahometans, Acre received an utter subversion. 1618Bolton Florus ii. xvii. (1636) 144 That Gracchus who was father of the Gracchi punished them with the subversion of one hundred and fifty of their cities. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. vii. (1858) 289 Bela, the old name of Zoar, was understood..to allude to the fact of its frequent subversion by earthquakes.
2. The turning (of a thing) upside down or uprooting it from its position; overturning, upsetting (of an object). Now rare.
1670Cotton Espernon. i. iv. 181 The violence of the powder was so great, that it blew up the floor where the Duke sate at dinner,..the Duke only by a miracle of Fortune remaining still sitting, and upright in the midst of this subversion. 1684T. Burnet Theor. Earth i. vii. 91 The opening and shutting the Abysse, with the dissolution or subversion of the Earth. 1703Evelyn Diary 26 Nov., The subversion of woods and timber..through my whole estate..is almost tragical. c1791Encycl. Brit. (1797) VII. 374/1 Others think, that the waters of the sea..turned the whole surface of the earth upside down;..and that in this general subversion, the shells came to be interred here, fishes there, trees there, &c. 1816T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall x, The subversion of a cup of chocolate..into the nape of the neck of Sir Patrick O'Prism.
†3. Med. subversion of the stomach: nausea. Obs.
Cf. med.L. subversio animæ (Sinon. Barth.).
1615Crooke Body of Man 145 The great consent betweene the stomacke and the kidneyes, and the subuersion of the stomacke, and frequent vomits. 1628Venner Baths of Bathe (1650) 355 Weaknesse and subversion of the stomack.
4. In immaterial senses: Overthrow, ruin.
a. of a law, rule, system, condition, faculty, character, etc.
1399Rolls of Parlt. III. 451/2 Subversion of lawe of the lond. 1488–9Act 4 Hen. VII, c. 19 To the subvercion of the polecy and gode rule of this lond. 1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W.) v. iv, Manyfested subuercyon of the trouth of god. 1558T. Watson Seven Sacr. 34 b, Wherupon foloweth the decaye of healthe, and subuersion of reason. 1669Gale Crt. Gentiles i. Introd. 9 A Discourse..which directly tendes to the subversion of my main Hypothesis. 1681J. Flavel Meth. Grace xxvii. 461 The crucifixion of sin necessarily implies the subversion of its dominion over the soul. 1757W. Pitt Desp. 23 Aug. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 213 The Danger to Great Britain and her Allies, resulting from a total Subversion of the System of Europe. 1757Gray Let. in Poems (1775) 252 It is the brokenness, the ungrammatical position, the total subversion of the period that charms me. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 412 The violent subversion of one free constitution would have been a strange prelude to the violent restoration of another. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. vii. 64 The Norman Conquest was a subversion of the titles to land. 1880E. White Certainty in Relig. 103 Under conditions which expose your faith to ever-imminent subversion.
b. of persons, countries, peoples, or their lives or fortunes.
1470–1Rolls of Parlt. VI. 233/2 The seid Duke and Erle intended..the subversion of this his Reaume. 1531Elyot Gov. iii. xv, Many a valyaunt capitayne and noble prince haue..brought all their contrayes in daungeour, and often tymes to subuercion and ruyne. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. I. 31 He drew..to his assistance..the erle of Douglas and mentenit him onlie for the chancellaris subuerssioun and ruwyne. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. i. 208 These great Lords..Doe seeke subuersion of thy harmelesse Life. 1608Willet Hexapla Exod. 827 The ouerthrow and subuersion of the Cananites. 1643Fuller Serm. Reform. 17 We have so long waited for their conversion, we have almost seene our subversion. 1737Waterland Eucharist 599 The common methods of Subversion begin with lessening the Work of Preparation. 1755W. Duncan Cicero's Sel. Orat. viii. §27 (1841) 143 His pursuit of new praise threatens the entire subversion of his former fortune. 1798Ld. Auckland in Corr. (1862) III. 386 The subversion of several powers and states upon the continent. |