| 释义 |
dogbolt, dog-bolt|ˈdɒgbəʊlt|
Also 5 -bolde.
[Origin uncertain; possibly sense 1 is the original, but sense 2 is known 130 years earlier.
(Johnson's surmise ‘Of this word I know not the meaning, unless it be, that when meal or flower is sifted or bolted to a certain degree, the coarser part is called dog bolt, or flower for dogs’, has no foundation.)]
†1. Some kind of bolt or blunt-headed arrow; perh. one of little value that might be shot at any dog. Obs.
1592G. Harvey Pierce's Super. 8 The dreadful engine of phrases instead of thunderboltes shooteth nothing but dogboltes and catboltes and the homeliest boltes of rude folly. 1612T. James Jesuits' Downf. 16 Is not this a..sacrilegious abuse of Gods..benefits..to make them dog⁓bolts in every bow, and shafts in every quiver, to draw out for the managing of any impious fact?
†2. Applied to a person as a term of contempt or reproach. Perh. orig. = ‘Mere tool to be put to any use’, or ‘one at the command of another’; but generally = ‘contemptible fellow, mean wretch’. Obs.
1465Marg. Paston in Paston Lett. No. 533 II. 249 Sir John Wyndefeld and other wurchepfull men ben mad but her doggeboldes. 1579U. Fulwell Ars Adulandi viii. I ij a, On mee attendeth simple Sir Iohn (a chaplayne..) who is made a doulte and dogbolt of euery seruinge man. 1584Lyly Campaspe (1632) G ix, [Granichus remarks] That Diogenes that dog should have Manes that dog-bolt, it grieveth nature and spiteth art. a1619Beaum. & Fl. Wit without M. iii. i, To have your own turn served, and to your friend to be a dogbolt. 1690Shadwell Am. Bigot iii. Wks. (1720) 267 Dog-bolt, to blast the honour of my mistress.
arch.1823Scott Peveril vii, I would not be such a dog-bolt as to go and betray the girl.
b. attrib. Wretched, contemptible. Obs.
1580Fulke Answers (1848) 212 He doth nothing..but..quarrel like a dogbolt lawyer. 1664Butler Hud. ii. i. 40 Now his dog-bolt Fortune was so low.
3. = dog n.1 7 a.
1824Archæologia XX. 555 (D.) The beams are..fastened to the sides with bolts not unlike our dog-bolts.
4. The bolt of the cap-square over the trunnion of a gun.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Dog-bolt, a cap square bolt. |