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▪ I. supplement, n.1|ˈsʌplɪmənt|
Also 5–7 supplyment, 6 suplement, 6–7 suppliment.
[ad. L. supplēmentum, f. supplēre supply v.1 Cf. F. supplément (from 16th c., superseding OF. supploiement, suppleement, suppliement), It. supplemento, Sp. suplemento, Pg. supplemento.
In sense 4 used as a noun of action to supple, supply v.1; cf. supplyment.]
1. Something added to supply a deficiency; an addition to anything by which its defects are supplied; an auxiliary means, an aid; occas. of a person. (Now rare in general sense.)
1382Wyclif Mark ii. 21 No man seweth a pacche [Vulg. assumentum] of rude [gloss or newe] clothe to an old clothe, ellis he takith awey the newe supplement [gloss or pacche; Vulg. supplementum], and a more brekynge is maad. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xxi. (Bodl. MS.) lf. 85 b/2 But þeiȝe sterres haue liȝte of here owne. Ȝitte to perfectioun of here liȝt þei fongeth supplemente [1495 supplyment; orig. complementum] and help of þe sonne. 1544St. Papers Hen. VIII, I. 764 The Lord Chauncelour..shall..admit and swere..Mr. Cox to be his Aulmoner,..and Mr. Cheke as a suppliment to Mr. Cox. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. viii. §10 Vnto the word of God..we do not add reason as a supplement of any maime or defect therin. 1628Feltham Resolves ii. [i.] xxxvii. 114 Minerva cur'd Vlysses of his wrinkles and baldnesse; not that she tooke them away by supplements. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 94 God would have afterwards raised other persons of Apostolical purity..to have made a Supplement to the former. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 250 Fording the River without such a Suppliment [as a bridge]. 1728Young Love Fame i. 12 Instructive Satire,..Thou shining supplement of public laws! 1856J. Richardson Recoll. I. vi. 142 As supplements to this bowl, small cups, brimming with milk punch were placed upon the table. 1861Paley æschylus (ed. 2) Supplices 154 note, Hermann's supplement σᾶς completes the anapaestic verse. 1893G. H. Pember Earth's Earliest Ages 67 How wonderful a supplement may, in the World to Come, be added to our present scanty information.
b. A part added to complete a literary work or any written account or document; spec. a part of a periodical publication issued as an addition to the regular numbers and containing some special item or items.
1568Grafton Chron. I. 3 As Iames Philip of Bergamo sayth, in the suppliment of his Chronicles. 1576Fleming tr. Caius' Dogs (1880) 44 The winding vp of this worke, called the Supplement. 1650Row (title) A Supplement of the Historie of the Kirk of Scotland. 1683Wood Life (O.H.S.) III. 35 He died Sunday 21 Jan. (20 Jan., saith the suppliment to his will). 1696Ray in Lett. Lit. Men (Camden) 202 To speed the finishing and fitting my Supplement for the Presse. 1779Johnson L.P., Cowley Wks. 1787 II. 22 His work, to which my narration can be considered only as a slender supplement. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man i. 5 In my ‘Elements or Manual of Elementary Geology’ and in the Supplement to the fifth edition of the same. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. II. App. 577, I accept his account..as a supplement, to the account in the Chronicles. 1887(Nov. 5) Special Literary Supplement to The Spectator.
c. Math. (a) † supplements of a parallelogram = complements of a parallelogram (complement n. 5 b). Obs. (b) supplement of an arc or angle, the amount by which an arc is less than a semicircle, or an angle less than two right angles; also attrib., as supplement-chord. (c) An additional term introduced in certain cases in an equation or expression (abbreviated supp.).
1570Billingsley Euclid i. Theorem xxxii. 53 In euery parallelograme, the supplementes of those parallelogrammes which are about the diameter, are equall the one to the other. Ibid. Prop. xliii. 53 b, Supplementes or Complementes are those figures which with the two parallelogrammes accomplish the whole parallelogramme. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Supplement of an Ark, in Geometry or Trigonometry. 1747T. Simpson Elem. Plane Geom. 138 If the Measure of the Supplement-chord of any Arch be increased by the Number 2, the Square-root of the Sum will be the Supplement-chord of half that Arch. 1801Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) Suppl. II. 630/2 The supplement of 50° is 130°; as the complement of it is 40°. 1842Gwilt Archit. §1038 ADE being a semicircle, BDE is the supplement of the arc AB, which arc, reciprocally, is the supplement of BDE. 1861Ferrers Trilinear Co-ordinates vi. 112 The angle between the asymptotes of the reciprocal hyperbola will be the supplement of that between the tangents. 1868Cayley Math. Papers (1893) VI. 263, I introduce into the equation a term called the ‘Supplement’ (denoted by the abbreviation ‘Supp.’)... The expression of the Supplement should in every case be furnished by the theory. 1884tr. Lotze's Logic 278, h. f2 x. d h..is the general term of this second series, and is what we must add as supplement to the general term of the first series.
†2. The action of supplying what is wanting; the making good of a deficiency or shortcoming.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 345/1 The feeste of all the sayntes was establysshed..Fyrste for the dedycacion of the Temple secondly for supplement of offences done. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 415 Mayster Chaucer to Skelton... Your besy delygence Of that we [sc. Chaucer, Gower, and Lydgate] beganne in the supplement. 1575in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1585. 261/1 Our said kirk..haveand neid and mister of beitment and supplement. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretorie ii. (1625) 76 For better supplement of the learners knowledge. 1591Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 611 Ane new gift of the saidis landis grantit with all dew solempniteis and with supplement of all faultis. 1610Donne Pseudo-martyr 21 Councels submitted their decrees to the Emperours for Authoritie, and supplement of defects. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 135 Equity is..either a remission or moderation of the laws..or..a supplement of the law in cases wherein things in conscience ought to be done.
b. Sc. Law. letters (or writ) of supplement, a writ issuing from the Court of Session to compel the appearance before an inferior court of a person who resides out of its jurisdiction. oath in supplement, an oath of a party on his own behalf, admitted to confirm imperfect evidence, such as the oath of a single witness, so as to constitute sufficient legal proof: cf. suppletory oath s.v. suppletory a. b.
1672in G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scot. (ed. 5) I. 331 note, The count-book, with the merchant's oath in supplement, was sufficient to make it a full probation. 1693Stair Inst. Law Scot. (ed. 2) iv. xlv. §17. 710 Whosoever is cited by a Messenger, to Compear and Depone by an Oath of Calumny, Verity or Supplement, if he do not Depone, he is holden as Confest. 1765–8Erskine Inst. Law Scot. i. ii. §17 The pursuer must apply to the court of session..for letters of supplement..containing a warrant to cite the defender to appear before the judge of the territory where the controverted subject lies. 1826G. J. Bell Comm. Laws Scot. (ed. 5) II. 66 note, If the original creditor do not live within the jurisdiction in which the arrestee resides,..he must be summoned by a writ of supplement from the Court of Session. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 378 s.v. Evidence, The oath in supplement is admitted to supply deficiences in legal evidence, where the party whose oath is allowed has brought what is called a semiplena probatio.
†3. The reinforcement of troops; chiefly concr. (sing. and pl.), reinforcement(s). Obs.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 137 Twoo M. archers, and foure hundred speres, was sente into Gascoyne, as a suppliment to the countrey. 1549Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 273, xvj Albanoys horsmen, to him allotted for the suplement of his band. 1600Holland Livy xlii. x. 1121 The Pretors also, who required to have a supplement with them into Spain. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Wars 421 Souldiers both of Horse and Foot were..drawn together..as a Supplement to the old exhausted Militia.
†4. The action of supplying or providing; that which is supplied; supply, provision. Obs.
1544St. Papers Hen. VIII, I. 766 We see manifest occasion of moche greatter charge, then was att the begynnyng consideryd;..and..as We cannot use any other present meanes, for the supplement hereof, thenne [etc.]. 1545Ibid. III. 519 Supposing that they have of His Majestie sufficient supplyment for ther furnyture. Ibid. 543 We coulde have no supplement of caske for their victualles, but suche as we had from..Waterforde. 1588Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 77 Generall puruier and president of the counsell of warre: whose office is..for the suppliment of garrisons. 1615Chapman Odyss. ix. 242 We had not spent Our ruddie wine aship-boord: supplement Of large sort, each man to his vessell drew. 1658Osborn K. James Wks. (1673) 494 The People, if they denied him supplement or inquired after the disposure of it, were presumptuous peepers into the sacred Ark of the State.
Add:[1.] d. A surcharge payable for an additional service or facility.
1923Railway Gaz. 29 June 949/2 Some of the [Pullman] cars are available..without payment of supplement, where they replace restaurant cars. 1932R. Fraser Marriage in Heaven I. xv. 89 He pushed her into a first class carriage and paid the supplement. 1968P. Moyes Death & Dutch Uncle x. 136 ‘I say—do you really think I could change trains?’..‘Of course, old man. You have to pay the supplement of course.’ 1979United States 1980/81 (Penguin Travel Guides) 35 The single traveler will have to pay a surcharge, called a ‘single supplement’, which in extreme cases can add 50{pcnt} to 75{pcnt} to the basic per-person rate. 1988Holiday Which? Mar. 73/4 Several tour operators do away with single room supplements at the beginning and end of the season.
▪ II. † supplement, n.2 Obs. rare—1.
[f. supple v. + -ment.]
Suppleness.
1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. i. 54 It [sc. whoredom]..consumeth the moysture and supplement of the bodie.
▪ III. supplement
var. suppliment.
▪ IV. supplement, v. (First in Sc. writers.)|ˈsʌplɪmɛnt, sʌplɪˈmɛnt|
[f. supplement n.1]
trans. To furnish a supplement to, supply the deficiency in; also, to supply (a deficiency). Freq. const. by and (more recently) with.
In recent story-writing, to add as a supplementary statement or remark.
1829Jas. Mill Hum. Mind (1869) II. 62 Clusters of sensations, supplemented by possibilities of sensation. 1833Chalmers Power of God i. vi. (1834) I. 224 The strong appetite of hunger supplements the deficiency of the rational principle of self-preservation. 1857J. W. Donaldson Chr. Orthod. Introd. p. viii, This work is a continuous essay, supplemented by a number of special disquisitions on certain important subjects. 1863Gladstone Financ. Statem. 442 The spiritual food is to be supplemented, as Scotchmen say, by something which finds a shorter way to their perceptions and their appetites. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 23 The two sets of dissimilar conditions supplement and throw light upon each other. 1875Rossetti Hood's Poet. Wks. Ser. ii. Pref. p. xv, It is now thought desirable to supplement that by a second volume. 1878M. E. Braddon Open Verd. i, If I am a poor creature as a parson, you supplement me so well, Selina, that, between us, I think we do our duty to the parish. 1888‘J. S. Winter’ Bootle's Childr. xi, ‘Yes, a disparity,’ answered Maud... ‘It means age!’ ‘And not less than twenty years,’ supplemented Pearl. 1890G. Gissing Emancipated I. i. v. 151 Then he strolled away and supplemented his meal with a fine bunch of grapes. 1940H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood iii. iii. 270 She realised she had forgotten her lunch, and she supplemented her tea with two boiled eggs. 1946Bible (Rev. Stand. Version) 2 Pet. i. 5 Make every effort to supplement your faith with virtue. 1952S. Kauffmann Philanderer (1953) vi. 97 When everyone else was making money, Robert was forced to supplement his insufficient income with his savings. 1977K. M. E. Murray Caught in Web of Words vi. 105 He had spare time in which to supplement his income by literary work.
Hence ˈsupplemented ppl. a., ˈsupplementing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1865W. Kay Crisis Hupfeldiana 80 Their cancellings, supplementings, and arbitrary assumptions. 1901Westm. Gaz. 30 Nov. 2/1 ‘You love the garden?’ she hazarded... ‘And everything in it,’ was his supplemented answer. 1904R. Small Hist. Congreg. U.P. Ch. I. 529 A winding-up was insisted on by the Supplementing Board. |