| 释义 |
syllogize, v.|ˈsɪlədʒaɪz|
Forms: 5 sylogyse, sillogise, 7 sillogize, 6– syllogize, 7– syllogise.
[a. OF. sil(l)ogiser, or ad. med.L. syllogizāre (Boethius, Thomas Aquinas), ad. Gr. συλλογίζεσθαι, f. σύν syn-1 + λογίζεσθαι to reckon, calculate, compute, conclude, infer, f. λόγος discourse, reason, consideration, account.
Syllogize has often been explained as meaning literally ‘to collect’, L. colligere being regarded as the etymological equivalent of Gr. συλλογίζεσθαι (perh. by association with συλλογή collection, συλλέγειν to collect); cf. Milton's Logic ii. ix, eam ratiocinantis quasi collectionem vox ipsa syllogismi significat. It has otherwise been interpreted as ‘to add up, make a sum of’, as if συλλογίζεσθαι were an intensive of λογιζέσθαι in the sense of ‘to calculate, compute’]
1. intr. To argue by syllogisms; to reason syllogistically; also gen. (Also with it.)
c1420? Lydg. Assembly of Gods 19 Me nought auaylyd ayene hym to sylogyse. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. ix. (1555) E ij b, But rude people, opprest with blyndnes Agaynst your fables, wyll often solisgyse [sic]. 1594Nashe Terrors of Night Wks. (Grosart) III. 250 All receipts and authors you can name he syllogizeth of. 1616R. C. Times' Whistle etc. (1871) 146 Though they can sillogize with arguments Of al thinges. 1631[see elenchize]. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 93 This constant concealing himselfe put her in doubt, causing her to syllogize; That who so loveth, the same obeyeth the thing or subject beloved, but he obeyed not (because he told her not who hee was) and therefore he loved her not. 1663Cowley Cutter Colman St. iv. iv, I have heard him syllogize it with Mr. Soaker in Mood and Figure. 1697tr. Burgersdicius' Logic ii. vi. 20 To Syllogise is to collect, that is, conclude, or from some certain Propositions to draw up the Summ of an Argument or Proof. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy I. xvi, And then he would do nothing but syllogize within himself for a stage or two together, How far the cause [etc.]. 1788T. Taylor Proclus I. 54 note, Thus we may syllogize in the first figure, Everything white, is an animal: Every bird is white: Therefore, Every bird is an animal. 1875W. Jackson Doctr. Retribution i. 54 They [sc. first-truths] cannot be proved deductively, because, being first, there is nothing prior from which to syllogize. 1907F. Harrison Creed of a Layman 168 He does not syllogise about the origin of things, but he goes straight to the practical work of religion.
b. trans. To argue (a person) out of a condition, etc.
1718Free-thinker No. 14 ⁋6 A Scholastick Jugler, who plays his Legerdemain Tricks to Syllogize the Ignorant out of their Understanding and their Senses. 1809Southey in Q. Rev. II. 51 That [he] should of a sudden fall in metaphysics, and, by a few miserable sophisms syllogize himself out of all hopes of an hereafter.
c. To deduce by syllogism.
Only in transl. and echoes of Dante Paradiso x. 138 sillogizzò invidiosi veri = ‘drew true conclusions which brought odium upon him’ (Tozer).
1867Longfellow tr. Dante, Paradise x. 138 Sigier, Who, reading lectures in the Street of Straw, Did syllogize invidious verities. 1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 337 The men who attack abuses are not so much to be dreaded by the reigning house of Superstition as those who, as Dante says, syllogize hateful truths. 1884― Democracy (1887) 15 It is then only that they syllogize unwelcome truths.
2. intr. (nonce-use, after sympathize.) To agree in ways of thinking.
1800Mackintosh Let. to Moore 27 Sept., in Mem. (1835) I. 141 There is no body to whom I speak with such unreserved agreeable liberty, because we so much sympathise and (to borrow Parr's new coined word) syllogise.
Hence ˈsyllogizer, a syllogistic reasoner; ˈsyllogizing vbl. n., reasoning by syllogisms.
1588J. Harvey Disc. Probl. 96 These cunning *Syllogizers, or any like Sophisticall concluders. 1606J. Dove Def. Church Govt. 72 It is not a noueltie of 60. yeares old, as this syllogiser hath obiected. 1642Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. xvi. 86 Every Syllogizor is not presently a match to cope with Bellarmine.
c1449Pecock Repr. i. xiv. (Rolls) 76 For that thei trusten and trowen the premisse be trewe, eer that thei seen the premisses sufficientli proued bi *sillogizing. 1569J. Sandford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes xcvii. 169 They hauing recourse to interpreting, to expounding, to glossinge, and to sillogisinge, do rather geue it some other sence, then the proper meaninge of the letter. 1654J. Webster Acad. Examen 38 The vain glory of Syllogizing Sophistry. 1656tr. Hobbes's Elem. Philos. (1839) 57 Errors which happen in reasoning, that is, in syllogizing, consist either in the falsity of the premises, or of the inference. 1666Bp. S. Parker Free & Impart. Censure (1667) 36 Plato's manner of arguing is more succinct than the tedious way of Syllogising. 1699T. Baker Refl. Learn. v. 58 The way of Syllogizing seem'd to him very fallacious and too dependent upon words, to be much rely'd on. 1806W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. IV. 722 The reasoning power he [sc. Newton] displayed in the mathematical forms of syllogizing. 1877E. Caird Philos. Kant i. 134 There is no ground for saying that reason, the faculty of syllogising, is different and distinct from understanding, the faculty of judging. |