| 释义 |
dorsal, a. (n.)|ˈdɔːsəl|
[ad. med.L. dorsāl-is, f. dors-um back: cf. F. dorsal (13–14th c.).]
A. adj.
†1. Having a back: of a knife with one edge.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., A knyfe..is of two maners; one..Dorsall bycause it hath a backe and cutteth but on the one syde, and the other is Ansall.
2. Anat.
a. (Zool.) Pertaining to the back of an animal; situated on or near the back. (In this and b. often opposed to ventral.)
dorsal fin, the fin situated near the middle of the back in fishes, etc. dorsal nerves, those spinal nerves which arise in connexion with the dorsal vertebræ. dorsal vertebræ, those situated between the cervical and lumbar vertebræ.
1727–52Chambers Cycl. s.v. Nerve, Dorsal Nerves are in number twelve. 1769Pennant Zool. III. 32 The dorsal and anal fins. 1846Patterson Zool. 93 The heart [in Insects] is an elongated muscular tube, situated along the middle of the back, and hence called the dorsal vessel.
b. (Zool. & Bot.) Pertaining to, or situated on, the back (i.e. upper, outer, convex, or hinder surface) of any organ or part.
dorsal suture, the outer suture of a carpel or pod, corresponding to the midrib of a leaf.
1808J. H. Wishart tr. Scarpa's Aneurism Mem. ii. (1814) 116 The posterior [note, dorsal] part of the hernial sac. 1835Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 381 Internal expansions of the dorsal or ventral suture. 1882Vines Sachs' Bot. 441 The dorsal surface of ordinary leaves.
c. Phonetics. (Of sounds) made with the back of the tongue.
1933Bloomfield Lang. vi. 101 English has no dorsal spirants, but they occur in many languages. 1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 216 The dorsal sound found in the German ach is very common in Armenian.
3. gen. Of the back; forming a ridge like the back of an animal. rare.
1827Lytton Pelham xxv, Warburton, from his dorsal positions, so studiously preserved, either wished to be uncivil or unnoticed. 1868G. Duff Pol. Surv. 45 The great dorsal range that in Turkey corresponds to the Apennines.
B. n.
1. Anat. Short for dorsal fin or dorsal vertebra: see A. 2 a.
1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 220 Pectorals almost imperceptible..the dorsal and anal hardly visible. 1840G. V. Ellis Anat. 124 The spines of the vertebræ..from the sixth cervical to the third dorsal.
2. Eccl. = dossal b.
1870F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 79 The altar has an alabaster dorsal.
3. Phonetics. A dorsal sound.
1964E. Palmer tr. Martinet's Elem. Gen. Ling. ii. 50 A dorsal may also be alveolar.
Hence dorˈsality; ˈdorsalmost superl. a. [after uppermost, etc.], most to the back; ˈdorsalwards adv., towards the back (= dorsad).
1883E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 674/1 The dorsalmost pair of tentacles. 1887Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. Aug. 591 Nephridial tubes..projecting dorsalwards. 1951Archivum Linguisticum III. 135 Plosive release, tension and dorsality. |