| 释义 |
diversity|dɪˈvɜːsɪtɪ, daɪ-|
Also 4–6 -te(e, 4–5 dyverste.
[a. OF. diverseté, diversité (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.) difference, oddness, wickedness, perversity:—L. dīversitāt-em contrariety, disagreement, difference, f. dīversus diverse.]
1. a. The condition or quality of being diverse, different, or varied; difference, unlikeness.
a1340Hampole Psalter cl. 4 Þai sown all samyn in acordandist dyuersite. c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 122 Ther was swich diuersitie Bitwene hir bothe lawes. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 32 Alle þese ben dyverse, after þe dyverste of here cause. 1494Fabyan Chron. ii. xlv. 29 The dyuersytie of that one from y⊇ other. 1530Palsgr. 76 Dyversite of gendre is expressed onely in pronownes of the thirde persone. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. xxii. §9 Diversitie of circumstance may alter the case. 1628T. Spencer Logick 240 A discrete Axiome is then framed according to Art, when the partes of it doe dissent by diversitie, not as opposites. 1697tr. Burgersdicius his Logic i. xxi. 81 Diversity is that affection by which things are distinguished one from the other. And is either real, rational, or modal. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 51 Through that diversity of members and interests, general liberty had as many securities as there were separate views in the several orders. 1882Farrar Early Chr. I. 247 Unity does not exclude diversity—nay more, without diversity there can be no true and perfect unity.
b. with a and pl. An instance of this condition or quality; a point of unlikeness; a difference, distinction; a different kind, a variety.
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. (1866) 35 Ȝit es þer a dyuersite by-twyx gastely and bodily dedis. 1481Caxton Myrr. i. xiv. 45 In the persones ben so many dyuersetees, & facions not lyke. 1665Ray Flora i. vii. 42 The White lily affordeth three diversities, two besides the common kind. 1731Pope Ep. Burlington 84 A waving Glow the bloomy beds display, Blushing in bright diversities of day. 1811Pinkerton Petral. I. 386 The colours being merely regarded as varieties: though some, from their rarity and singularity..ought rather to form diversities. 1859Mill Liberty iii. (1865) 39/2 People have diversities of taste.
†c. Divers manners or sorts: a variety. Obs.
1382Wyclif Exod. xxxi. 5 Forgid of gold, and of siluer..and dyuerste [1388 dyuersite] of trees. ― Ps. xliv. 15 The doȝter of the King..in goldene hemmes, aboute wrappid with diuersitees [circumamicta varietatibus]. 1610Shakes. Temp. v. i. 234 Roring, shreeking..And mo diuersitie of sounds, all horrible.
2. Law. (See quot.)
1848Wharton Law Lex., Diversity, a plea by a prisoner in bar of execution, alleging that he is not the same who was attainted; upon which a jury is..impanelled to try the collateral issue thus raised, viz., the identity of the person.
†3. Contrariety to what is agreeable, good, or right; perversity, evil, mischief. Obs.
1483Caxton G. de la Tour F vij, This quene..made unto the peple grete dyuersytees [moult de diversitez]. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1308 Wethyr it be good ar ony deversyte. 1513Bradshaw St. Werburge i. 2395 In all his realme was no dyuersyte, Malyce was subdued. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xvii. 18 They carey with them no cartis..for y⊇ diversities [Fr. diversités] of y⊇ mountaignes.
4. diversity factor Electr. (see quot. 1943).
1905Fabian Tract cxix. 6 When we speak of a good diversity factor we mean that the generating station is so happily situated that it meets a regular and constant maximum demand for diverse purposes... A continuous ‘diversity factor’ makes a good ‘load factor’. 1916Standardization Rules Amer. Inst. Electr. Engin. 17 Diversity Factor, the ratio of the sum of the maximum power demands of the subdivisions of any system or parts of a system to the maximum demand of the whole system or of the part of the system under consideration, measured at the point of supply. 1930Sci. Abstr. B. XXXIII. 388 Nomograms for determining the diversity factor of a network having a number of loads of different magnitudes and durations. 1943Gloss. Terms Electr. Engin. (B.S.I.) 90 Diversity factor,..the ratio of the sum of the maximum demands of the several consumers or loads to their maximum simultaneous demand.
5. Radio. Applied attrib. to a system of reception in which, in order to reduce the effects of fading, a signal is received simultaneously by several channels, the signal or combination of signals of best quality being automatically selected.
1930Proc. Inst. Radio Engin. XVIII. 1738 The R.C.A. receiving stations now employ the diversity system, usually with three antenna groups for a single unit. 1938Admiralty Handbk. Wireless Telegr. II. R. §54 Diversity reception. This is the name given to various schemes that may be utilised at a receiving station... If a signal fades at one place, it may be quite strong at another a few hundred feet away. 1960Electr. Comm. XXXVI. 123/1 Techniques of diversity reception have advanced rapidly... Two or more [radio] signals are separately received at different frequencies or over different paths. |