| 释义 |
swing- in combination.
1. In general attrib. or adj. use (mostly without hyphen, as a separate word).
a. Applied to a piece of mechanism, apparatus, or utensil suspended, hinged, or pivoted so as to be capable of oscillating or turning to and fro: = swinging ppl. a. 1, 2. (See also 2.)
1791Rep. Comm. Thames-Isis Navig. 15 At the lower End of this Channel there is a Pen formed by a Swing Stride and Flood Gates. 1828P. Cunningham N.S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 213 Swing stoves and charcoal put on board, to carry about into the damp corners. 1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §1112 Centre point, or swing hinges, appear to be of two kinds. 1843Holtzapffel Turning I. 257 The whole load is quickly immersed by a swing crane into a tank of water about five feet deep. 1855Leifchild Cornwall 257 The miners worked in a swing stage, which they dropped against such parts of the side as they intended to take away. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Swing Tea-kettle, a kettle on a stand for table use, moving on pivots. 1869Rankine Machine & Hand-tools Pl. 02, The shaft, v, which is supported by fixed bearings, k, and the swing or movable bearings. 1885A. Brassey The Trades 379 The perpetual rolling and tossing of the vessel had warned us that in all probability the maximum clinometrical angle of the swing-table would ere long be reached. 1888Lockwood's Dict. Terms Mech. Engin. 363 Swing Table, the table of a drilling machine which is made to swing or swivel around the central pillar..in order to bring any desired portion of the work underneath the drill. 1909‘Q’ True Tilda xix, A swing-lamp shone down upon a white-covered table.
b. = swinging ppl. a. 3. rare.
1809W. Irving Knickerb. iii. ix. (1861) 112 He proceeded on a long swing trot through the muddy lanes of the metropolis. 1863Trevelyan Compet. Wallah (1866) 95 Going the whole way at a swing trot.
c. With advbs. forming attrib. phrases in sense ‘that swings in the direction specified’, as (hyphened) swing-away, swing-down, swing-out. See also sense 2 a below.
1965Wireless World July 3 (Advt.), Swing-away, lift-off mounting (optional).
1949Archit. Rev. CV. 241 A slightly less conventional example is the swing-down metal wash-basin with which the Viking is equipped. 1977Times 29 Apr. 13/4 There are 156 A class cabins each with two sofa beds, swing-down bunks, lavatory and shower.
1967K. M. Smith Insect Virol. v. 103 In this gradient a discrete band was obtained after 60 minutes centrifugation in a swing-out (Spinco SW25) head at 24,000 rpm.
2. a. Special Combinations: swing-back, (a) the back of a photographic camera, carrying the sensitized plate, arranged so as to be ‘swung’ or turned on a hinge or pivot into any required position; (b) the backward swing of a body, weapon, etc.; back-swing; (c) a movement of reaction to(wards) a previous state; (d) applied attrib. to a style of coat or jacket cut to swing as the wearer moves; swingball, a game of table-skittles in which a suspended ball is thrown to hit the skittles on the return pass; also (U.S.), a larger-scale version of the game played in a doorway; see also quot. 1980; swing-bar, a bar arranged to turn on a pivot; spec. a swingletree; swing-beam, a beam arranged to turn, or to enable something to turn, on a pivot or the like (see quots.); swing-bed, a movable stool-bed in a gun-carriage; also attrib., as swing-bed-plate; swing-boat, a boat-shaped swing used for amusement at fairs, etc.; swing bowler Cricket, a bowler who makes the ball swing; also swing bowling; swing-bridge, a form of drawbridge which turns horizontally on a pivot (either at one end or in the centre); swing-by, a change of course made by a spacecraft by using a planet's gravitational field (see also quot. 1967); swing-cart, a cart ‘swung’ or suspended on springs, a spring-cart; swing-chair, a rocking-chair; swing-coat, a fashionable coat cut to give a swinging motion when the wearer moves (cf. swing-back (d) above); swing-door, a door constructed to swing to or shut of itself; pl., a door made in two leaves, which are hung separately and furnished with springs that bring them back to meet in the middle when pushed open in any direction; swing-front, in a photographic camera (cf. swing-back); swing-gate, a gate constructed to swing to or shut of itself; spec. a form of this used in Australia for drafting sheep; swing-glass, a looking-glass suspended on pivots; swing hand Bridge, a hand which proves to be decisive for a team in the overall result of a rubber or match; swing-handle, a handle turning on pivots, esp. such an arched handle of a basket, pail, etc.; swing-jack (Jack n.1 10), see quot.; swing-jointed a., jointed so as to turn to and fro on a pivot; swing label = swing ticket below; swing man, (a) U.S. = swing n.2 12 e; (b) Mus., a jazz musician who plays swing music (see also sense 2 d below); (c) U.S. Sports slang, a versatile player who can play effectively in different positions; (d) slang, a drug pedlar; swing mirror = swing-glass; swing needle, a sewing-machine needle which can move sideways to the direction of work to accomodate another needle or to form zigzag or patterned stitches; freq. attrib.; swing-over, a change to a contrastive state or opinion; swing pass U.S. Football, a short pass to a back running to the outside; swing-plough (cf. G. schwingpflug), a plough without wheels; swing room U.S., a room in which employees may relax while (temporarily) off duty; swing-round, a striking change or reversal of direction (in quots., fig.); swing set, a set of children's play equipment, including one or more swings, supported by a rigid frame; swing-shift U.S., a work shift between the standard day and night shifts, esp. from the afternoon to late evening; applied to other irregular shift arrangements; swing-stoppered a., applied to a bottle whose stopper is clamped in place by a wire mechanism about the bottle-neck; swing-tail, † (a) a long tail that swings about; also attrib. having a sweeping tail or train; (b) Aeronaut., a hinged rear section of a fuselage which can be swung to one side to facilitate the loading of large items of cargo; freq. attrib.; swing-tailed a., having a long swinging tail; swing-tap, a tap constructed to turn horizontally on the supply-pipe and thus open or close the valve as required; swing-ticket, a tag or label which carries a guarantee or other information, and hangs loosely from the article to which it is attached; swing-tool (see quot. 1875); swing vote(r) U.S., the independent vote(r) that often decisively influences the result of a poll; also, a casting voter; swing-wheel, the escape-wheel of a clock, which drives the pendulum; also, the balance-wheel of a watch; also attrib.; swing wing, an aircraft wing whose sweep can be increased at high speeds to delay the development of shock waves and decreased at low speeds to provide more lift; freq. attrib. (with hyphen); cf. variable sweep. See also swing-rope, etc.
1862Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 3064, Portrait Camera, and lens with *swing back. 1878Abney Photogr. xxxiii. 269 A fair general focus can..be obtained by using with the camera a vertically-pivoted swing-back. 1890H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf iv. 98 It is an effect of stretching after an artificially long swing back. 1924Public Opinion 4 July 16/2 The swing-back to biblicism appears as an accomplished fact. 1945N.Y. Times 12 Aug. IV. 6/2 Legislation will be necessary to tide over those men who are unemployed while the gigantic swing-back to peacetime industry is being accomplished. 1952W. Cunnington Eng. Women's Clothes in Present Cent. viii. 280 Coats were swing-back, flared or tiered [in 1945]. 1972Daily Tel. 1 Mar. 5/1 The firm has charted a remarkable swing-back among its African personnel from rejection to timid acceptance. 1973Country Life 15 Mar. 723/1 Swing-back jacket in showerproof Terylene/cotton twill.
1935Popular Mechanics Dec. 925 (heading) ‘*Swing Ball’ table top action game of skill. 1955D. A. Hindman Handbk. Indoor Games & Stunts xii. 188 Swingball bowling... The player takes the ball and carries it any desired distance away from the doorway. 1977Sci. Amer. Dec. 39/2 They range from simple board games [to]..indoor versions of miniature golf, swingball bowling (the ball is tethered to the top of a doorframe). 1980Trade Marks Jrnl. 23 July 1316/2 Swingball... Games (other than ordinary playing cards) and playthings incorporating the use of balls. Dunlop Holdings Limited,..London, SW1Y 6PX; a holding company.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 293 These studs are inserted into a *swing-bar that can be bolted to the horizontal rails of the framing, in such position as will bring the intermediate wheels into proper pitch with the principals.
1852Burn Naval & Milit. Dict. (1863), Swing bar or *beam of a rocket frame. 1857P. Colquhoun Comp. ‘Oarsman's Guide’ 32 The swing beams are the long beams running along the [lock-]gates, by which they are pushed open. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Swing-beam. 1. (Railway Engineering.) A cross-piece suspended from the truck, and sustaining the car-body, so that it may have independent lateral motion. 2. (Carpentry.) A cross-beam supporting an over-head mow in a barn.
1852Burn Naval & Milit. Dict. (1863), *Swing bed of a field gun.
1861Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 107/2 All the caravans and *swing-boats, and what not, used to assemble there.
1958Times 11 Nov. 15/2 He made an uppish defensive shot against medium-paced *swing bowler, Strauss.
1953Times 27 Aug. 3/7 Wind tunnel experiments at this university have shown that spin plays only a secondary part in *swing bowling. 1963A. Ross Australia 63 iii. 87 This was swing bowling of the kind Statham does not often manage.
1791Estimate Works Thames-Isis Navig. 3 At Duxford Wear, a *Swing-Bridge for Towing-Horses, and Fence-Gates. 1898W. W. Jacobs Sea Urchins, Grey Parrot (1906) 213 The gangway was shipped, and..the Curlew drifted slowly away from the quay and headed for the swing bridge slowly opening in front of her.
1967Britannica Bk. of Year 1966 804/3 *Swing-by, an interplanetary mission in which a space vehicle utilizes the gravitational field of a planet near which it passes for changing course (a swing-by through the gravitational field of Venus on the way to Mars). 1970Nature 1 Aug. 434/2 The next opportunity to make a similar swing-by flight to Mercury will not occur until 1982.
1796H. Hunter London (1811) II. 107 Raspberries, which are raised chiefly for the use of the distillers, and conveyed to London in *swing carts.
1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §697 A *swing chair, formed out of ten pieces of elder tree. 1900E. Glyn Visits Elizabeth (1906) 18 She was lying in a swing chair, showing lots of petticoat and ankle.
1935Times 4 Nov. 7/1 There is a new flat *swing-coat in shower-proof Llamavel curl. 1939Country Life 11 Feb. p. xxxvii/2 (Advt.), The three-quarter ‘swing’ coat of dyed baby sealskin obtainable in black, brown, or cafe.
1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §765 The use of the *swing door..is to prevent the door from ever being left open in severe weather. 1863M. E. Braddon J. Marchmont I. i. 23 He was gone, and the swing-door slammed in Edward Arundel's face. 1895P. Hemingway Out of Egypt i. i. 3 As the waiters pushed aside the swing-doors of the buffet.
1892Photogr. Ann. II. 884 The wide angle lens is attached to the *swing front ready for work.
1774Garton Inclos. Act 5 No *swing-gates or other gates shall at any time be suffered. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 143 In the construction of the swing-gate, the bars are so long, that too much weight is often thrown upon the hinges. 1878E. S. Elwell Boy Colonists 214 This was something like a ‘race’ for drafting sheep, with a swing gate. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Squatter's Dream ix. 91 Mr. Stangrove..has no more idea of a swing-gate than a shearing-machine.
1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 81 A Dressing Table, and a *Swing Glass..{pstlg}2 10s. 1847Disraeli Tancred ii. vii, She threw a glance at her swing-glass.
1960T. Reese Play Bridge with Reese x. 41 Playing in a team-of-four match against strong opponents, I pick up this *swing hand.
1891Cent. Dict., *Swing-handle. 1896Jrnl. R. Horticult. Soc. Nov. 202 All fruit should be carefully placed in the basket (which is preferable lined or padded, and if with a swing-handle all the better).
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Swing-jack, a jack for replacing cars on the track; the bottom of the standard is a cylindrical segment, and has a toe working in a slot in the base of the jack. A pair are used, and the car being lifted while the standards are vertical, the latter are canted to or swung over, bringing the wheels of the car in line with the rails.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 595 The marker mn is another appendage to the [drill sowing-]machine... It consists of the bar mm, and the marking-rod mn. The latter is *swing-jointed on a stud fixed in the ends of the marker⁓bar mm.
1968J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 100 *Swing label, the cardboard label hanging from a garment giving name of manufacturer, size, price, etc.
1903A. Adams Log of Cowboy iii. 20 The herd trailed along behind the leaders..guarded by outriders, known as *swing men. 1936Delineator CXXIX. 10/3 There have been many other great swingmen whose names have become tradition. 1957D. Hague in S. Traill Concerning Jazz 123 Many years ago the best alto player among the swingmen was Johnny Hodges—and to-day he is still tops! 1969Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 6 Aug. a6/1 As the swingman last year the former Lane High All-Stater was used as a replacement for either of the Browns' starting offensive guards. 1972T. A. Bulman Kamloops Cattlemen xii. 72 Another rider, called the swing man, cut in about the middle of the bunch. 1972Sunday Sun (Brisbane) 2 July 14/2 Now he [drug supplier] is called the connection, the bagman, the swing man, the dealer. 1973J. Wainwright High-Class Kill 157 Tell us about all the dope he pushed... He was taking from his swingman.
1930Heal & Son Catal.: Matter of Taste in Furnit. (1972) 11 Toilet Table with two drawers and oval *swing mirror. 1978Cornish Guardian 27 Apr. 10/4 (Advt.), Mahogany swing mirror.
1954M. B. Picken Singer Sewing Bk. (ed. 2) 246/1 The twin needles provided for the *Swing Needle Machine allow you to do beautiful double stitching, using two different-colour threads. 1959R. P. Giles Needlework i. 6 The more recently introduced swing needle machines..are able to stitch automatically many embroidery stitches. 1961Observer 28 May 33/1 Swing-needle (zigzag) machines..range from {pstlg}50 upwards.
1927Daily Tel. 1 Nov. 13/5 Harden was twitted with the violence of his *swing-over. 1977G. Clark World Prehistory (ed. 3) ii. 56 The most striking change in respect of animals was a swing-over from heavy emphasis on gazelle to sheep and goat.
1960Washington Post 3 Jan. c4/2 They prattle knowingly of splits and gaps,..of flare passes and *swing passes. 1979Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 20 Sept. 1d/1 The hardest thing on a linebacker is the swing pass.
1733W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farm. 309 The Foot Plough, the Kentish Broad-board Plough, the Creeper, and the *Swing Plough. 1807A. Young Agric. Essex (1813) I. 127 In favour of the swing-plough it is contended that it is better calculated for fallowing, as the soil can be broken up to a greater depth. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 147 The Scotch, or swing-plough, drawn by 2 horses driven by the ploughman.
1917D. C. Roper U.S. Post Office xxv. 291 The modern ‘*swing’ rooms of many large post offices..have been made ideal club rooms. 1973‘E. McBain’ Hail to Chief iv. 56 Patrolman Gomez..was watching television in the swing room on the ground floor.
1940W. Empson Gathering Storm 71 The *swing-round of the Trade Unions to rearmament. 1959Times 16 Jan. 14/6 (heading) Swing-round in Paris markets.
1951Sears, Roebuck & Co. Catal. Spring and Summer 958/2, 3-Stunt *Swing Set. Non-tilt enameled wood swing seat..wood trapeze bar..metal trapeze rings, wood grips. 1978J. Irving World according to Garp xii. 230, I can travel across lawns, over porches, through swing sets.
1943Sun (Baltimore) 26 Mar. 1/5 (heading) *Swing-shift workers cross border for 15-cent highballs after California bars close. 1974Spartanburg (S. Carolina) Herald-Jrnl. 20 Apr. b5/1 (Advt.), Baby sitter..needed for swing shift in Pacolet area.
[1957Encycl. Brit. I. 225/1 Swing lever stoppered bottles.] 1972E. Fletcher Bottle Collecting iii. 51 In 1894, *swing-stoppered bottles were introduced for sterilized milk.
1683Lond. Gaz. No. 1861/8 One Bay Gelding..Aged about four years, with a *Swi[n]g Tail lately cut off. 1865Hunt Pop. Rom. W. Eng. I. 274 The squire..saw the old woman beating her step-daughter..about the head with the skirt of her swing-tail gown. 1959Wall St. Jrnl. (Eastern ed.) 20 Feb. 12/2 Feature of the cargo planes is a ‘swing tail’, which permits the whole aft section of the fuselage to swing aside. Ibid., Although there are other aircraft with rear-loading doors, the flight characteristics of the new swing-tail planes would be considerably better. 1963Economist 21 Sept. 1013/2 The swing-tail version of the Bristol Britannia. 1980Jane's Encycl. Aviation II. 370/1 Commercial Forty-Fours..were built with swing-tails for straight-in loading as CL-44D4s.
1609Blundevil Art of Riding i. xiii. D iv, Ouermuch spurringe wil make him *swing tailed, and speciallye if he be a Gennet, or Turkye horse, whose tayles be alwayes lose and at libertye.
1892Photogr. Ann. II. 466 A galvanised iron cistern..fitted with nickel⁓plated *swing tap.
1962B.S.I. News July 10/1 Many of the chromium-plated goods on show carried the now familiar *swing ticket indicating that the chrome conformed to British Standard. 1972Times 27 June 11/4 Size and price can both go on swing tickets.
1846Holtzapffel Turning II. 849 Various kinds of *swing tools, used by watchmakers in filing and polishing small flat works. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Swing-tool, a holder which swings on horizontal centers, so as to yield to unequal pressure and keep the plate flat against the face of the file.
1970New Yorker 12 Dec. 63/3 Sellers told him that Fong was one of the *swing votes. 1978H. Kemelman Thursday Rabbi walked Out (1979) iii. 21 Blair and Mitchener will vote for it... So that leaves Cunningham. He's the swing vote.
1966Economist 5 Mar. 898/2 He is expected to join Mr Daane as a ‘*swing voter’, leaving Mr Martin with only one conservative colleague.
1696Derham Artif. Clockm. i. 4 The Crown-Wheel in Small pieces, and *Swing-Wheel in Royal Pendulums, is that Wheel which drives the Ballance, or Pendulum. 1826T. Reid Clock & Watch Making xii. 275 A spring, acting on the pin, brought the nib in a contrary direction, to act on the third wheel teeth, by which it gave motion to the swing-wheel during the time of winding. 1846Holtzapffel Turning II. 826 Balance-wheel or swing-wheel files, the convex side cut, the angular sides safe.
1965New Scientist 22 Apr. 217/1 One new project in view is the development..of a *swing-wing aeroplane. 1976Farnborough Internat. Exhibition (Official Programme) 8/1 Swing wings..permit Tornado to achieve its best performance in all sections of its flight. 1978G. Vidal Kalki i. 5, I persuaded Boeing to drop the variable-geometry (or swing-wing) aircraft in favor of the fixed delta-shaped wing and tail plane.
b. In designations of the swingle and swingle-tree used in dressing flax.
(Cf. MHG. swinge-blok, swingletree, G. schwingstock, schwingbrett, schwingmesser.)
1825Jamieson, Cogster, the person who, in the act of swingling flax, first breaks it with a swing-bat, and then throws it to another. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 486 Two distinct pieces of apparatus belong to it [sc. winnowing of flax], namely, the swing-stock and the swing-knife.
c. Dynamics. In terms used by Clifford for various geometrical figures or lines having relation to the oscillation of a body, as swing-conic, swing-ellipse, swing-ellipsoid, swing-quadric, swing-radius.
1887W. K. Clifford Elem. Dynamic i. iv. 17 The second moment of an area in regard to any line, divided by the area itself, is the square of a length which is called the swing-radius of the area in regard to the line, or of the line in regard to the area. Ibid. 24, 34.
d. Mus. The jazz sense of ‘swing’ (swing n.2 10 b) used attrib. and in Comb., as swing band, swing craze, swing music, etc.; swing-minded adj.
1933Fortune Aug. 90/3 The best white ensembles usually compromise by playing both sweet and hot music. This is true of Ben Pollack's excellent swing band of Chicago (with Trombonist Teagarden and other crack soloists). 1935(title) Swing music. 1937L. Armstrong Swing that Music xiv. 117 People were beginning now to understand more clearly the difference between a swing orchestra and an ordinary popular orchestra. 1938Sat. Even. Post 7 May 112/2 If any one musician brought about the Swing Age, it is Benny Goodman. 1939A. Huxley After Many a Summer i. xiii. 178 Real romance, like in the pictures, with moonlight, and swing music. 1941Melody Maker 12 July 4/2 Which would you say is the most swing-minded provincial town in the British Isles? 1945Koestler Twilight Bar 11 The swing-band at the Ritz is also on strike, so they play for them. 1947R. de Toledano Frontiers of Jazz v. 68 A combination of events set off the ‘swing’ craze. 1949L. Feather Inside Be-Bop i. 3 The swing era brought jazz to the attention of the public in the 1930's. 1952A. Lomax Mister Jelly Roll 292 Jelly Roll tried to compete with the swing bands. 1956M. Stearns Story of Jazz (1957) xvi. 189 It was this style, made famous by Benny Goodman and brought to a peak by the Count Basie Band, that characterized the Swing Era. 1968Blues Unlimited Nov. 23 It features a superb vocal with encouragement from someone in the band in the true hot western swing tradition of Bob Wills. 1976A. Murray Stomping Blues vii. 107 (caption) The Savoy, the most famous ballroom in Harlem during the so-called Swing Era.
3. In attrib. or semi-adjectival use.
a. The electoral sense of ‘swing’ (swing n.2 8 h) applied to a marginal constituency, state, etc.
1964Economist 4 July 44/2 That interesting phenomenon, a ‘swing’ state. 1974Times 2 Mar. 4/5 The two major parties have very efficient organizations, as would be expected in a swing constituency. 1980Washington Post 19 Oct. a5/5 An effort to improve his chances of carrying the 26 electoral votes of that swing state.
b. Designating a nation that has the capacity to adjust oil production according to demand; also applied to the oil itself.
1973Synagogue Light Sept. 76/2 U.S. Treasury Deputy Secretary William H. Simon has identified Saudi Arabia as the ‘swing nation’, capable of a huge increase in its oil production. 1975Offshore Engineer Sept. 24/1 Acting as a ‘swing producer’, Saudi Arabia has absorbed the biggest drop in oil income. 1980Times 5 Feb. 18/2 Oil is the present ‘swing’ or ‘balancing’ fuel. Its flexibility of marketing and supply allows it to be easily taken up or cut back according to demand. |