| 释义 |
donor|ˈdəʊnə(r), -ɔː(r)|
Also 5–7 donour, 7–8 doner.
[a. AF. donour, OF. doneur, duneor, mod.F. donneur:—L. dōnātōr-em, agent-n. f. dōnāre to present.]
1. a. One who gives or presents; a giver; esp. in Law, one who grants an estate, or power for execution. Correlative of donee.
1494Fabyan Chron. an. 1286 (R.) The ryghtfull inheritours, or suche as were next allied vnto the firste donoures. 1531Dial. on Laws Eng. i. xxviii. (1638) 50 After the death of the tenant in taile without issue, the lands shall revert to the donor. 1650Vind. Hammond's Addr. xii. §32 The Creator of the World, and sole doner of life. 1755Young Centaur ii. Wks. 1757 IV. 138 Enjoy, but enjoy reasonably, and thankfully to the great Donor. 1876Digby Real Prop. v. §3(2). 228 The doctrine..that a freehold interest in possession must pass instantly from donor to donee.
b. spec. A blood donor (see blood n. 21).
1910Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. XXI. 67/1 The serum of both donor and donee is capable of agglutinating the corpuscles of the other. 1936Brit. Med. Jrnl. 28 Mar. 651/2 The patient's blood should in any case be grouped... If possible suitable donors can be chosen and warned to be in readiness. 1962‘J. Le Carré’ Murder of Quality xviii. 178 ‘What was Stella's blood group, do you know?’ ‘Mine's B. I know that. I was a donor at Branxome. Hers was different.’
c. A person, alive or dead, from whom an organ or tissue is removed for surgical transplantation; also, an animal treated in this way.
1918Jrnl. Med. Res. XXXVIII. 35 In a number of cases the second lobe of thyroid from the third guinea-pig (the second donor) was transplanted into a control guinea-pig. 1930Physiol. Rev. X. 549 The experiments..were mainly carried out in guinea pigs and rats and..thyroid gland and cartilage were transplanted simultaneously from donor to host in each case. 1955Jrnl. Clin. Invest. XXXIV. 331/2 In two cases the kidneys came from living donors. 1963Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Sept. 645/2 (heading) Renal transplantation in man: a report of five cases, using cadaveric donors. 1971Daily Tel. 26 July 3/8 Doctors should only be allowed to remove an organ if the donor has given his consent in writing or if the nearest relative that it is practicable to contact, has given consent.
d. In artificial insemination: one from whom the semen is taken. Also attrib.
1947[see artificial insemination s.v. artificial a. 5]. 1950Ann. Reg. 1949 30 The Church could not condemn [artificial insemination] if the husband were the donor. 1958New Statesman 18 Jan. 58/3 (heading) Donor Babies. Ibid. 25 Jan. 98/1 To afford a new legally regulated status to A.I.D. would..establish the donors as a socially approved class of persons.
2. Chem. and Physics. An atom, molecule, etc., that loses a constituent part to something else; esp. (a) an atom, etc., that gives up a valency electron pair to another atom, so forming a co-ordinate bond with it; (b) in a semiconductor, an impurity atom which has a higher valency than the majority of the atoms and can give up a valency electron to the conduction band of the crystal; donor bond, a chemical bond which can be regarded as having had some of its strength transferred to another atom.
1927, etc. [see acceptor 3]. 1946Trans. Faraday Soc. XLII. 100 Here we have to consider both the electron work function of the donor and the electron affinity of the acceptor. 1952C. A. Coulson Valence ix. 252 This shows that the central C-C bond is an acceptor, acquiring bond order at the expense of the two end donor bonds. 1964Guirard & Snell in Florkin & Stotz Comprehensive Biochem. XV. v. 173 At the stage of purity studied, the transaminase has a rather broad specificity for both amino group donors and acceptors. 1966Chem. in Brit. II. 164/2 For triplet energy transfer from donor to acceptor to occur, the donor triplet must lie close to, or above that, of, the acceptor. 1971Sci. Amer. July 34/2 If there are more acceptors than donors, current is carried by holes (positively charged) and the material is designated a p-type semiconductor.
3. attrib., as donor card orig. U.S., an official card that can be carried by a person and states his or her blood group; a similar card authorizing the use of specified organs for transplant surgery in the event of the card-holder's death; donor country (see quot. 1959). (See also senses 1 c and d above.)
1964Bibliotheca Haematologica XIX. 659 (caption) Rare type *donor card. 1970Jrnl. Amer. Pharm. Assoc. X. 255/1 A boon to the transplantation of kidneys is now a reality. A uniform donor card now is available whereby anyone may leave all tissues and organs..to medical science upon death. Ibid. 256/1 Donor cards have been used by eyebanks and tissue banks..for a number of years. 1972Times 15 Nov. 2/8 (heading) Kidney donor cards display. 1975U.S. News & World Rep. 8 Sept. 66 Two organizations run nationwide programs to handle the donation of organs. Donor cards and information can be obtained from: the National Kidney Foundation, [etc.]. 1980Times 29 Feb. 2 If a person carries a donor card, saying he wishes his organs to be used in the event of his death, that should overrule any objections by the coroner unless there is a reason..why the organ should not be used.
1959Britannica Bk. of Year 546/1 Another political coinage [in 1958] was *donor country, a country giving financial or material aid to an underdeveloped nation. 1961Ann. Reg. 1960 471 At least one donor country was realizing that aid could easily go down the drain.
▸ donor fatigue n. a diminishing public willingness to donate to charitable causes, typically attributed to the frequency of appeals for money, or a feeling that such contributions have no real or lasting effect; cf. compassion fatigue n. at compassion n. Additions.
1948N.Y. Times 25 June 25/1 *Donor fatigue is a natural result of inflation. 1973E. M. Martin Devel. Co-operation i. i. 13 Comment on the current status and recent progress of the development partnership has been putting increasing emphasis on ‘donor fatigue’ with all aspects of development co-operation. 1978D. Rothchild & R. L. Curry Scarcity, Choice & Public Policy in Middle Africa iii. vii. 274 For many opinion formers in Third World countries, aid is viewed as an interference in their internal affairs which entails undesirable consequences in terms of structural dependency... The upshot is considerable recipient skepticism and donor fatigue. 2001Herald (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 7 Feb. Christian Aid says there is no evidence of donor fatigue since the earthquake in Gujarat, but such is our attention span that we don't want that human tragedy to bother us for more than a week. |