| 释义 |
Dutch, a., n. (adv.)|dʌtʃ|
Also (4 duchyssche, 5 duysshe), 5–7 duch(e, 6 dou(t)che, dowche, duitch, dutche.
[a. MDu. dutsch, duutsch, duutsc, ‘Hollandish, or, in a wider sense, Netherlandish, and even German’ (Verdam), in early mod.Du. duytsch, now duitsch, ‘German’, = Ger. deutsch, MHG. diutsch, ‘German’, OHG. diutisc, popular, vulgar.
OHG. diutisc, OS. thiudisc, OE. þéodisc, Goth. *þiudisks:—OTeut. *þeudisko-z, meant ‘popular, national’, f. OTeut. *þeudâ-, Goth. þiuda, ON. þjóð, OS. thioda, thiod, OE. þéod (ME. thede), OHG. diota, diot, people, nation. In Germany, the adj. was used (in the 9th c.) as a rendering of L. vulgaris, to distinguish the ‘vulgar tongue’ from the Latin of the church and the learned; hence it gradually came to be the current denomination of the vernacular, applicable alike to any particular dialect, and generically to German as a whole. From the language, it was naturally extended to those who spoke it (cf. English), and thus grew to be an ethnic or national adjective; whence also, in the 12th or 13th c., arose the name of the country, Diutisklant, now Deutschland, = Germany. In the 15th and 16th c. ‘Dutch’ was used in England in the general sense in which we now use ‘German’, and in this sense it included the language and people of the Netherlands as part of the ‘Low Dutch’ or Low German domain. After the United Provinces became an independent state, using the ‘Nederduytsch’ or Low German of Holland as the national language, the term ‘Dutch’ was gradually restricted in England to the Netherlanders, as being the particular division of the ‘Dutch’ or Germans with whom the English came in contact in the 17th c.; while in Holland itself duitsch, and in Germany deutsch, are, in their ordinary use, restricted to the language and dialects of Germany and of adjacent regions, exclusive of the Netherlands and Friesland; though in a wider sense ‘deutsch’ includes these also, and may even be used as widely as ‘Germanic’ or ‘Teutonic’. Thus the English use of Dutch has diverged from the German and Netherlandish use since 1600.]
A. adj.
†1. Of or pertaining to the people of Germany; German; Teutonic. Obs. exc. as a historical archaism, and in some parts of U.S.: see B 1 and Dutchman.
High Dutch, of or pertaining to the South Germans who inhabit the more elevated parts of Germany, High German; Low Dutch, of or pertaining to the Germans of the sea coast, and flatter districts in the north and north-west, including the Netherlands and Flanders.
c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 311 Hie barnes bredeles. A horne and a duch ax, his slefe must be flekyt. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxli. 266 Lordes and knyȝtes of hir countre of beme and of other duche tonges. 1530Palsgr. 31 In propre names commyng out of the Greke or doutche tong. 1563Shute Archit. A iij a, French and dowche writers. 1570Levins Manip. 195/35 Dutche, Teutonicus. 1599Minsheu, Gente Alemána, the high Dutch people, the high Germans. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 132 When the Dutch knightes were Lordes of the countrey [Poland]. 1611Coryat Crudities 376 The Dutch word Zurich signifieth two kingdomes. 1788M. Cutler in Life, Jrnls. & Corr. (1888) I. 404 We baited our horses..at the first house, a Dutch cabin [in Pennsylvania]. 1884Sat. Rev. 14 June 785/2 The High-Dutch practice of ennobling every substantive with a capital.
2. a. Of, pertaining to, or characterizing the ‘Low Dutch’ people of Holland and the Netherlands.
Dutch school, a school of painters and style of painting which attained its highest development in the Netherlands, in which commonplace subjects, chosen from ordinary or low life, received consummate artistic treatment.
[1568(title) Propositions or Articles drawn out of Holy Scripture, showing the Cause of continuall Variance in the Duch Church in London.] 1606Dekker Sev. Sinnes (Arb.) 37 The short waste hangs ouer a Dutch Botchers stall in Vtrich. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl ii. ii, You'll have the great Dutch slop. 1617Minsheu Ductor s.v. Duchman, The Duch nation aboue all other haue had the glorie and fame..for their valour in warre..fortunate battels both by land and sea. 1742Pope Dunc. iv. 198 Each fierce Logician..dash'd thro' thin and thick On German Crouzaz, and Dutch Burgersdyck. 1822Scott Pirate xxvi, Brenda..ran from her like a Spanish merchantman from a Dutch caper. 1838Murray's Hand-bk. N. Germ. 16 The collections of pictures of the Dutch school. 1842Tennyson Gardener's Dau. 188 A Dutch love For tulips.
b. S. Afr. Of, pertaining to, or designating South Africans of Dutch descent; Afrikaans-speaking.
1731Medley tr. Kolben's Pres. State Cape of Good Hope v. 58 The Terror of the Dutch Arms was spread through all the Nations about the Cape. 1791G. Carter Narr. Loss Grosvenor xvii. 50 They had got out of the country of the Caffrees, and had reached the northermost of the Dutch settlements. 1852C. Barter Dorp & Veld vi. 52 Dutch families on their way to Maritzburg for the half-yearly ‘Nacht maal’ or sacrament. 1871J. Mackenzie 10 Yrs. North of Orange River i. 18 The ‘Nachtmaal’, or celebration of the Lord's Supper, by the Dutch Church, takes place several times in a year. 1954D. D'Ewes Mydorp xii. 70 He attended the Dutch Reformed Church regularly every Sunday. 1970Cape Times 28 Oct. 1/5 He had never had much hope in the liberal movement there, but had contacts with Dutch Reformed Church ministers and had never found them completely impervious to suggestion.
3. a. Of or belonging to the Dutch; native to, or coming from, Holland; first used, introduced, invented, or made by the Dutch.
1592Nashe P. Penilesse. [As hoary as Dutch butter]. 1667Wood Life (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 131 A. W. did transcribe on Dutch paper. 1681Trial S. Colledge 36 There was an Original drawn with a Pencil, upon Dutch Paper. 1695Congreve Love for L. iv. xxi, Dreams and Dutch almanacs are to be understood by contraries. 1698Lond. Gaz. No. 3358/4, 5 Cane Chairs, 3 Dutch Chairs. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop x, Late as the Dutch clock showed it to be. 1881Syd. Soc. Lex., Camphor, Dutch. Japan camphor is so called because it was introduced into commerce by the Dutch.
b. Often distinguishing a particular sort of article, originally made in or imported from Holland: e.g. Dutch barn, brick: see quots.; Dutch cap, (a) a woman's cap of lace or muslin with a triangular piece rolled back at each side; (b) a type of contraceptive pessary; = diaphragm n. 2 b; Dutch carpet, case, cheese, clinker: see quots.; Dutch doll, a jointed wooden doll; Dutch door (see quot. 1890); Dutch drops: see quots.; Dutch elm disease, a fungous disease of elms, first discovered in Holland, caused by Ceratocystis ulmi; Dutch foil, a very malleable alloy of 11 parts of copper and 2 of zinc, beaten into thin leaves, and used as a cheap imitation of gold-leaf; Dutch garden (see quots.); Dutch gilding, gilt, gold = Dutch foil above; Dutch hoe (see hoe n.2 1 b); Dutch interior, a painting of the interior of a Dutch room or house, esp. by the Dutch painter Pieter de Hooch (1629–83); also transf.; Dutch leaf = Dutch foil above; Dutch liquid, oil, Ethene dichloride, 2 (CH2Cl), a thin oily liquid, having a sweetish smell and taste; Dutch metal = Dutch foil above; Dutch mill, an oil mill for rape oil; Dutch oven (see oven n. 2 a); also slang, a person's mouth; Dutch pen: see quot.; Dutch pink [pink n.5], a yellow lake pigment; also slang, blood; Dutch pins, rubbers, a form of nine-pins or skittles; Dutch pump: see quot.; Dutch roll, (a) a roll in ice-skating, executed by gliding with the feet parallel and pressing alternately on the edges of each foot; (b) Aeronaut. (see quot. 1960); Dutch sauce, a sauce served with fish; = Hollandaise; Dutch tile, a kind of glazed tile frequently painted in colours; Dutch white, a pigment consisting of one part of white lead and three parts of barium sulphate; Dutch wife (see quots. and sense 4 below).
1743W. Ellis Mod. Husb. June x. 76 In order to enjoy his Hay finer than his Neighbours, he built him a *Dutch Barn, in 1738. 1886W. A. Harris Techn. Dict. Fire Ins., Dutch barn, a protection for hay, straw, &c., having the supports and framework of a barn, without the side and end boarding.
1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) Index 84 *Dutch Bricks, which they call Klinkers. 1890A. Rimmer Summer Rambles Manchester 35 Red ‘Dutch’ bricks in ‘Flemish bond’.
1726Mrs. Johnson Let. Oct. in E. Hamilton Mordaunts (1965) vii. 145 Misses coat fitts her very well, the *Dutch cap Miss Mordaunt is not at all reconciled to but will wear it if her Cosens doe. 1857D. H. Strother Virginia 68 His head..was surmounted by a tiny Dutch cap. 1922M. Stopes in Lancet 12 Aug. 357/2 Recourse may then be had to the inverted or Dutch cap. 1943J. H. Peel Textbk. Gynæcol. xxiii. 342 The best and most widely applicable is undoubtedly the Dutch cap pessary. 1960C. Watson Bump in Night iv. 44 Don't ever again describe bridesmaids as wearing Dutch caps. 1962‘H. Lourie’ Question of Abortion iv. 34 One patient..had proved not to be pregnant{ddd}she had come back for a Dutch cap. 1967M. Drabble Jerusalem the Golden vii. 155 Spread before her on the floor was a..dutch cap, an instruction leaflet, and various other accoutrements of contraception.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Dutch-carpet, a mixed material of cotton and wool, used for floor-coverings.
1874Knight Dict. Mech., *Dutch-case (Mining), a shaft-frame composed of four pieces of plank, used in shafts and galleries.
1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 7, 5 *Dutch Cheeses. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Dutch-cheese, a small round cheese made on the Continent from skim milk.
1856S. C. Brees Gloss. Terms, *Dutch clinkers, a description of brick employed for paving stables and yards, being exceedingly hard.
1797A. Barnard Let. 10 July (1901) ii. 57 What they [sc. Dutch ladies] most want is shoulders and manners. I know now what is meant by a ‘*Dutch doll’; their make is exactly like them. 1824Scott Redgauntlet Let. iii, All thy motions, like those of a great Dutch doll, depending on the pressure of certain springs. 1926W. Deeping Sorrell & Son vii, Her head was as neat as the head of a Dutch doll.
1890Webster, *Dutch door, a door divided into two parts, horizontally, so arranged that the lower part can be shut and fastened, while the upper part remains open. 1945Nelson & Wright Tomorrow's House v. 57 The kitchen also opens into the main room by way of..a Dutch door.
1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxiv, A bottle of *Dutch Drops. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Dutch-drops, a balsam or popular nostrum, prepared with oil of turpentine, tincture of guaiacum, nitric ether, succinic acid, and oil of cloves.
1927Gardeners' Chron. 19 Feb. 133/3 (heading) The *Dutch Elm Disease... The disease was first observed in Holland in September, 1919. 1931Science 30 Oct. 437/1 After the identification of the Dutch elm disease in Ohio, during the summer of 1930. 1968New Scientist 5 Sept. 489/1 The beetles that carry Dutch elm disease are attracted to dead or dying trees for egg laying.
a1772T. Whately Obs. Mod. Gardening (new ed.) (1801) iv. 153 To get too, as far as can be, the advantage of natural prospects, the artificial mounts of the flat *Dutch gardens should here be introduced. 1872A. Smee My Garden 584 The chief peculiarities of a Dutch garden may be said to consist in its being seen at one glance;..in the utmost symmetry being observed in all its parts..; in its trees being clipped sometimes into curious shapes and figures..; in its having long serpentine or straight walks..; [etc.]. 1899S. R. Hole Our Gardens 277, I asked an old gardener whether he could tell me anything about Dutch Gardens, and he made answer, ‘They be bits o' beds with edgings o' box, and gravel walks, and four sloping banks forming a square outside, and they be pratty toys for children, and very snug for varmint.’ 1902H. I. Triggs Formal Gardens pl. 58 Holland House, Kensington. The Dutch Garden. 1928L. Archer-Hind tr. Gothein's Hist. Garden Art II. xiii. 218 People were misled by the term ‘Dutch garden’, as it came to be used derisively in the eighteenth century. Ibid. 230 The Dutch garden must be reckoned as of the French school.
1759Symmer in Phil. Trans. LI. 375 A piece of paper, covered on one side with *Dutch gilding.
1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 51 Their..ware has leaves of untarnished *dutch-gilt stuck on.
Ibid. 1170 The gingerbread stalls..were..fine, from the *dutch gold on their..ware.
[1816M. Bryan Dict. Painters & Engravers I. 559 His [sc. P. de Hooch's] favourite subjects were the interiors of Dutch apartments..the sun shining through a window. ]1886Bryan & Graves Dict. Painters & Engravers I. 370/1 *Dutch Interior [by P. de Hooch]; a Lady playing the lute and singing, whilst a cavalier accompanies her. 1913E. Wharton Custom of Country i. v. 73 The hall, with..the quiet ‘Dutch interior’ effect of its black and white marble paving. 1940‘F. O'Connor’ (title) Dutch interior. 1966M. Catto Bird on Wing ix. 131 The lights were dim. It made an intimate picture. Like one of those cosy Dutch interiors: the burgher at home with his wife. 1970V. C. Clinton-Baddeley No Case for Police iii. 63 Like some picture of a ‘Dutch Interior’, the open door revealed a hall, and, beyond that, another open door... Only the traditional distant figure was lacking.
1848Fownes Elem. Chem. iii. (ed. 2) 404 Pure *Dutch liquid is a thin colourless fluid, of agreeably fragrant odour, and sweet taste. 1851Offic. Catal. Gt. Exhib. I. 191 Dutch liquid, chloride of olefiant gas, a new anæsthetic agent, said to be less irritating than chloroform. 1877Watts Fownes 'Chem. (ed. 12) II. 69 Dutch liquid having been discovered by four Dutch chemists in 1795.
1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 1245 Instead of leaf gold..they were covered..with *Dutch metal.
c1865Ure in Circ. Sc. I. 99/2 These mortars and press boxes constitute what are called *Dutch mills.
1769,1849*Dutch oven [see oven n. 2 a]. 1922Joyce Ulysses 419 O, cheese it! Shut his blurry Dutch oven with a firm hand. 1968Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 11 Aug. 7/2 Other relics of trail days, which time has not completely erased, are three beehive Dutch ovens built from native stone.
1727–52Chambers Cycl. s.v. Pen, *Dutch Pens, are those made of quills which have been passed through hot ashes, to take off the grosser fat and moisture thereof.
1758*Dutch pink [see pink n.5]. 1835Dutch pink [see English pink s.v. English a. 2 e]. 1853‘C. Bede’ Verdant Green ii. iv, That'll take the bark from your nozzle, and distil the Dutch pink for you, won't it? 1881J. Bell Anal. Foods i. 22 The leaves were slightly coloured with Dutch pink to impart a bloom.
1801Strutt Sports & Past. iii. vii. §10 *Dutch-pins is a pastime much resembling skittles; but the pins are taller and slenderer, especially in the middle pin, which is higher than the rest, and called the king-pin. 1809Sporting Mag. XXXIV. 236 A match at Dutch-pins for 100 guineas.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Dutch pump, a punishment so contrived that, if the prisoner would not pump hard, he was drowned.
1893Durham Univ. Jrnl. X. 103 Others have in spite of honourable endeavour been obliged to content themselves with mediocre achievement and *Dutch roll. 1939Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLIII. 795 Lateral oscillations, or ‘Dutch roll’, as they are sometimes called. 1960Electronic Engin. XXXII. 407 A ‘dutch roll’ is the characteristic short period lateral oscillation of an aircraft, involving yaw, roll and sideslip, which is excited either by rudder application, or a lateral gust.
1801Strutt Sports & Past. iii. vii. §4. 238 Some call this game [long-bowling] *Dutch-rubbers.
1573‘C. Hollyband’ French Schoolemaister fol. 55v Will you eate of a Pike with a high *dutche sauce? 1893T. F. Garrett Encycl. Pract. Cookery II. 387/2 Dutch or Holland Sauce (à la Hollandaise). 1955Oxf. Jun. Encycl. XI. 396/2 Hollandaise (or Dutch sauce) is made entirely of butter emulsified with egg-yolks and lemon juice—a sort of butter mayonnaise served warm.
1727–41*Dutch tile [see tile n.1 1 c]. 1753H. Walpole Let. 12 June (1903) III. 168 A cool little hall..hung with paper to imitate Dutch tiles. 1844Dutch tile [see tile n.1 1 c]. 1862Rossetti Let. 9 Jan. (1965) II. 435, I have had the fireplace covered with real old blue glazed Dutch tiles. 1957Granta 9 Mar. 19/3 He walked over the steeply pitched, loose Dutch tiles of the roofs as if he were on a dance-floor. 1968L. O'Donnell Face of Crime i. 11 The fireplace faced with authentic Dutch tiles in the traditional pale lavender depicting scenes from the Bible.
1886H. C. Standage Artists' Man. Pigments i. 5 White lead (known also as Ceruse, Cremnitz, *Dutch, Flemish, Hamburg, Venetian, or Roman White).
1891Farmer Slang II. 349 *Dutch-wife, a bolster. 1965W. Young Eros Denied xxvii. 271 We call..a masturbation machine a Dutch husband or wife. 1966G. Black You want to die, Johnny? vi. 114 ‘What's this great long bolster for?..’ ‘Colonial invention. For the hated Imperialists. Known as a Dutch wife.’ 1967Guardian 19 May 9/6 He will liberate man from dependence on the opposite sex by constructing what seems to be known in Japan as a ‘Dutch Wife’; a kind of life-size mechanical doll with built-in electric heating and all the other refinements.
c. In names of trees and plants, of species or varieties introduced from Holland, or common in that country; or sometimes merely to distinguish them from the common English variety or species; e.g.
Dutch agrimony, Dutch beech, Dutch clover, Dutch elm, Dutch honeysuckle, Dutch medlar, Dutch mezereon, Dutch myrtle, Dutch violet, Dutch willow, etc.; see these words. Dutch mice, Carmele, Lathyrus tuberosus. Dutch rushes, a species of Equisetum or Horse-tail used for polishing; shave-grass.
1548Turner Names Herbes A vj b, Albucum..groweth in gardines in Anwerp, it maye be named in englishe whyte affodil, or duche daffodil. Ibid. D v b. Ibid. E v. 1640Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1156 Sweet Dutch grasse with a tufted head. 1731–45Miller Gard. Kalendar 79 Imperial, Cos and Brown Dutch Lettuces. Ibid., The large-rooted Dutch Parsley. 1829Loudon Encycl. Plants 208 note, Ulmus suberosa, often called the Dutch Elm. Ibid. 891 note, Equisetum hyemale is imported from Holland under the name of Dutch rushes. 1849Carpenter Veg. Phys. §757 Minute particles of silex or flinty substance, whose presence renders one species,..the ‘Dutch Rush’, valued for its use in polishing furniture and pewter utensils. 1860Gardener's Chron. 774/2 Lathyrus tuberosus..is occasionally cultivated under the name of Dutch Mice. 1888G. S. Boulger Fam. Trees Ser. ii. 142 The Dutch Elm..was introduced by William III. for clipped hedges, on account of its rapid growth.
4. Characteristic of or attributed to the Dutch; often with an opprobrious or derisive application, largely due to the rivalry and enmity between the English and Dutch in the 17th c.
Often with allusion to the drinking habits ascribed to the ‘Dutch’; also to the broad heavy figures attributed to the Netherlanders, or to their flat-bottomed vessels. Sometimes little more than = foreign, un-English.
Dutch auction (so Dutch auctioneer), Dutch bargain, Dutch concert, Dutch courage, Dutch gleek, Dutch nightingale, Dutch uncle: see auction, bargain, etc. Dutch comfort, Dutch consolation, Dutch defence, Dutch feast, Dutch palate, Dutch reckoning, Dutch widow: see quots. Dutch act (see sense B. 4 below); Dutch lunch, Dutch party, Dutch supper, Dutch treat (orig. U.S.), one at which each person contributes his or her own share; Dutch wife, an open frame of ratan or cane used in the Dutch Indies, etc. to rest the limbs upon in bed.
1859Sala Tw. round Clock 21 The sale is conducted on the principle of what is termed a ‘*Dutch auction’, purchasers not being allowed to inspect the fish in the doubles before they bid. 1872Daily Tel. 30 Nov. (Farmer) The old Dutch auction, by which an article was put up at a high price, and, if nobody accepted the offer, then reduced to a lower, the sum first required being gradually decreased until a fair value was attained.
1830Virginia Lit. Museum 632 A *Dutch auctioneer, whose practice is to set up his wares at the highest price, and thence bid downwards till he meets with a purchaser.
1654Whitlock Zootomia 28 The contract..is not (like *Dutch Bargains) made in Drinke.
1796Grose Dict. Vulg. T., *Dutch Comfort, thank God it is no worse.
1773Barrington in Phil. Trans. LXIII. 267 What is commonly called a *Dutch concert, when several tunes are played together.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Dutch consolation. ‘Whatever ill befalls you, there's somebody that's worse’; or ‘It's very unfortunate, but thank God it's no worse’. 1888All Year Round 9 June 542 (Farmer) The expression often heard, ‘Thank Heaven, it is no worse’, is sometimes called Dutch consolation.
1749Fielding Tom Jones ix. vi, I am afraid Mr. Jones maintained a kind of *Dutch defence, and treacherously delivered up the garrison without duly weighing his allegiance to the fair Sophia.
a1700Evelyn Diary 25 Nov. an. 1682 (1955) IV. 296, I was exceedingly afraide of Drinking, (it being a *Dutch feast). 1785Grose Dict. Vulg. T., Dutch feast, where the entertainer gets drunk before his guests.
1904Columbus Post-Dispatch 21 Aug., Dancing was enjoyed by all as was the *Dutch lunch which was partaken of at intervals during the evening. 1954J. Symons Narrowing Circle xxv. 107 ‘Shall we make this a Dutch lunch?’..He was all there when it came to money.
1678Norris Coll. Misc. Pref. (1699) 3 Fit only for a Tavern entertainment; and that too among Readers of a *Dutch Palate.
1927Observer 8 May 13/3 *Dutch parties are rather more elaborate, in that while the hostess provides the dance floor, music, table, service, and cutlery, her friends bring along the drinks and the viands, raiding their family cellars and larders.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, *Dutch-Reckoning, or Alte-mall, a verbal or Lump-account without particulars. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Dutch reckoning, a bad day's work, all in the wrong.
1904Dallas Morning News 10 Sept. 6 Depriving themselves of money they need to buy plug-cut and *Dutch suppers with.
1887Lippincott's Mag. Aug. 191 ‘You'll come along too, won't you?’ Lancelot demanded of Ormizon. ‘*Dutch treat vous savez.’ 1937Sunday Express 14 Feb. 25/3 Are you a ‘Dutch treat’ addict? (In a Dutch treat every one buys his or her own drinks.) 1945‘L. Lewis’ Birthday Murder (1951) iii. 39 It's Dutch treat; he pays his own way and makes the women pay theirs. 1958‘A. Gilbert’ Death against Clock 81 We arranged to go to the pictures next night. Dutch treat.
1608Middleton Trick to catch Old One iii. iii, Hoord. What is that Florence? a widdow? Dra. Yes, a *duch widdow. Hoo. How? Dra. Thats an English drab sir.
5. Comb. (parasynthetic and adverbial), as Dutch-bellied, Dutch-built, Dutch-buttocked (see note to 4); Dutch-cut (like yews, etc. in Dutch gardening).
1672R. Wild Declar. Lib. Consc. 7 Such a Dutch-bellied, blundering, boreal Month as this March. 1676Rep. French Capers 4 Aug. in Marvell Growth Popery (1678) 59 Whether (as is imputed) all the Ships taken are Dutch built? 1823Moore Fables ii. 8 Some wished them tall; some thought your dumpy, Dutch-built the true Legitimate. 1868Darwin Anim. & Pl. II. xii. 8 The farmers continued to select cattle with large hind-quarters, until they made a strain called ‘Dutch-buttocked’. 1893T. C. Finlayson Ess. etc. 97 Many allow themselves to be ‘Dutch-cut’.
B. n. [Elliptical uses of the adj.]
1. The German language, in any of its forms. Obs. exc. in High Dutch = German [Hoch Deutsch]; Low Dutch = Low German [Platt Deutsch], that of the north and north-west (including Netherlandish: see next), which has not undergone the High German consonant-mutation, and thus is in form nearer to English and Scandinavian.
Pennsylvania Dutch, a degraded form of High German (orig. from the Rhine Palatinate and Switzerland) spoken by the descendants of the original German settlers in Pennsylvania.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 100 Wheþer it be..wryten in Latin in Englyssche or in Frensche or Duchyssche [v.r. Duche]. 1485Caxton Pref. to Malory's Arthur, Bookes..as wel in duche ytalyen spaynysshe and grekysshe as in frensshe. 1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. xv. (1870) 163 In Denmark..theyr speche is Douche. 1548Turner (title) The names of herbes in Greke, Latin, English, Duch and Frenche. 1578Lyte Dodoens v. xxxi. 590 Called..in high Douche, Melaunen: in base Almaigne, Meloenen: in Englishe, Melons. a1634Chapman Alphonsus ii. Plays 1873 III. 219 Good Aunt, teach me so much Dutch to ask her pardon. Empress. Say so: Gnediges frawlin vergebet mirs [etc.]. 1682R. Ware Foxes & Firebrands ii. 11 Translated out of Low-Dutch. 1721De Foe Mem. Cavalier (1840) 60, I spoke high Dutch. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 326 A chronicle of Nurenberg, in High-Dutch, written in the year 1585. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue §17 The Saxons were a border people, and spoke a Low Dutch strongly impregnated with Scandinavian associations.
2. a. The language of Holland or the Netherlands.
[1647H. Hexham (title), A copious English and Netherduytch Dictionarie.] a1706Dorset (Mason), Thy plays are such I'd swear they were translated out of Dutch. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue §470 The pronoun of the second person singular is lost in Dutch. 1872R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accid. §9 To the Low German division belong the following languages:—(1) Gothic..(2) Frisian..(3) Dutch..(4) Flemish..(5) Old Saxon..(6) English.
b. double († high) Dutch: a language that one does not understand, gibberish.
1789Dibdin Poor Jack ii, Why 'twas just all as one as High Dutch. 1876C. H. Wall tr. Molière I. 116 (Farmer) Though I have said them [prayers] daily now these fifty years, they are still double Dutch to me. 1879Spurgeon Serm. XXV. 297 The preacher preaches double Dutch or Greek, or something of the sort.
c. S. Afr. = Afrikaans n.; in full, Cape Dutch or South African Dutch.
1731Medley tr. Kolben's Pres. State Cape of Good Hope iii. 26 The People far up the Country, on the Appearance of Strangers, are us'd to say in Dutch, wat Volk, i.e. What People? 1798A. Barnard Jrnl. 11 May in Lives of Lindsays (1849) III. 437, I doubt much if my whole stock of Dutch amounts to two dozen of words. 1849N. J. Merriman Kaffir, Hottentot & Frontier Farmer (1854) 51 He knew Dutch well, and between the three tongues we contrived to make ourselves intelligible. 1936F. R. Thompson Matabele Thompson i. 25, I..became proficient in Dutch, and in the various native languages that I came across.
d. High Dutch (S. Afr.) [tr. Afrikaans Hooghollands], Netherlands (literary) Dutch as distinguished from Cape Dutch or Afrikaans.
1901Logeman & van Oordt How to speak Dutch (ed. 3) i. 31 The main points of difference between so-called ‘High Dutch’ and Cape-Dutch phonetics and spelling may be enumerated as follows. 1911H. H. Fyfe S. Afr. To-Day viii. 96 High Dutch..is not the language of the Dutch people in South Africa..the ‘taal’..is the common speech. 1936Haarhoff & van den Heever Achievement of Afrikaans i. 13 While we tried to write in High Dutch our thoughts were cast in rigid moulds;..and the result was often secondhand rhetoric. 1958L. van der Post Lost World Kalahari iii. 60 In High Dutch I wrote: ‘I have decided to-day.’
3. the Dutch (pl.)
†a. The Germans. Obs.
b. The people of Holland and the Netherlands; formerly called also Low Dutch. († Rare pl. Dutches.)
1577Remembr. Life Gascoigne (Arb.) 19 Wel plaste at length, among the drunken Dutch [margin He served in Holland]. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 155 Of mercenary soldiers..he had 4300 Polonians: of chirchasses (that are under the Polonians) aboute 4000, Dutches and Scottes aboute 150. Ibid. 257 He is served by the Swizzers and the Dutch. 1631T. Powell Tom all Trades (1876) 164 When our acquaintance tooke first life with those of the Low Countries..the Dutch..askt him [our Embassador] what handicraft our King was brought up unto. 1648H. Hexham Netherdutch & Eng. Dict. Pref., Having of late compiled a large English and Netherdutch Dictionarie..for the accommodation of the Netherdutches who are desirous to attaine unto the knowledge..of our English Tongue. 1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. clxvii, The toils of war we must endure, And from the injurious Dutch redeem the seas. 1777Watson Philip II (1839) 345 The success of Philip's arms..excited in the Dutch and Flemings the most alarming apprehensions. c1826G. Canning (in Lyra Elegantiarum 1867. 148) In matters of commerce, the fault of the Dutch Is giving too little and asking too much. 1831Sir J. Sinclair Corr. II. 180 The Dutch are distinguished by a great desire for cleanliness.
c. to beat the Dutch, to do something extraordinary or startling. that beats the Dutch, that beats everything. U.S. colloq.
1775Revolut. Song in New Eng. Hist. Reg. Apr. (1857) 191 (Bartlett) Our cargoes of meat, drink, and cloaths beat the Dutch. 1906M. E. W. Freeman By Light of Soul xx. 277 Well, you women do beat the Dutch. 1939Amer. Speech XIV. 267 If it is startling news, it ‘beats the Jews’ or ‘beats the Dutch’.
d. S. Afr. The Afrikaans-speaking people; the South Africans of Dutch descent.
1731Medley tr. Kolben's Pres. State Cape of Good Hope v. 57 There are at this Time the strictest Alliance and the closest Friendship subsisting between the Dutch and the several Hottentot Nations. 1776Masson Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 305 There is another species of animal called by the Dutch Bles-moll. 1850J. W. Appleyard Kafir Lang. 10/2 The Dutch language as generally spoken..by the Dutch themselves in the country districts, is very different from the Dutch as used in Holland. 1897[see Hottentot 1 a].
4. Slang phrases (orig. U.S.): (a) in Dutch, in disfavour, disgrace, or trouble; (b) to do a (or the) Dutch (act), to desert, escape, run away; also, to commit suicide.
1904H. Hapgood Autobiogr. of Thief vi. 112 A week later Dal was found dead in his cell, and I believe he did the Dutch act (suicide). 1909J. R. Ware Passing Eng. 120/2 We did a dutch with everything—even down to the coalhammer. 1912A. H. Lewis Apaches of N.Y. iv. 70, I don't want to put you in Dutch with your fleet. 1948M. Allingham More Work for Undertaker xxv. 286 He'll be in dutch if there's nothing to show at the end of it. 1953P. Frankau Winged Horse ii. iv. 134 Maybe Baron'll fire me when he knows I'm in Dutch with his family. 1958M. A. de Ford in J. Macdonald Lethal Sex (1962) 115 You can't face it..so you're doing the Dutch and leaving a confession. 1959E. Fenwick Long Way Down xx. 155 Scare the poor kid to death, probably—and get her in dutch with her people, too. 1965‘R. L. Pike’ Police Blotter (1966) ii. 37 The day Caper Connelly does the dutch, my guess is it'll be against somebody else. 1968J. Dos Passos Best Times ii. 69 While I plodded around..trying to explain my position and getting myself deeper in Dutch every time I opened my face, I saw marvellous scenes.
C. adv.
†1. In Dutch (or German) fashion. Obs.
a1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. ii. 364 Drinke Dutch, like gallants, let's drinke vpsey freeze.
2. With each person paying for his own food, drink, etc.; esp. in phr. to go Dutch (cf. Dutch lunch, etc., under sense A. 4 above). orig. U.S.
1914S. Lewis Our Mr. Wrenn v. 63 We'll go Dutch. 1957Economist 5 Oct. 14/1 To suggest a free trade area to any of them in such circumstances looks rather like proposing to a teetotaller that you and he go dutch on daily rounds of drinks. 1962Ibid. 29 Sept. 1213/3 There is ‘Dutch auction’, ‘Dutch uncle’, to eat out ‘Dutch’ with one's friends, and many more.
Hence ˈDutchlike a.; ˈDutchly adv., in a Dutch fashion, like the Dutch.
1599H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner P. v, On English foole: wanton Italianly:..Duchly drink: breath Indianly. 1818W. Allston in W. Irving's Life & Lett. (1864) I. 397 Impenetrably, and most Dutchly grave. 1889J. J. Hissey Tour in Phaeton 203 Flat Dutchlike country.
Add:[3.] [b.] Dutch light Horticulture, a cold frame in which the glass is a single large pane; also, the glass itself.
1939Amat. Gardening 18 Feb. (Suppl.) p. xx/1 (Advt.), *Dutch Lights are extremely useful for all gardeners and give abundant light with little shadow. 1950W. E. Shewell-Cooper Compl. Gardener vii. i. 581 Dutch lights are much used for lettuces, early carrots..for growing violets and hurrying along various bulbs. 1986Horticulture Week 28 Mar. 13/2, I carelessly left the half empty packet of seed on a Dutch light covering a nearby frame.
▸ Dutch pot n.1 (a) an earthenware cooking vessel of a type associated with the Netherlands; (b) chiefly Jamaican an iron cooking pot, used for roasting, baking, and frying (cf. dutchie n.).
1640W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. (rev. ed.) x. 435 And whensoeuer these parties meete, their parting is Dane-like from a *Dutch Pot, and the Minister stil purse bearer, defrayeth all charges for the Priest. 1794F. Spilsbury Art Etching & Aqua Tinting 28 Take one ounce of fine carmine, boil it in a clean earthen ware Dutch pot. 1930Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 26 Sept. 6/5 A man..shewed him accused's room... There they found..one stove, one dutch pot [etc.]. 1975Times 19 June 12/4 The biggest of Pearsons' traditional Dutch pots holds 8 pints. 2001A. Wheatle East of Acre Lane 180 Get your backside down from der before I conk you wid de Dutch pot.
▸ double Dutch adv. and n. (also with lower-case initial in the second element) N. Amer. (a) adv. (of rope-skipping) over two ropes turned in sequence; (b) n. a rope-skipping game in which two ropes are used; cf. sense B. 2b.
1895Harper's Mag. Feb. 421/2 He skipped ‘slow-poker’, ‘pepper-salt’, and ‘*double Dutch’ in Tompkins Square on Saturdays. 1947Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 60 31 ‘Double Dutch’, where two ropes were used and turned inwardly by two girls, each of whom held a rope in each hand. 1988S. Lee Do Right Thing (film script) (1989) 189 (stage direct.) The streets are filled with kids playing. We see stoop ball, double dutch. 2004M. M. Lewis Scars of Soul ii. viii. 135 The ladies jumping double-dutch..easily fall into step with the same culturally distinct rhymes from girlhood, skipping through the synchronized swinging ropes. |