| 释义 |
surrealism|səˈriːəlɪz(ə)m|
Also † in F. form ‖ surréalisme, and with capital initial.
[ad. F. surréalisme, f. sur- super- + réalisme realism; the precise English equivalent would be super-realism (see super- 4 a (b)).]
A movement in art and literature seeking to express the subconscious mind by any of a number of different techniques, including the irrational juxtaposition of realistic images, the creation of mysterious symbols, and automatism (q.v., sense 5); art or literature produced by or reminiscent of this movement.
The term surréalisme, coined by Guillaume Apollinaire (see quot. 1917), was taken over by the poet André Breton as the name of the movement, which he launched with his Manifeste du Surréalisme in 1924; his statement there of the term's meaning is given in quot. 1935.
[1917‘G. Apollinaire’ Notes to ‘Parade’ in Table Ronde (1952) Sept. 45 De cette alliance nouvelle, car jusqu'ici les décors et les costumes d'une part, la chorégraphie d'autre part, n'avaient entre eux qu'un lien factice, il este résulté, dans ‘Parade’, une sorte de surréalisme.] 1927C. Connolly Let. 21 Apr. in Romantic Friendship (1975) 294 His [sc. Brueghel's] realism with people, ‘surrealisme’ with places, is like Crabbe. 1931[see populism b]. 1934C. Lambert Music Ho! ii. 78 Surrealism may conveniently be defined as the free grouping together of incongruous and non-associated images. 1935D. Gascoyne tr. A. Breton in Short Survey Surrealism iv. 61 Surrealism, pure psychic automatism, by which it is intended to express, verbally, in writing, or by other means, the real process of thought. 1952R. Bryden in Granta 29 Nov. 8/1 Sometimes we find that neither subject suffers from juxtaposition, but that together they form a new kind of experience to Surrealism, which we rather admire. 1970Oxf. Compan. Art 1115/1 Surrealism sought to explore the frontiers of experience and to broaden the logical and matter-of-fact view of reality by fusing it with instinctual, subconscious, and dream experience in order to achieve an absolute or ‘super’ reality. 1978Amer. Scholar Summer 357 It is clear, from what people say about contemporary surrealism.., that such poetry is supposed to be terribly mysterious, profound stuff. |