| 释义 |
synchrotron Physics.|ˈsɪŋkrəʊtrɒn|
[f. synchro- + -tron.]
An accelerator in which electrons or protons gain energy from an alternating electric field as they travel round a closed orbit in a magnetic field, the strength of this field (and in the case of protons, the frequency of the electric field) being increased to keep the radius of the path constant as the particles gain mass relativistically. Also transf.
1945E. M. McMillan in Physical Rev. LXVIII. 143/2 (heading) The synchrotron—a proposed high energy particle accelerator. 1947, etc. [see proton synchrotron s.v. proton 3]. 1950Engineering 24 Mar. 332/2 A new electron synchrotron..at work on problems of photo⁓disintegration and pair production. 1971Sci. Amer. July 79/1 The Crab Nebula is a cosmic synchrotron, permeated by electrons with energies of 1,000 billion electron volts or even higher. 1977J. D. Lawson Physics of Charged-Particle Beams ii. 79 Large synchrotrons consist of a sequence of magnets arranged in a ring separated by ‘straight sections’, which may not all be of the same length.
2. attrib. and Comb., as synchrotron emission, synchrotron mechanism, synchrotron process; synchrotron radiation, polarized radiation emitted by a charged particle as it spirals at high speed in a magnetic field, as in a synchrotron; the emission of this.
1962C. Susskind Encycl. Electronics 275/2 The visible continuum of the Crab nebula has been accepted as synchrotron emission. 1978Pasachoff & Kutner University Astron. xxiv. 594 Continuum radio radiation can be generated by any of several processes. One of the most important is synchrotron emission, the process that produces the radiation from Taurus A.
1956Astrophysical Jrnl. CXXIII. 550 The synchrotron mechanism..beautifully explains the radiation and polarization of the continuum of the Crab Nebula. 1962C. Susskind Encycl. Electronics 275/2 As few as 10-4 relativistic electrons per cubic centimeter, emitting by the synchrotron process in a field of 10-5 gauss, can explain the observations. 1975Sci. Amer. Dec. 38/1 When the electrons spiral along the lines of force of the star's magnetic field, they radiate by means of the synchrotron process, emitting radio waves, visible light and X rays.
1956Astrophysical Jrnl. CXXIV. 416 (heading) On synchrotron radiation from Messier 87. 1981J. B. Adams in J. H. Mulvey Nature of Matter vii. 165 The large size of LEP [sc. a synchrotron] is due not to its particle energy but to the need to reduce synchrotron radiation losses and to economize on electrical power consumption. |