| 释义 |
▪ I. summit, n.|ˈsʌmɪt|
Forms: 5 somette, sommet(te, -ete, 6, 8 summet, (7 erron. somnet,) 7– summit.
[a. OF. sommette, somete fem. (AF. sumette), also somet, sumet masc. (mod.F. sommet), dim. of som, sum:—L. summum, neut. sing. of summus (see sum n.1). The modern spelling with -it is due to assimilation to summity, q.v.]
1. a. The topmost part, top; the vertex, apex; † the crown (of the head), boss (of a shield), umbo (of a shell).
1470–85Malory Arthur v. viii. 174 It clefte his hede fro the somette of his hede. 1471Caxton Recuyell (Sommer) 414 Vpon the somette or toppe of the tour, he maad an ymage of copre. Ibid. 615 The maystres had sette on the sommet or toppe of the hede of hector,..a vessell. c1477― Jason 16 Iason smote hym on the sommette of his shelde. a1513Fabyan Chron. ii. xxxi. (1811) 23 He buylded an Hauen wt a gate ther ouer... In the summet or pynacle wheron was set a vessell of Brasse. 1706Prior Ode to the Queen xxviii, Let Europe sav'd the Column high erect... Sublime the Queen shall on the Summit stand. 1784Cowper Task iii. 536 Golden flow'rs, Blown on the summit of th' apparent fruit. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 63 Shell thin,..with the summit pointed. 1859Tennyson Elaine 482 A wild wave..Green-glimmering toward the summit. 1866R. Tate Brit. Mollusks iv. 92 The tentacles.. bear the eyes at their summits.
†b. Bot. By an etymologizing alteration of Grew's semet, used for ‘anther’; and hence for ‘stigma’. Obs.
1731Miller Gard. Dict., Summits or Apices are those Bodies which contain the Prolifick Powder. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl., App., Summits of flowers, the same with the antheræ, or tops of the stamina. 1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) I. 5 The Germen, the Summit, and the Anthers, are all that are essentially necessary.
c. Geom. A point of a polyhedron where three or more faces meet, forming a solid angle.
1805–17[see summit angle in 4]. 1823Brooke Crystallog. 6 The regular tetrahedron,..contained within four equilateral triangular planes. The solid angle at a, is sometimes called its summit.
2. The topmost point or ridge of a mountain or hill. Also, the highest elevation of a road, railway, or canal.
1481Caxton Godfrey clxx. 251 Syon is toward the weste, on the sommete or toppe theron stondeth the chirche which is named Syon. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. iii. 18 It is a massie wheele Fixt on the Somnet of the highest Mount. 1697Dryden æneis x. 984 He, like a solid Rock by Seas inclos'd,..From his proud Summit looking down. a1700Evelyn Diary (1850) I. 3 Leith Hill, one of the most eminent in England for the prodigious prospect to be seen from its summit. 1736Gray Statius ii. 18 ætna's smoking summit. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 155 Some of the summits of the Alps have never yet been visited by man. 1859Dickens T. Two Cities i. ii, The last burst carried the mail to the summit of the hill. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. iii. 30 To witness the scene from the summit of the pass. 1891E. Roper By Track & Trail x. 148 Summit, in railway parlance, means the highest point attained by the line in crossing a mountain.
3. fig.
a. The highest point or degree; the acme.
1711Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Montagu 29 Mar., Wks. 1803 I. 223 Supposing I was at the very summit of this sort of happiness. 1758J. Kennedy Curios. Wilton Ho. (1786) p. xxvii, Literature had then attained its summit. 1848Pusey Paroch. Serm. v. (1873) I. 90 If love be the summit of all virtue, humility is the foundation. 1867H. Macmillan Bible Teach. vi. (1870) 108 The year has reached its golden summit.
b. The highest level, spec. with reference to politics and international relations; also ellipt. for summit conference, meeting, etc., sense 4 below.
1950W. S. Churchill in Times 15 Feb. 4/2 It is not easy to see how things could be worsened by a parley at the summit, if such a thing were possible. 1955Newsweek 11 Apr. 44/1 Only if the Big Four Foreign Ministers reached ‘a substantial measure of agreement’ would a further conference be convened—at the summit. 1957P. Frank Seven Days to Never i. 33 We haven't knuckled under, not at the Summit or anywhere else, and..the alliance stands. 1958Listener 14 Aug. 220/2 Then came the Czestochowa raid; the decision for this must have been taken at the summit. 1959Economist 11 July 92/2 While an agreement not to mention time limits may be enough to get from the foreign ministers' level to the summit, to reach a settlement there will require something more. 1967Spectator 30 June 757/1 The most certain result of the Glassboro summit, in fact, is no more than that Mr. Johnson's standing at home is now rather higher. 1978R. Ludlum Holcroft Covenant xxxi. 365 Since I left Brazil, I've not owned a weapon... I should like to have one now. Only for the duration of the summit.
4. attrib., as summit altar, summit crater, summit hill, summit line, summit pine, summit rib, summit ridge; summit angle = summit quoin; summit level, (a) the highest level reached by a canal, watercourse, railway, or the like; (b) a level place in a railway or stretch of water in a canal, with descending planes on either side; summit meeting, a meeting between heads of government, etc., to discuss matters of international significance (cf. sense 3 b above); also transf.; similarly summit conference, summit talks; summit quoin, the solid angle at a summit of a polyhedron.
1866J. B. Rose tr. Ovid's Met. 326 A beacon tower with *summit altars stood.
1805–17R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 121 The angle of the acumination, or the *summit angle.
1955Times 23 June 8/3 The senator's resolution demanding that the United States should refuse to attend the ‘*summit’ conference. 1959Encounter Aug. 33/2, I was running out of pennies, and had to have a summit conference with the [telephone] operator. 1977Whitaker's Almanack 1978 590/1 A unified political command for Egypt, Syria, and the Sudan was agreed at the end of the two-day tripartite summit conference in Khartoum.
1880I. L. Bird Japan II. 152 The flank and *summit craters of Monna Loa.
1718Prior Solomon i. 375 Higher than er'st had stood the *Summit-Hill.
1810J. T. in Risdon's Surv. Devon p. xxxii, Its *summit level would be 300 feet above the sea. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xix. (ed. 2) 439 Nor does the drainage from the summit-level always fall..into the head of these valleys. 1877Huxley Physiogr. 37 The summit-level of the Thames and Severn canal. 1901C. G. Harper Gt. North Road II. 249 The summit-level of this railway route.
1842Gwilt Archit. App. 838 These inter⁓sections form a curved *summit line.
1955N.Y. Times 5 May 2/5, I say at this moment I see no reason for that *summit meeting. 1963Ann. Reg. 1962 208 Krushchev suggested a Summit meeting. 1977Summit meeting [see SSRC s.v. S 4 a].
1882B. Harte Flip v, The *summit pines..rocked in the blast.
1895Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. ii. §246. 296 The *summit-quoins are symmetrical ditrigonally on the axis.
1842Gwilt Archit. App. 838 In Germany the *summit ribs [of a vault] are more frequently omitted than introduced.
1897Daily News 15 Nov. 5/5 The *summit ridge occupied by the enemy.
1955Times 7 May 8/7 There are certainly no indications that Washington has modified its resistance to ‘*summit talks’ with Russia in advance of preparatory soundings.
▪ II. † summit, v.1 Obs.
In 4–5 summyt(te, 5 summitte.
[ad. L. summittĕre, assimilated f. submittĕre to submit.]
trans. To submit, subject.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. pr. v. (1868) 49 Þanne summytten ȝe and putten ȝoure self vndir þo fouleste þinges. Ibid. iii. pr. x. 88 For þat veyne ymaginacioun of þouȝt ne desceiue vs nat and putte vs oute of þe soþefastnesse of þilke þinge þat is summyttid to vs. 1401Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 91, I summitte me to hem. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 125 Then the other vij. kynges schalle summytte theyme to hym. 1483Cath. Angl. 371/2 To Submytte (A. to Summyt, summittere).
▪ III. summit, v.2
[f. summit n. 3 b.]
intr. To take part in summit meetings.
1972Time 5 June 40 Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is willing to summit with the chap (probably at the end of the month). 1973New Scientist 5 July 30 Nixon the President, summiting and clowning with the visiting Brezhnev, and Nixon, the suspect, seeking to elude the Watergate noose. 1979Daily Mail 23 Jan. 5/2 When he is not summiting in the sunshine there is apparently nothing like All Creatures Great and Small..to help him forget crumbling pay norms and secondary picketing. |