| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈsummon, n. Obs.
Forms: 4 somun, sumun, sommoun, 4–5 somoun, 5 somoune, -own, summoun(e, 6 somon, 6–7 sommon, 4–8 summon.
[f. summon v.]
= summons.
a1300Cursor M. 23821 Ilk dai we se somun For to graid and mak us bun. c1320Sir Tristr. 171 He bad his kniȝtes lele Com to his somoun Wiþ hors and wepenes fele. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 539 To take her hyre he mad sumoun. a1400Morte Arth. 104 Ȝiff thow theis somouns wythsytte, he sendes thie thies wordes. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 10 Dukis and digne lordis,..Sembillit to his summovne. 1581A. Hall Iliad ix. 151 The Heraults they obayed, And when y⊇ kings the sommon heard, from him no whit they stayed. 1596Bacon Max. & Use Com. Law ii. (1630) 9 The Kings writs of Processe, be they Sommons, Attachments [etc.]. 1599Thynne Animadv. (1875) 66, I haue not my booke of somons of Barons to parliamente in my handes. 1629T. Adams Medit. Creed Wks. 1231 Esther durst not come into the Presence, till the Scepter had giuen her admission; a summon of that emboldens her. 1749Fielding Tom Jones ii. ix, Mr. Allworthy..gave orders that the bell should be rung without the doors... All these summons proving ineffectual [etc.]. 1800Bloomfield Spring Poems (1845) 12 Heedlessly they graze, Or hear the summon with an idle gaze.
b. attrib.: summon-master, one who directs the issue of summonses (fig.).
1618R. Brathwait Descr. Death 3 in Good Wife, etc. E 7, Death is..The Summon-maister of mortalitie.
▪ II. summon, v.|ˈsʌmən|
Forms: α. 3–4 somoune, 3–5 somony, 3–6 somon(e, 4–5 somoun, sommone, sowmoun, -own, (3 sumune(n, 4 somun(e, -own, summone, 5 sumoun, somowne, 6 sumon, -own, sowmon), 6–7 sommon, 4– summon. See also summond v. β. 3 someni, sumen, 3–4 someny, 3–5 somene, 3–6 somen, 4–5 somyn, somn-; 4–5 sompne, -y. (See somne v.2, sompne.) γ. 3–4 sumni, -y, 4–5 sumne.
[a. AF., OF. sumun-, somun-, somon-, pres. stem of somondre, semondre (see summond v.) = Pr. somon(d)re, semondre:—pop.L. *summonĕre for summonēre, in earlier L., to give a hint, suggest, in med.L., to call, cite, summon, f. sub- (see sub- 25) + monēre to warn (see monition).
The ME. forms with weak vowel in the second syllable (somene, sumene) underwent contraction when inflected for the pa. tense, pples., and vbl. n. (somned, somning, etc.): cf. somner, sumner1.
The earliest examples show assimilation in meaning, and partly in form, to ME. somni, OE. somnian, somne v.1, to assemble.]
1. trans. To call together by authority for action or deliberation. † Occas. with up. (See summons n. 1, 1 b.)
c1205Lay. 424 He heihte his folc sumunen & cumen to him seoluen. Ibid. 1482 Þa ferde wes isumned & heo forð fusden. Ibid. 19183 Ah nu ich wulle fusen & sumnien mine ferde. c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 26 Þo dede he somoni alle þo wyse clerekes þet kuþe þe laghe. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10379 Þe pope..alle þe bissops of engelond let someni to rome. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1800 Do sumne þe folk astyte, Þat þey come alle hedyr. c1330― Chron. Wace (Rolls) 3265 Belyn dide somone his Bretons. 1390Gower Conf. III. 327 He let somoune a parlement, To which the lordes were asent. 1472–3Rolls of Parlt. VI. 42/1 The Lordes..of this Reame, in this present Parlement somoned and holden at Westm'. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 112 Pope Paule by his legate Vergerius sommoneth the counsell of Mantua. 1605Shakes. Lear ii. iv. 35 They summon'd vp their meiney, straight tooke Horse. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. §12 If they had been frequently summoned, and seasonably dissolved. 1677–8Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 603 The Shrieues haue order to summon up all absent Parliament-men. 1711in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 137 He might have called to his assistance..15,000 good men..by summoning the voluntiers. 1748Anson's Voy. iii. vii, Thereupon the Governor had summoned his Council. 1758J. Dalrymple Ess. Feudal Property (ed. 2) 266 A distinction was made in the form of summoning the greater and the smaller vassals. 1769Blackstone Comm. iv. xx. 281 Those [contempts] committed by jurymen,..such as making default, when summoned. 1777Watson Philip II (1839) 357 That he should summon the general assembly of the States to meet at least once a year. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xxxviii, The Grand Master had summoned a chapter. 1820Gifford Compl. Engl. Lawyer (ed. 5) 73 A commission from the bishop, directed usually to his chancellor and others of competent learning; who are to summon a jury of six clergymen and six laymen. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xi. III. 29 No royal writ had summoned the Convention which recalled Charles the Second. 1877Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. i. iv. 44 The king once more summoned a great Council to meet him at Northampton.
b. To call (a peer) to parliament by writ of summons; hence, to call to a peerage. (See summons n. 1 b.)
1375Barbour Bruce i. 592 Thiddir somownys he in hy The barownys of his reawte. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 635 William Beauchamp who was summoned afterward to Parliament. 1885Freeman in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 462/2 One may certainly doubt whether Edward [I], when he summoned a baron to parliament, meant positively to..summon that baron's heirs for ever and ever. 1888N. & Q. 7th Ser. V. 391/2 Thomas Fane married Mary, daughter of Henry, Lord Abergavenny, 1574... She was summoned to the barony of Le Despenser,..1604.
2. To cite by authority to attend at a place named, esp. to appear before a court or judge to answer a charge or to give evidence; to issue a summons against. (See summons n. 2.)
c1290S. Eng. Leg. 74 He liet him somoune al-so To westmunstre, to answerien him of þat he him hadde mis-do. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 510 Al þe godemen of þe toune, Byfore þe bysshop dyden here somoune. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 146 Þei..somonen men to chapitre & bi fors taken here goodis. c1380― Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 205 Þei ben somynned and reprovyd many weies, and after put in prison. Ibid. III. 320 Þei somenen and aresten men wrongfully to gete þe money out of his purse. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 241 Oon of his bedellys..Cam with his potent instede of a maas, Somowned me. c1460Oseney Reg. 80 Sumne hym by a goode sumnyng that he be afore vs. c1480Henryson Mor. Fables, Sheep & Dog 18 Schir Corbie Rauin..hes..Summonit the Scheip befoir the Uolf. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 938 To somen, adjourner. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 100 James Hammelltoun..was sowmond..to wnderly the law. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. xii. §59 It is unfit that Ministers should be summoned, before each proud..under-officer. 1769Blackstone Comm. iv. xx. 279 The courts of common law..making it necessary to summon the party accused before he is condemned. 1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. xvii. 445 To summon uncanonical offenders into the archdeacon's court. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 167 A witness who will not come of himself may be summoned. 1887Courier 23 June, George Champneys..was summoned for wilfully assaulting Mr. Smeadon.
absol.1615Chapman Odyss. ii. 11 The Heralds then, he strait charg'd to consort The curld-head Greekes, with lowd calls to a Court. They summon'd; th' other came.
†b. To call (a plea) into court. Obs.
c1460Oseney Reg. 104 Whereoff ‘assisa of the deth of aunceturs’ whas i-sumned bitwene them In the forsaide Courte. Ibid. 115 Whereof þe plee of ‘conuencion’ whas i-summonyd bitwene them in þe same courte.
†c. transf. To call to account. Obs. rare.
1654–66Earl of Orrery Parthen. (1676) 610 The two Princes summoned Callimachus of his promise.
3. gen. To require the presence or attendance of; to bid (a person) to approach by a call, ringing a bell, knocking, or the like; with adv., to call (to a person) to go in a specified direction.
a1400Robt. Cicyle (MS. Harl. 525) in Parker Dom. Archit. (1853) II. 73 [He] somowned him a Barbour before, That as a fole he should be shore. a1536Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.) 97 Whan deth commyth,..Obey we must, þer ys no remedye; He hath me somond. 1566Painter Pal. Pleas. I. To Rdr., Their great Graundmother Eue when she was somoned from Paradise ioye. 1592Soliman & Pers. v. ii. 68 Ere we could summon him a land, His ships were past a kenning from the shoare. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, iv. vii. 16 Ile knocke once more, to summon them. 1683J. Kettlewell Help Worthy Commun. iii. v. 376 We are summon'd in to profess Repentance. a1700Evelyn Diary an. 1635, When near her death, she summoned all her children then living. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xii, The matin-bell strikes!.. I am summoned. 1832Brewster Nat. Magic vi. 132 The family was then summoned to the spot, and the phenomena were seen alike by them all. 1885‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay i, They were soon summoned to table.
4. fig. with immaterial or inanimate subject: To call, bid come or go. Often with adv.
1549Compl. Scot. Ep. 6, I beand summond be institutione of ane gude zeil. 1592Kyd Sp. Trag. ii. ii. 46 When Vesper ginnes to rise, That summons home distresfull trauellers. 1592Arden of Feversham iii. iii. 11 A gentle slumber tooke me, And sommond all my parts to sweete repose. 1608D. T[uvill] Ess. Pol. & Mor. 38 b, Heerein may their practice serue like a seuerer Censor,..and summoning the blood into our faces, make vs ashamed. 1629Wadsworth Pilgr. iii. 14 Euery morning the fift houre summons the vp. 1731Pope Ep. Burlington 142 The Chapel's silver bell you hear, That summons you to all the Pride of Pray'r. 1750Johnson in Boswell, The business of life summons us away from useless grief. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxxv, The attention of Morton was summoned to the window by a great noise. 1818― Rob Roy i, If my father were suddenly summoned from life.
absol.1604Shakes. Oth. iv. ii. 169 Hearke how these Instruments summon to supper. 1891‘Q.’ (Quiller-Couch) Noughts & Cr., Cott. Troy iv, Its [sc. the sea's] voice in his ears, calling, summoning all the way.
5. To call upon (a person) to do something.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 462 Ȝif crist haue sumnyd hem for to come not to hym. a1400Morte Arth. 1212 He somond than the schippemene..To schake furthe with the schyre mene to schifte the gudez. c1400Destr. Troy 1702 He somond all þe Cite..To a counsell to come for a cause hegh. c1450Merlin 249 This squyer hadde ofte Carados somoned to be a knyght. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 534 Cole-black clouds..Do summon vs to part. 1671Milton P.R. ii. 143, I summon all..to be in readiness..to assist. 1781Cowper Expost. 179 That moving signal summoning..Their host to move. 1825Scott Betrothed ii, He called..on a young..bard,..and summoned him to sing something which might command the applause of his sovereign. 1859Tennyson Guinevere 566 They summon me their King to lead mine hosts.
b. To call upon to surrender.[1471Caxton Recuyell (Sommer) 73, J the somone as legat..that thou yelde this cyte vnto his fader kyng saturne. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 36 The kyng..sent an heraulde to somon vs to rendre to hym this cytee. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 252 Donauerde, whiche being sommoned to render, had refused. 1643Baker Chron. (1653) 248 The Duke of Exeter was sent..to summon the Citizens to surrender the Town. 1842Borrow Bible in Spain xxxiv, A man advanced and summoned us to surrender.] 1603[see summoning vbl. n.]. 1607Shakes. Cor. i. iv. 7 Summon the Towne. 1773Goldsm. Stoops to Conq. ii. i, He first summoned the garrison. 1810Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1838) VI. 120 General Mermet summoned the place on the 12th. 1853Stocqueler Milit. Encycl. 271/2.
†6. To give warning or notice of, proclaim, call.
c1400Destr. Troy 205 He cast hym..In a Cite be-syde to somyn a fest. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. iii. 35 Summon a Parley, we will talke with him. 1611― Wint. T. ii. iii. 202 Prepare you Lords, Summon a Session.
7. Often with up: To ‘call’ (a faculty, etc.) to one's aid; to bring (one's courage, energy) into action; to call up.
1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 24 With food they summond theyre force [L. victu revocant viris]. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. ii. i. 1 Now Madam summon vp your dearest spirits. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 374 Relie On what thou hast of vertue, summon all. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 87 ⁋8 We..summon our powers to oppose it. 1780Mirror No. 87 ⁋7 Being obliged to summon up his resolution. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1816) I. xviii. 149 He summoned all his fortitude. 1865Trollope Belton Est. xxvi. 317 She had been driven to summon up all her courage to enable her to do so. 1886Ruskin Præterita II. 157 You paused to summon courage to enter.
b. refl. To ‘pull oneself together’. rare.
1821Scott Kenilw. xvi, He summoned himself hastily.
8. To call into existence; to call forth.
1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 1558 He summons into being, with like ease, A whole creation, and a single grain. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. iii. iii, M. de Calonne has stretched out an Aaron's Rod over France..and is summoning..unexpected things. 1841Whittier Lucy Hooper 28 Pain and weariness, which here Summoned the sigh or wrung the tear. |