| 释义 |
drainage|ˈdreɪnɪdʒ|
[f. drain v. + -age.]
1. The action or work of draining.
1652in Stonehouse Axholme (1839) 91 The works..within the dicage and draynage of the Levell of Hatfield Chase. 1834[see 3]. 1861Smiles Engineers II. 152 Drainage by the old method of windmills, imported from Holland. 1883Syd. Soc. Lex., Drainage, surgical, the use of a Drainage tube, or of strands of horse-hair, silk, or other material..in a wound or suppurating cavity for the purpose of removing the fluids therein contained.
fig.1850W. Irving Goldsmith xvi. 189 This constant drainage of the purse. 1882–3Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. II. 905/2 That drainage by Rome of the very heart-blood of his fatherland.
2. a. A system of drains, artificial or natural.
1878Huxley Physiogr. 19 Such a line divides the western drainage of the country from its eastern drainage.
b. Porous matter, broken fragments, etc., used to drain a flower-pot. (Cf. draining 3.)
1892Garden. 27 Aug. 191 Pots..filled about three parts of their depth with clean drainage.
3. That which is drained off by a system of drains; sewage.
1834in Penny Cycl. XXI. 314/2 Their ideas of..drainage never extended to more than taking away the surface drainage. 1857Chambers's Informat. for People I. 495 The drainage..rises through a false perforated bottom covered with peat-charcoal. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea §555 Lake Titicaca..receives the drainage of the great inland basin of the Andes.
4. attrib. and Comb., as drainage-area, drainage-canal, drainage-district, drainage-line, drainage-shaft, drainage-system, drainage-tent; drainage-soaked adj.; drainage-anchor, -tube: see quots. 1883; drainage-basin, the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries; a catchment area; = basin n. 12.
1883Syd. Soc. Lex., *Drainage anchor..an india-rubber filament with laterally projecting arms..introduced within a cannula into the cavity of an abscess.
1873J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age (1894) 549 The *drainage-area of Maggiore, Lugano, and Como.
1882Nation 13 July 33/1 The topography of its immediate banks and that of its *drainage-basin..are fully set forth. 1885A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 2) iii. ii. ii. 352 The proportion of mineral matter in river-water varies with the season... Its amount and composition depend upon the nature of the rocks forming the drainage-basin. 1965A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (ed. 2) xvii. 469 A main river and all its tributaries constitute a river system, and the whole area from which the system derives water and rock-waste is its drainage basin.
1900Westm. Gaz. 20 Sept. 8/1 The opening of the *drainage canal has given Chicago an excellent supply of pure water. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. 434/1 Drainage canals are deeply cut to facilitate the drainage of surrounding land.
1881Moore & Masters Epit. Gard. 143 Keeping the..soil from mixing with the *drainage crocks.
1847Act 10 & 11 Vict. c. 34 §23 Separate *drainage districts.
1882A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 922 The permanence of *drainage-lines is one of the most remarkable features in the geological history of the continents.
1869R. B. Smyth Gold-f. Victoria 610 The main shaft in which the pumps..are fixed..is sometimes called the water shaft, and the *drainage shaft.
1891R. Kipling City Dreadf. Nt. 6 The damp, *drainage-soaked soil is sick with the teeming life of a hundred years.
1883Syd. Soc. Lex., *Drainage tube, a small..india rubber or coiled wire or other tube, with lateral perforations..passed through a cannula into the..cavity to be drained.
1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 69 Pumps..for carrying off the *drainage water.
[2.] [a.] Substitute for def.: An area drained; a river valley or drainage basin. (Earlier and later examples.)
1866R. G. Latham Dict. Eng. Lang. I. ii. 761/1 Drainage,..area from which the water is carried off by some natural or artificial channel; district drained: (as, ‘the drainage of the Po, the Thames, &c.’). 1960Nat. Geographic Jan. 131/1 At dusk we entered the eastern drainage of the mighty Congo. 1986New Yorker 1 Dec. 73/2 The department looked across the Continental Divide to the Colorado drainage. |