| 释义 |
▪ I. dye, n.|daɪ|
Forms: 1 déaᵹ, déah, 3–4 dehe, 6–9 die, 7– dye.
[OE. had déaᵹ, déah fem., gen. déaᵹe (:—OTeut. *daugâ-), for which a ME. dehe (= deaȝe, deȝe) is known in 13th c. This would give later deye, dey, also (as with die v. and eye) dye, die. The word is not known thenceforth till the 16th c., when we find die: see the vb.
(The OTeut. *daugâ- indicates an ablaut series deug-, daug-, dug-, Aryan *dheuk-, etc., to which Kluge (Engl. Stud. XI. 511) refers also L. fūcus, and fūcāre to dye.)]
1. a. Colour or hue produced by, or as by, dyeing; tinge, hue.
c1000ælfric Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 152/18 Tinctura, deah. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 254 Se wolcn-reada wæfels..mid ðære deaᵹe hiwe. a1300Prayer to Our Lady 20 in O.E. Misc. 193 And mi tohte rude iturnd al in-to oðre dehe [rimes bisehe, ehe, leihe]. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 41 Girt with a crimson roobe of brightest die. 1663Butler Hud. i. i. 243 His tawny Beard In..cut and dye so like a Tile. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 24 Till..we ploughed deeper Water, North East, or a Cærulean dye. 1706Addison Rosamond ii. iii, Deck'd with flow'rs of various dies. 1740Somerville Hobbinol iii. 358 Fragrant Spice, or Silks of costly Die. 1812J. Wilson Isle of Palms iii. 88 Wings and crests of rainbow dyes.
b. fig. Chiefly in such phrases as a crime, fact, etc. of blackest or deepest dye, and the like.
1601Cornwallyes Ess. xvii, I never yet saw griefe of so deepe a Dye. 1605Tryall Chev. iii. iii. in Bullen O. Pl. III. 314 True vertues dye is such That malice cannot stayne nor envy tuch. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 244 A Treason of an ugly dye. 1752A. Murphy Gray's-Inn Jrnl. No. 5. §1 A Fact..of as Glaring a Die as I have ever known. 1819Mackintosh Sp. Ho. Com. 2 Mar. Wks. 1846 III. 370 Crimes..of the blackest die. 1885Manch. Exam. 16 June 4/7 He is a criminal of the deepest dye.
2. a. A material or matter used for dyeing; esp. colouring matter in solution.
c1000ælfric Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 152/19 Coccus, read deah. c1000Ags. Gloss. ibid. 244/30 Fucus, deaᵹ uel telᵹ. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 26 Wood called Sorba, much like Brasill, but makes a very deep dye. 1805Southey Madoc in W. xiv, Cheese of curd-like whiteness, with no foreign die Adulterate. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 527 Dyes..which require no mordant, are called permanent or great dyes. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. vi. (1858) 269 The purple shellfish..supplied the Phœnician merchants with their celebrated dye.
b. As a constituent or property of the cloth.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 200 When the dye is very fast, the cloth may be passed repeatedly through the machines..without being affected.
3. attrib. and Comb., as dye-drug, dye-pot, dye-trial, dye-vat (dye-fat); dye-bath, dye-beck, the wide shallow vessel containing the dyeing liquid; also the colouring matter therein contained; dye-coupled, -coupling Photogr. (see quot. 1958); dye laser, a tunable laser based on the intense fluorescence of certain organic dyes; dye-stone, an iron limestone, used as a dye in U.S.; dye-stuff, dye-ware, a substance which yields a dye; dye-works, works in which dyeing is carried on. Also dye-house, -wood.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 168 But in its state of freshness its volume becomes troublesome in the *dye-bath.
Ibid. I. 611 The mordant..is apt to give up a portion from the cloth in the *dyebeck. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. iii. 198/2 A solution of it is made in the dyebeck—a long vessel containing the dye in solution.
1943C. Duncan Man. Miniat. Camera (ed. 2) x. 100 (heading) Toning with a *dye-coupled developer. 1958M. L. Hall et al. Newnes' Compl. Amat. Photogr. xxxv. 328 Dye-coupled Developing. Where a wide range of colours is required probably the best method is provided by dye-coupling developers. The general principle is that the by-products of the developer giving the silver image will couple up with another compound, to produce a coloured substance.
1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 267 The duties upon oil, *dye-drugs, and every other impost.
1640Parkinson Theat. Bot. (1644) 602 A blew and purple scumme that riseth on the *Dyfat which is taken off and dried. 1675Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 55 Wool which never received the least tincture in the dye-fat.
1967Chem. & Engin. News 19 June 38/1 Organic *dye lasers, barely a year old, may be much more versatile than people have supposed. 1977Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXV. 763/2 The dye-laser..has made the laser, essentially a fixed frequency device, tunable.
1891‘Ganconagh’ J. Sherman & Dhoya ii. iii. 57 Some mischievous goblin always runs off with the *dye-pot. 1930E. Pound XXX Cantos xvii. 78 Dye-pots in the torch-light.
1837Penny Cycl. IX. 225/1 *Dye-stuffs can penetrate the minute pores of vegetable and animal fibres only when presented to them in a state of solution.
1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 41 Low prices of oil and *dye⁓wares.
1837Penny Cycl. IX. 226/2 Each of the great *dye⁓works in Alsace.
▪ II. dye, v.|daɪ|
Pa. tense and pple. dyed; pr. pple. dyeing. Forms: 1 déaᵹian, déᵹian, 4–5 deyen, deien, dyen, (5 dyȝen, dyne, 6 dei), 4–9 die, 4– dye.
[OE. déaᵹian (:—OTeut. *daugôjàn), f. déaᵹ dye n. (The convenient distinction in spelling between die and dye is quite recent. Johnson's Dict. spells both die; Addison has both as dye.)]
1. a. trans. To diffuse a colour or tint through; to tinge with a colour or hue; to colour, stain.
a1000Aldhelm Gl. (Napier, O.E. Gl.) I. 1208 Fucare, deaᵹian. Ibid. 5196 Inficere, deaghian. Ibid. 5330 Coloratis, deaᵹedum. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. viii. (1495) 866 Red clothe dieth the vtter parti of water yf it is layed there vnder. Ibid., Many thynges dyeth and colouryth thynges wythout and not wythin: as it fareth in peynture. c1500Melusine xxxi. 229 The dyches watre was as tourned & dyed with theyre blood. 1667Milton P.L. x. 1009 So much of Death her thoughts Had entertaind, as di'd her Cheeks with pale. 1720Gay Poems (1745) II. 258 My hands with blood of innocence are dy'd. 1826Cooper Mohicans (1829) I. iii. 45 It fell, dying the waters with its blood. 1892Gardiner Student's Hist. Eng. 9 They dyed their faces in order to terrify their enemies.
b. spec. To impregnate (any tissue or the like) with a colour, to fix a colour in the substance of, or to change the hue of by a colouring matter.
c1386Chaucer Nun's Pr. Epil. 12 Him nedeth nat his colour for to dyen With brasil. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 180 Þow schalt die hise heeris if þei ben white, wiþ tincture þat ben forseid. 1465Mann. & Househ. Exp. 178 Saffe he axithe alowanse ffor dyeynge xvj. ȝerdys cloth .xj.d. a1577Gascoigne Flowers, etc. Wks. (1587) 309 Nor useth art, in deing of hir heare. 1654tr. Martini's Conq. China 34 Black and purple horse-hair, which they die and dress most curiously. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 527 The most usual stuffs or materials which are required to be dyed, are wool, silk, cotton, and linen.
fig.1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 418 As it were dye your wit in their unchaungeable colours. a1700Dryden (J.), All white, a virgin saint she sought the skies; For marriage, though it sullies not, it dies.
c. Phrase: to dye in (the) wool, dye in grain, to subject to the action of a colouring matter while the material is in the raw or primitive state; the effect of which is more thorough and lasting than when done after it is ‘made up’. lit. and fig. (See also grain n.1 10 b; wool n. 1 g.)
c1386[see sense 2 a] 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 65 If he had not through institution and education (as it were) died in wool the manners of children. 1679Lond. Gaz. No. 1449/4 A peice of half Ell green double Camblet dyed in the Wool. 1798Edgeworth Pract. Educ. II. 351 Dyed in grain, means dyed into the substance of the material so that the dye can't be washed out.
2. Various constructions:
a. with the colour as object.
c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 503 So depe in greyn he dyed [Lansd. deiede] his coloures. c1386― Frankl. Prol. 53 Colours ne knowe I none..But..swiche as men dye [so all 6 texts; Wright deyen] or peynte. 1530Palsgr. 515/2 This dyer dyeth none other coloures but onely scarlets. c1600Shakes. Sonn. xcix, The purple pride..In my love's veins thou hast too grossly dyed. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts II. 173 Green..is produced by dyeing a blue over a yellow or a yellow over a blue.
b. with complement: To dye (a thing) red, blue, etc., or of (into, to) some colour.
1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. v, Whose blewe is lightly dyed into grene. 1486Bk. St. Albans A ij b, It hade need to be died other green or blwe. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. i. 39 A stream of gore..into a deepe sanguine dide the grassy grownd. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Mar 1 Apr., They die their nails a rose colour. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v. Dyeing, He uses it daily to dye any thing woollen to a scarlet colour. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts II. 164 Moses speaks of a raiment dyed blue. 1883Manch. Guardian 30 Oct. 8/4 The rain..in this red sandstone country soon dyes the stream of a dark red. 1891C. Graves Field of Tares 62, I saw a lovely flush rise in her cheeks and dye her sweet white throat into crimson.
c. absol. or with compl. only.
1436Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 180 The madre and woode that dyers take on hande To dyne wyth. 1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 383 Wher they be persones ynogh..to dye, carde, or spynne. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 16 They call drinking deepe, dying Scarlet. 1862Lindley Sch. Bot. 56 Genista tinctoria..Dyes yellow.
3. intr. for pass. To take a colour or hue (well or badly) in the process of dyeing.
Mod. This material dyes very well.
Hence dyed ppl. a.
c1645Howell Lett. vi. 9 Alderman Cockeins project of transporting no White Cloths but Died. 1863–72Watts Dict. Chem. II. 354 A piece of dyed cotton. 1876A. Arnold in Contemp. Rev. June 30 A henna-dyed follower of Islam.
▪ III. dye
obs. form of die v. and n. |