| 释义 |
▪ I. printing, vbl. n.|ˈprɪntɪŋ|
[f. print v. + -ing1.]
a. The action of the verb print, in various senses; an instance of this.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. iii. (Tollem. MS.), In comparison to þe formest party [of the brain] he be menely harde, þat þe prentynge of shappis [orig. formæ impressio] and of liknesse be þerinne þe longer holde. Ibid. xiv. ii. (Bodl. MS.), Þe printinge of þe sonne bemes is strenger in lowe places þanne in hiȝe. c1450Godstow Reg. 542 She strengthed hit with the pryntyng of her seale. 1532–3Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 13 No manne vnder the degree of a barons sonne..shall weare any maner embrodery, prickyng or printing with golde, siluer, or sylke. 1728De Foe Plan Eng. Commerce 296 It is but a few Years ago since no such thing as painting or printing of Linen or Callicoe was known in England. 1835E. Baines Hist. Cotton Manuf. 257 In some parts [of the East] block printing is wholly unknown. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1029 Unsized paper fit for printing upon stoneware. 1904Daily Chron. 22 Oct. 4/4 Finger-printing, first suggested and practically applied by Sir William Herschel, of the Indian Civil Service. 1966Listener 1 Sept. 301/2 In the United States they have far greater fingerprinting output than we have..though they have not quite universal printing. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing xv. 234 In programming editing operations for printing, it is essential to consider how the form will look to the user.
b. In Typography. (See print v. 6.) Also, the total number of copies (of a book) printed at one time; an impression.
1530Palsgr. 258/2 Printyng of bokes, impression. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 170 b, In which season [c 1457] the craft of Printyng was first inuented in the citie of Mens in Germanie. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 438 Their printing is not by composing the letters as with vs; but..they make for euery leafe a Table or boord, with characters on both sides. 1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 30 Caxton distinguished the books of his printing by the following particular device. 1837Hallam Hist. Lit. (1843) I. iii. §19. 148 The invention of printing..from moveable letters, has been referred by most to Gutenberg, a native of Mentz. 1928Publishers' Weekly 26 May 2117 A best selling novel... Four large printings were necessary before publication. 1933Morning Post 7 July 14/7 (Advt.), 7 printings in 5 weeks. Peter Abelard.
c. In Photography. (See print v. 15.) Also printing out: the production of an image without chemical development (cf. print v. 15 c); printing-out paper (abbrev. p.), a printing paper capable of being used for this.
1853Family Herald 3 Dec. 510/2 The printing of positives will take from three or four minutes to one hour and a half, according to the sun. 1855T. F. Hardwich Man. Photogr. Chem. 289 Photographic Printing... A. The exposure to light, or printing, properly so called.—B. The fixing and colouring [etc.]. 1891W. E. Woodbury Gelatino-Chloride of Silver Printing-Out Process ii. 6 One of the principal advantages of the chloride emulsion paper is its ability to give good prints from weak negatives—superior, in fact, to any that could be obtained by other printing-out processes. 1893Photogr. Ann. 49 These papers are somewhat quicker in printing. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 703/2 The most notable change in recent years is the supersession of albuminized papers by papers coated by machinery with emulsions of silver haloids in gelatine, the chloride being used for most of the printing-out papers,..while the bromide forms the basis of most of the developable papers. 1904Daily Chron. 28 Apr. 8/4 The sensitive paper—ordinary gelatino-chloride printing-out paper answers well. 1918J. R. Roebuck Sci. & Pract. of Photogr. vi. 127 Photographers generally still rank prints on printing out paper ahead of prints on developing paper, but the former requires more time and labor, so that they have gone largely out of general use. 1939[see printing paper (sense e below)]. 1968H. Asher Photogr. Princ. & Pract. (1970) viii. 230 Printing-out papers are not normally stocked by dealers but they are still obtainable. 1976K. I. & R. E. Jacobson Imaging Syst. ii. 54 One of the oldest systems.. uses printing out papers which produce visible images of good photographic quality directly on exposure to a strong light source..without the need for development or any other amplification process. Ibid. 55 Exposure to light of lower intensity for longer periods..causes these internal latent images to act as centres for the printing out of silver.
d. = print-through 1.
1949S. J. Begun Magn. Recording v. 98 Impregnated mediums exhibit ‘printing’ to an objectionable extent. 1950–1B.B.C. Quarterly V. 248 (caption) Records of printing at various frequencies. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio iv. 84 (caption) Printing depends on the thickness of the tape base layer, as well as temperature and physical shock.
e. attrib. and Comb., as printing-hammer, printing-industry, printing-material, printing-pad, printing-process, printing-roller, printing-works; in Typogr., as printing-letter, printing-plate, printing-room, printing-tool, printing-type; in cotton-printing, as printing-shop; in pottery-printing, as printing-colour; in Photogr., as printing light, printing negative; printing-body: see quot.; printing-cloth, cotton cloth made specially for printing; printing-cylinder, in some printing-machines, the cylinder by which the paper is pressed on the flat forme of type, the impression cylinder; printing-drum, a revolving drum in a printing-machine serving to guide the paper; printing-frame (Photogr.): see quot. 1875; † printing-irons, implements for coining; printing-machine, a printing-press of the kind used for printing rapidly and on a large scale, generally one in which mechanical power is employed; † printing-mould, ? a set of matrices for type: see mould n.3 2, matrix n. 4; printing paper, (a) paper used for printing on; (b) in Photogr. sensitized paper on which pictures are printed (also printing-out paper sense c); printing union = print union s.v. print n. 16 b; printing-wheel: see quot.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1015 Three kinds of glazes are used in Staffordshire; one..for the finer pipe-clay ware to receive impressions, called *printing body.
1883Daily News 22 Oct. 7/1 Cotton goods... *Printing cloth quiet, and rather unsteady.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1015 As to the stoneware..it is covered with a glaze composed of 13 parts of the *printing-colour frit.
1790Patent Specif. No. 1748, A is the *printing cylinder covered with woollen cloth. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1036 The paper is thus conducted from the first printing cylinder F, to the second cylinder G.
Ibid. 1037 Then encompassing the left-hand side and under portion of the *printing drum..it passes in contact with the..rollers.
1855T. F. Hardwich Man. Photogr. Chem. 159 With sensitive paper..the picture will look well on its first removal from the *printing-frame. 1858Printing-frame [see accelerator b]. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Printing-frame,..a quadrangular shallow box in which sensitized paper is placed beneath a negative and exposed to the direct rays of the sky or of the sun.
Ibid. 1801/1 The type-wheel is continuously rotated by an independent motor, the circuit of the *printing-hammer being closed when the letter is opposed to the printing-pad.
1976Times 23 Mar. 1/5 The union said in a letter to the *printing industries committee that the question had not arisen because of the dispute at Barnsley.
1531Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scotl. VI. 49 For bering of the kist with the *prenting irnis to the abbay. 1538Elyot Dict., Tudicula, a ladell, a pryntynge yron, wherwith vessell is marked.
1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 227 The Sizes of *Printing Letter would not perhaps have been carried lower than Brevier.
1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 267 Good *printing light.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade 302/2 Hand-presses are now for the most part superseded in large establishments by steam-presses, generally called *printing-machines.
1664Atkyns Orig. Printing 4 Thomas Bourchier, Arch-Bishop of Canterbury, moved the then king (Hen. the 6th) to use all possible means for procuring a *Printing-Mold..to be brought into this Kingdom.
1856Pract. Chem. in Orr's Circ. Sci. 206 For the production of a *printing negative.
1875*Printing-pad [see printing-hammer].
1806R. Sutcliff Trav. N. Amer. (1811) xiv. 258 The mill..is..employed in making writing and *printing paper. 1828Webster, *Printing-paper, paper to be used in the printing of books, pamphlets, &c. 1892Bothamley's Ilford Man. Photogr. App. 164 The printing paper of the future. 1905Westm. Gaz. 11 Mar. 14/2 Close contact between negative and printing-paper. 1939Mack & Martin Photogr. Process ix. 313 Silver halide printing papers may be divided roughly into two classes, viz.: printing-out papers (‘P.O.P’) in which the reduction of the halide to metallic silver is completed by the action of the light, no development being required; and developing-out papers (‘D.O.P.’) in which the latent image formed by exposure is subsequently developed. 1968G. L. Wakefield Introd. Photogr. viii. 146 A printing paper is coated with a sensitive emulsion similar to that on a film but much slower and generally sensitive only to blue light. 1976M. J. Rosen Introd. Photogr. v. 117/1 Photographic printing papers are manufactured in a variety of contrast grades.
1772Patent Specif. No. 1007 The top *printing roller and iron levers must then be raised. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 168 Printing a Cotton Gown... The inner roller revolves in the colour, and distributes it over the printing roller, which in its turn presses against the gliding cloth.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 215 The *printing shop is an oblong apartment. 1683*Printing Tools [see printing-house].
1976Times 23 Mar. 1/5 The union asked other *printing unions to follow its example and refuse to take part in joint meetings or federated chapels (office branches) where the institute was represented.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Printing-wheel, one used in paging or numbering machines or in ticket-printing machines.
▪ II. ˈprinting, ppl. a.
[f. print v. + -ing2.]
That prints, in various senses of the vb.
1841Wright & Bain Brit. Pat. 9204 In Sheet 3 we exhibit a side view,..of an electro-magnetic printing telegraph. 1849Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Notices & Abstr. 133 A colloquial and also a printing telegraph are used. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh v. 805 ‘Ah’, Said I, ‘my dear Lord Howe, you shall not speak To a printing woman who has lost her place..compliments, As if she were a woman’. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Printing-telegraph, an electro-magnetic telegraph which automatically records transmitted messages. The term is, however, generally applied only to those which record in the common alphabet. 1929Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. VIII. 267 Commercial telegraph operation..is carried on almost exclusively by two well known methods, manual morse and printing telegraph. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 674/2 Printing telegraph, a telegraph system in which the received signals are translated and operate a printing machine, giving a readable message. 1968Gloss. Terms Offset Lithogr. Printing (B.S.I.) 28 Printing pressure, the pressure applied at the point of contact between two printing surfaces to transfer ink from one surface to the other. 1971Gloss. Electrotechnical, Power Terms (B.S.I.) iii. iii. 7 Printing telegraphy, any method of telegraph operation in which the received signals are automatically recorded as printed characters. |