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suffragan, n. and a.|ˈsʌfrəgən|
Forms: 4 suffrigane, soffragan, 4–7 suffragane, 5 suffragann, -igan(n, -ygane, -ann, sofregann, 5–6 suffrygan, 6 suffregan(e, -ragene, (suffryngham), 4– suffragan; β. 5 suffrecan, -ykayn, soffrycan, 5–6 soffrecan, 6 suffrecane, -ykane, soufrecan.
[a. AF., OF. suffragan (13th c.), occas. -ain (mod.F. suffragant), corresp. to It. soffraganeo, -ano, Sp. sufraganeo, -ano, Pg. suffraganeo, repr. med.L. suffrāgāneus, f. stem of suffrāgium suffrage.
The earliest OF. examples, being in the pl. suffragans, are ambiguous for the form of the sing., but it is probable that *suffragan was the older form (cf. MDu. suffragaen), and that suffragant (1451 in Du Cange) is due to etymologizing alteration (see -ant); cf. however Pr. suffraguant, It. suffragante.]
A. n.
1. A bishop considered in regard to his relation to the archbishop or metropolitan, by whom he may be summoned to attend synods and give his suffrage.
c1383Concl. Loll. xxvii. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1911) Oct. 746 Decrees..þat ȝeuen þe chesigne of þe erchebisshop to alle his suffragans. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 115 Þe primat of Ȝork haþ but tweie suffragans in Engelond, þat beeþ þe bisshoppis of Caerlile and of Duram. c1440Jacob's Well 17 Which sentence was ȝouyn..be Boniface, erchebysschop of cauntyrbury, and be v. oþere bysschopys, his suffraganys. 1534Lyndewode's Const. Provinc. 3 We..commaunde all and euerye our Cobysschoppes and suffragans. 1611Coryat Crudities 532 He had no lesse then sixteene Bishops vnder him that were subiect to his iurisdiction as his Suffragrans [sic]. 1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. III. 28 The two High-flying Suffragans to AB. Laud. 1768Boswell Corsica iii. (ed. 2) 164 The Corsican bishops, who are..suffragans of the archbishop of Pisa. 1862Hook Lives Abps. II. ii. 121 The suffragans of the province were summoned as usual to assist at the consecration of their metropolitan. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiii. 214 The Bishop of Orkney, more strictly a suffragan of Trondhjem, is seen acting as a suffragan of York.
transf.1877C. Geikie Christ lii. (1879) 619 The Jewish primate and his suffragans kept steadily in view his arrest.
2. An assistant or subsidiary bishop, performing episcopal functions in a certain diocese but having no jurisdiction; in the Church of England, since the passing of Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 14, a bishop appointed to assist a diocesan bishop in a particular part of his diocese.
Suffragan bishops take their title from certain towns named in the above act or (according to the Suffragans Nomination Act of 1888) from ‘such other towns as Her Majesty may..by Order in Council direct shall be taken’.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 225 Þat þei ben not maad bischopis of heþene men..& þanne meyntened to be suffragans & sellen sacramentis. 14..S.E. Leg. (MS. Bodl. 779) fol. 102 Suþþe he made him bysschop..& makid him his soffragan & in his stede prechour. 1483Cath. Angl. 371 Suffragane, Coepiscopus. 1511–12Rec. St. Mary at Hill 277 Paid the Suffregan for haloyng of a Chales [etc.]. 1534Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 14 §1 Everie Archebyshope and Byshop of this Realme,..beynge dysposed to have any Suffragane. 1536Boorde Let. in Introd. Knowl. (1870) 58, I was..dyspensyd with þe relygyon by the byshopp of Romes bulles, to be suffrygan off chychester. 1587Harrison England ii. ii. 49 in Holinshed, Which function peraduenture he [sc. the Bishop] committed to his suffragane. 1615Wadsworth in Bedell Lett. (1624) 13 One Hodgeskin Suffragan of Bedford. 1654Gataker Disc. Apol. 101 Dr. Stern..was at that time Suffragane of Colchester. 1885Life & Lett. A. Monod 58 M. Charles Barde of Geneva who had been called to act as suffragan at Lyons. 1912Cath. Encycl. XIV. 324/2 It is presumed that the cardinal-bishop has given his suffragan all the faculties necessary for the government of his diocese.
β1470–85Malory Arthur xii. xiv. 611 Thenne the suffrecan lete fylle a grete vessel with water. 1493–4Rec. St. Mary at Hill 198 Payd to þe soffrycan of london for halowyng of sentt stevyn ys autyr, x s. iiij d. 1530Palsgr. 273/1 Soufrecan, suffragan, penitencier. 1556Chron. Grey Friars (Camden) 78 There the suffrecane gave them their dyssipline.
†3. A coadjutor, assistant; a deputy, representative. Obs.
1481in Legg Clerk's Bk. 1549, 66 Howe the Clerke And the Suffrigann of Seynt Nicholas Churche Aught to do... The suff[r]ygann Augh to fastenn the Church Dorys [etc.]. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xlviii. 173 The nychtingaill song [to the rose], ‘Haill, naturis suffragene’. Ibid. lxxxv. 68 Oratrice, mediatrice, salvatrice, To God gret suffragane! 1577B. Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. 3, I haue..my maide, so skilfull in huswyferie, that she may well be my wyues suffragan. 1647C. Walker Myst. Two Junto's 6 The remaining part of the House are but..Suffragans to ratify what is forejudged. 1687Lond. Gaz. No. 2242/3 The Elector of Trier has named the Bishop his Suffragan to go and compliment the King. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1768) VIII. xix. 53 Her [sc. a strumpet's] bed-side, surrounded..by her suffragans and daughters. 1760H. Walpole Let. to Mann 7 May, She made her suffragan, Whitfield, pray for and preach about him.
†b. Of things: A help, aid. Obs.
1644Bulwer Chiron. 16 So these suffragans of speech [sc. hands] by a lively sense afford that shadow which is the excellencie of the vocall pourtraicture. 1693D'Emilianne's Hist. Monast. Orders 35 The Canons of those times..frequently..were Helps and Suffragans to the Bishops.
B. adj.
1. bishop suffragan, suffragan bishop: = A. 1, 2.
1475Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 629 Prelatte or byschop suffrygane. 1534Act 26 Hen. VIII, c. 14 §1 Everie suche personne..shalbe callyd Byshop Suffragane of the same See wherunto he shalbe namyd. 1538Audley in Lett. Suppr. Monast. (Camden) 240 William More, clerk, byshopp suffragan of Colchester. 1671F. Phillips Reg. Necess. 442 The Arch-bishop of York, and his Suffragan Bishops. c1676T. Barlow Rem. (1693) 162 A Co-adjutor or Suffragan Bishop is, quoad Ordinem, really and properly a Bishop. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 69 No Suffragan Bishop shall have more than one riding Apparitor in his Diocess. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 301 The total income of the two archbishops, and of their ten suffragan bishops, will then be 70,938l. 1888Act 51 & 52 Vict. c. 56 It was enacted that the towns therein named should be taken..for sees of bishops suffragans. 1907Cath. Encycl. I. 691/2 In regard to his suffragan bishops the metropolitan may compel them to assemble in provincial council every three years.
2. Of a see or diocese: Subordinate to a metropolitical or archiepiscopal see.
1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 399 Valladolid, a Bishoprick, suffragan to Mexico. 1907Cath. Encycl. I. 692/1 To-day archbishops cannot visit a suffragan diocese, unless [etc.]. 1913T. F. Tout in Reg. J. de Halton Introd. 24 The see of Sodor, which, until the fifteenth century, was supposed to be suffragan to..Trondhjem.
fig.1784H. Walpole Let. to H. S. Conway 14 Aug., That the King of Spain, now he has demolished Algiers, the metropolitan see of thieves, will come and bombard Richmond, Twickenham, and all the suffragan cities that swarm with pirates and banditti.
Hence ˈsuffraganal a., pertaining to a suffragan bishop; ˈsuffraganate, the seat of a suffragan bishop; ˈsuffragancy, the office or tenure of a suffragan; ˈsuffraganship, the office or status of a suffragan.
1892Times 14 Oct. 11/2 The *suffraganal or nominal sees are as absolute shams as Wiseman's original Bishopric of Melipotamos in partibus infidelium.
1879Echo 11 July 2/5 Bedford is the town nearest to London that is mentioned in the Act of Henry VIII. as a suitable place for a *suffraganate. 1888Guardian 8 Feb. 186/2 The appointment of Sir Lovelace Stamer to the Suffraganate of Shrewsbury.
1864Spectator 25 June 742 The refusal of the Presbyteral Council of Paris to renew the ‘*suffragancy’ of the younger Athanase Coquerel.
1549Latimer 5th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 135, I meane not hallowers of belles, nor Christiners of belles, that is a popysh *suffraganship. 1583T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. i. 5 b, There were certaine Suffraganeships of cathedral churches conuerted into Bishopricks. a1661Fuller Worthies, Cumbld. (1662) 220 He was..made Episcopus Pissinensis..and therewith held the Suffraganeship under Henry Beaufort Bishop of Lincoln. |