| 释义 |
▪ I. drove, n.|drəʊv|
Forms: 1–2 dráf, 3 drof, 4– drove, (5 drowe, north. drafe, draffe, drawe, 6 droave, Sc. drave).
[OE. dráf, from 2nd ablaut grade of drífan to drive.]
I.
†1. The action of driving. (Only OE.)
971Blickl. Hom. 199 He þa se fear þæs hyrdes drafe forhoᵹode.
2. A number of beasts, as oxen, sheep, etc., driven in a body; a herd, flock.
a1121O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1016 Hi drifon..heora drafa in to Medewæᵹe. c1350Will. Palerne 181 Whanne he went hom eche niȝt wiþ is droue of bestis. 1483Cath. Angl. 107 A Drawe of nowte [A. a Draffe of Nowte], armentum. 1555Eden Decades 300 They go..with theyr droues of cattayle. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 27 He had also, gathered together, as it were in a droave, much cattel. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xi. §48 Market day, when great droves of little Horses, laden with sacks of corn, allways resorted to the Town. 1837Lytton E. Maltrav. 11 He passed a drove of sheep.
b. transf. A crowd, multitude, shoal (of other animals, or of human beings, esp. when moving in a body; also fig. of things).
1014Wulfstan Hom. xxxiii. (1883) 163 [Hi] drifaþ ða drafe cristenra manna fram sæ to sæ. c1250Gen. & Ex. 102 It mai ben hoten heuene-Rof; It hileð al ðis werldes drof. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. viii. 29 Proteus..Along the fomy waves driving his finny drove. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 51 In draues as it war, returnes to thair awne cuntrey. 1607Hieron Wks. I. 230 That olde popish rule, to follow the droue, and to beleeue as the church beleeueth. 1692Washington Milton's Def. Pop. M.'s Wks. 1738 I. 494 Then a great drove of Heresies and Immoralities broke loose among them. 1724De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 164 The Welchmen came in by droves. 1857Hawthorne Fr. & It. Jrnls. II. 260 A ghost in every room, and droves of them in some of the rooms.
3. Locally, esp. in the Fen District:
a. A road along which horses or cattle are driven.
b. A channel for drainage or irrigation.
934Charter of æðelstan in Cod. Dipl. V. 217 Of ðam hlince andlang drafæ on ðonæ hlinc æt waddænæ. [1319Reg. Christ Ch. Cant. in Cunningham Law Dict. s.v., Pasturas..cum omnibus pertinentiis drovis viis semitis & fossatis.] 1664–5Act 16 & 17 Chas. II, c. 11 §13 Libertie..to passe and repasse upon any..Drove or Droves in or compassing the said Fenns. 1829[J. R. Best] Personal & Lit. Mem. 456 The major rode in the middle of the Drove (so our fen roads are called). 1844Camp of Refuge I. 44 Droves or cuts to carry off the increase of water towards the Wash. 1861Smiles Engineers I. 67 Many droves, leams, eaus, and drains were cut. 1893Baring-Gould Cheap Jack Z. I. 58 [In the Fens] there is no material of which roads can be made. In place of roads there are ‘droves’.
II.
4. A stone-mason's chisel with a broad face.
1825Jamieson, Drove, the broadest iron used by a mason in hewing stones. 1881Morgan Contrib. to Amer. Ethnol. 180 It shows no marks of the chisel or the drove.
III. 5. Comb., as drove-dike, drove-way; drove-road, an ancient road or track along which there is a free right of way for cattle, but which is not ‘made’ or kept in repair by any authority.
1865Kingsley Herew. xxi, He sprang up the *drove⁓dyke.
1823Blackw. Mag. XIV. 189 The *drove-road passed at no great distance. 1892Spectator 12 Mar. 355/1 The old rights-of-way known as ‘drove-roads’ [in Scotland]. 1895Daily News 1 Oct. 6/3 The drove road in Southern Scotland is the way once used by drovers..from the extreme north.
1239–52Rental Glaston. (Som. Rec. Soc. 1891) 44 Philippus bel tenet vij acras et quoddam iter quod vocatur *Drofwei. 1664–5Act 16 & 17 Chas. II, c. 11 §22 The twoe Drove wayes in the said Fenns called the North drove and South drove. 1726Laws of Sewers 181 Whereby Drove Ways, Bridges &c...shall be obstructed.
▪ II. † drove, v.1 Obs.
Also 4 druve, druvy.
[Early ME. drōven, a derivative of OE. dróf, drof, turbid, troubled, disturbed. Cf. dreve v.1]
1. trans. To trouble, disturb.
a1300E.E. Psalter iii. 2 Hou fele-folded are þai, Þat droves me to do me wa. a1300Cursor M. 11974 His moder mode wald he noght droue. a1340Hampole Psalter ii. 5 In his wodnes he sall druuy þaim. Ibid. vi. 2 Druuyd ere all my banes.
2. intr. To become troubled or overcast.
a1300Cursor M. 24418 Ouer al þe werld ne was bot night, Al droued and wex dime.
▪ III. drove, v.2
[f. drove n.; or back-formation from drover.]
To drive herds of cattle; to follow the occupation of a drover. (trans. and intr.)
1632Lithgow Trav. x. 459 Baptista the Coach-man, an Indian Negro droving out at the Sea-gate. 1805Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 328 Persons who drove to a considerable extent ought to have funds or friends of their own to be security for them. 1881Gentl. Mag. Jan. 61 Scores of highly born and bred men live by droving cattle.
▪ IV. drove, v.3
[f. drove n. 4.]
trans. To dress (stone) in parallel lines with a drove or broad chisel. Hence droved ppl. a.
1825Jamieson, Drove, to hew stones for building by means of a broad pointed instrument. 1830Gray Arithmetic 98 The Droved hewn-work of said house: the rybats and lintels of 6 windows..6 soles of ditto. 1842–76Gwilt Archit. §1914 In Scotland, besides the above described sorts of work, there are some other kinds, termed droved, broached, and striped. Droving is the same as that called random tooling in England, or boasting in London. Ibid. §1915 The workmen will not take the same pains to drove the face of a stone which is to be afterwards broached.
▪ V. drove
pa. tense (and obs. pa. pple.) of drive v.
▪ VI. drove
var. of drof a. Obs. |