| 释义 |
surpass, v.|sɜːˈpɑːs, -æ-|
[ad. F. surpasser (= obs. It. sorpassare), f. sur- = super- 2 + passer to pass.]
1. trans. To pass over, go beyond, overstep (a limit): often in fig. context; also, to go beyond (a certain period of time). Obs. or arch.
1588Kyd Househ. Philos. Wks. (1901) 240 The Ryuer..was swoln so high as it farre surpast the wonted limmits. 1652C. B. Stapylton Herodian i. 3 Infamous was the Life of Ptolomy, Surpassing bounds of Civill Modesty. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 894 Nor let the Sea Surpass his bounds. 1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 82 He cooks by the Hour-Glass..; and will no more surpass one Puncto of Time, than a scrupulous Virtuoso in the Concoction of his Stomach. 1788V. Knox Winter Even. II. v. viii. 173 In poetical excellence..he cannot be said to have often surpassed the line of mediocrity. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth. 237 If they are left to surpass the ordinary period, the succeeding growth suffers. 1839Thackeray Leg. St. Sophia of Kioff xix, Nor cared they to surpass the river's bank.
2.
†a. To pass or mount above; to surmount. Obs.
1639Drummond of Hawthornden Conv. w. B. Jonson Wks. (1711) 226 The one flying swift, but low; the other, like the eagle, surpassing the clouds. 1769Pennant Brit. Zool. III. 241 Salmon..gain the sources of the Lapland rivers.., and surpass the perpendicular falls of Leixslip [etc.].
b. To extend above or beyond. Now rare.
1601Holland Pliny xxvii. i. II. 269 High mountains also and the cliffes surpassing the verie clouds. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 80 This frontispiece hath a Minaret on each side which surpass it above three fathom in height. 1852Macgillivray Brit. Birds V. 474 Tarsus two inches long; wings surpassing the tail by two inches. 1880Nature 1 Jan. 212 Where mountain masses..surpassed the level of perpetual snow.
3. To go beyond (another) in degree, amount, or quality; to be or do more or better than; to be greater than, to exceed; to be superior to, to excel.
1555Bradford in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) III. App. xlv. 127 The natural love that I beare to my natyve countrye, surpassing all daungers that maye chaunce to my bodye and goods. a1586Sidney Arcadia i. xiii, Philoclea..muche resembling (though I must say much surpassing) the Ladie Zelmane. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. x. 58 This great Citie that does far surpas. 1625Meade in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. III. 209 You may see..how much this Plague, for the time and number, surpasses that of 1603. 1667Milton P.L. i. 778 They..who seemd In bigness to surpass Earths Giant Sons. Ibid. ii. 370 This would surpass Common revenge. a1700Evelyn Diary 5 May 1645, A villa..surpassing..the most delicious places I ever beheld. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. xxvi. (1819) 449 The gifts of nature always surpass the gifts of fortune. 1819Keats Fall Hyperion i. 337 The Goddess,..Surpassing wan Moneta by the head. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. v. (1842) 165 The silica will be in a state of division far surpassing any which can be obtained merely by mechanical means. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xviii. 133 The heat surpassed anything of the kind I had ever felt. 1874Green Short Hist. iii. §2. 118 In the rapidity and breadth of his political combinations he far surpassed the statesmen of his time.
b. To exceed (a specified measure, as weight, speed, etc.). rare.
1591in Picton L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 83 That anie one townes man..shall..buie anie rendred tallowe not surpassing one cwt of roughe tallowe. 1898Daily News 21 Sept. 3/1 The Boa was not put to her highest speed, but..she surpassed 24 knots an hour.
c. To go beyond (something done or existing) in action or achievement; to do something that is more or better than.
1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 289 When a Painter would surpasse the life, In limming out a well proportioned steed. 1728Young Love Fame iii. 120 The plenteous harvest calls me forward still, Till I surpass in length my lawyer's bill. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. xv. (1867) 176 Johnson surpassed all his preceding labours in his last work. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 249 These seeds not only germinated well, but in rapidity surpassed my expectations.
4. To be beyond the range, reach, or capacity of; to be more than can be attained, achieved, or apprehended by; to be too much or too great for; to transcend.
1592Sol. & Pers. iii. i. 101 The least of these surpasse my best desart. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iii. i. 2 The Temple much surpassing The common prayse it beares. 1642H. More Song of Soul ii. iii. ii. viii, Not multiplying beings to surpasse Their use. 1671Milton Samson 1313 Thy strength they know surpassing human rate. 1784Cowper Task iv. 710 His Paradise surpass'd The struggling efforts of my boyish tongue To speak its excellence. Ibid. vi. 759 Oh scenes surpassing fable, and yet true. 1850McCosh Div. Govt. iv. ii. (1874) 488 This surpasses the utmost exertions of human ingenuity. 1861Buckle Civiliz. (1873) II. viii. 504 The poverty and wretchedness of the people surpass all description. 1897Gladstone E. Crisis 2 The Armenian massacres have surpassed in their wickedness all modern experience. |