| 释义 |
▪ I. dissipate, v.|ˈdɪsɪpeɪt|
[f. L. dissipāt- ppl. stem of dissipāre to spread abroad, scatter, disperse, f. dis- 1 + archaic vb. supāre, sipāre to throw, throw about, scatter. Cf. F. dissiper (14th c.).]
1. trans. To scatter; to drive or cause to go off in all directions; to disperse (that which has been concentrated). arch.
c1534tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden) 199 King Richerd..having gatherid a huge host..because he wold not dissypate his forces..resolvyd [etc.]. a1635Naunton Fragm. Reg. (Arb.) 24 She [Mary] both dissipated and persecuted the major part of her Brothers Councel. 1687Lond. Gaz. No. 2270/6 They have pressed and dissipated the Ships Company..about 70 in number. 1725Pope Odyss. vi. 160 A lion..Springs o'er the fence, and dissipates the fold. 1822Lamb Elia Ser. i. Mod. Gallantry, To pick up her wandering fruit, which some unlucky dray has just dissipated. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. iv. v. (1872) 161 Several have dissipated themselves, whithersoever they could.
b. intr. (for refl.) To pass away in all directions; (of a company) to disperse.
1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 63 Those shelves of sand, which do dissipate, and are spent in the sea. 1679Lauderdale Papers (1885) III. xciv. 163 The officers of the Dragoones required ym in the King's names to Dissipate. 1704Addison Italy 250 Woods that enclos'd the Lake, and hinder'd these noxious Steams from dissipating. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. iv. iii. (1872) 114 At sight of the..Switzers, Saint-Antoine dissipates; hastily, in the shades of dusk.
†2. trans. To scatter in defeat; to disperse in flight, to rout. Obs.
1602Warner Alb. Eng. xii. lxxv, The once ship-bearing Ley, by Alfred slu'ste in Three, To dissipate the Dane Fleete. 1670Milton Hist. Eng. ii. Wks. (1847) 493/1 The Legion..quickly broke and dissipated what oppos'd them. 1745–9Rep. Cond. Sir J. Cope 120 Able to tell his Majesty..that you have dissipated a Rebellion in Scotland. 1789Cowper Ann. Memorab. 6 Chiefs, whose single arm could boast Prowess to dissipate a host.
3. To dispel by dispersion or minute diffusion (mist, clouds, etc.); to cause to disappear; to disperse or ‘discuss’ (humours, etc.).
1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 401/2 They wil clerely dissipate and discusse the myst. 1601Holland Pliny II. 262 The root of marsh Mallow, doth dissipate and scatter all gatherings of humors to an impostume. 1696tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 116, A thick and black Smoak..was dissipated in a Moment. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 312 Restoring as much Water to the Blood as is dissipated by the Heat. 1810Shelley Zastrozzi iv. Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 21 The rays of the lamp but partially dissipated the darkness. 1875Lyell's Princ. Geol. I. ii. cccxvii. 396 When the acid is dissipated in the atmosphere.
b. fig. and transf. To dispel (care, fear, doubt, or anything compared to cloud or darkness).
1691Hartcliffe Virtues 165 Such Companions, as shall..dissipate our sorrows with their innocent Mirth. 1710Steele Tatler No. 4 ⁋8 [It] has dissipated the Fears of that People. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, I. iv. 78 Cool shades and exquisite viands in a moment dissipated heat and hunger. 1831Brewster Nat. Magic v. (1833) 103 This illusion may be dissipated by a process of reasoning. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 381 To dissipate his melancholy by breathing the fresh air of that noble terrace.
c. intr. To pass away by minute dispersion or diffusion; to disappear.
1626Bacon Sylva §632 The Spirits doe but weaken and dissipate, when they come to the Aire and Sunne. 1640Howell Dodona's Gr. (1645) 138 Libels neglected quickly find their own graves, and disipat to ayr. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 239 The Hardness sensibly dissipated. 1792Anecd. W. Pitt I. xx. 323 In a few weeks..the public prejudice began to dissipate. 1878B. Taylor Deukalion i. ii, Death and decay are things That dissipate beneath thy radiant eye.
4. trans. To disintegrate and reduce to atoms, dust, smoke, or impalpable form; to destroy or dissolve completely, undo, annul (material or immaterial objects).
c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII, 45 This matrimony..ought not in any wise to have been dissipated and dissolved. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 260 Fire is given to a trayne..and at length dissipates and blowes up the detested Syrian [an effigy]. 1647Jer. Taylor Dissuas. Popery ii. §4 (T.) The legate..revoked and dissipated all former grants. 1651Fuller's Abel Rediv., Chytraeus 419 The Wars..breaking forth..the University of Wittenburg was dissipated by reason of the same. 1692Ray Dissol. World iii. i. (1732) 303 Shall the Heavens and Earth be wholly dissipated and destroyed. 1798Malthus Popul. (1817) I. 318 Violent hurricanes, by which whole harvests are dissipated. 1869Phillips Vesuv. iii. 45 The crater itself was dissipated in the convulsion.
b. intr. (for refl.) To become disintegrated; to moulder to dust or impalpable atoms.
1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. i. 33 If it gave over its work..it would soon dissolve, dissipate and corrupt. 1880Disraeli Endym. ix, His whole position..seemed to dissolve, and dissipate into insignificant fragments.
5. trans. To scatter or consume wastefully (money, resources, faculties); to waste, squander.
1682Burnet Rights Princes ii. 68 The Goods of the Church might not be dissipated. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. I. viii. 175 The prelate had dissipated money beyond the income of his place. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. III. lxi. 550 The elder brothers dissipated their wealth in romantic adventures. 1852Thackeray Esmond i. ii, He had dissipated his small paternal inheritance. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 99 Rome could not yet afford so to dissipate her energy.
b. intr. (for refl.)
1622F. Markham Bk. War. v. vi. §2. 182 The Kings Treasure..which by any lavishnes of an..vnrestrained hand will soone dissipate.
6. trans. To scatter or distract (attention, thought, mental or practical activity) by variety of objects; to fritter away. The opposite of to concentrate.
1683Burnet More's Utopia (1684) 191 Their Priests think that too much light dissipates the thoughts. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 153 ⁋4 That application which had hitherto been dissipated in general knowledge. 1769Burke Corr. (1844) I. 182 Various matters have so dissipated me as to hinder me from a vigorous pursuit of this object. c1790Willock Voy. 285 The great variety..deranges and dissipates those powers, that in a state of nature have only one object. 1851Carlyle Sterling i. xii. (1872) 75 A gifted amiable being..in danger of dissipating himself into the vague. 1883Pall Mall G. 18 Dec. 2 Thought may be dissipated into a number of aperçus.
7. intr. To practise dissipation; to engage in frivolous or (now usually) dissolute pleasures.
1836T. Hook G. Gurney II. 274, I was rather out of spirits, so I dissipated in a glass of negus and a biscuit. 1839Marryat Diary Amer. Ser. i. II. 224 He dissipates awfully. 1859Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 408 The place is not harmless: people go there to dissipate, and do dissipate.
Hence ˈdissipating vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1657Cowley Dk. Buckhm., In dissipating Storms, and routed Battels they Did..constant with their Captain stay. 1818G. S. Faber Horae Mosaicæ I. 214 The mixed and dissipating society of a palace. 1891Spectator Mar., The education of the day is of a somewhat dissipating type.
▪ II. † ˈdissipate, ppl. a. Obs.
[ad. L. dissipāt-us, pa. pple. of dissipāre; or short for dissipated: see the vb.]
= dissipated.
1606G. W[oodcocke] tr. Hist. Ivstine Ep. Ded. A iv a, So dissipate and large Countries, so rich and populous Citties. 1619Bainbridge Descr. Late Comet 10 The Sunne rayes were there alwayes more dissipate then in the Comet. 1715Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 101 The best of the rebels' men are dissipate and cut off. 1765Petit. in Westm. Gaz. 28 Dec. (1894) 8/1 The means employed..in our youth for our instruction in religion and virtue are wholly dissipate. |