| 释义 |
‖ syntagma|sɪnˈtægmə|
Pl. -ata or -as.
[mod.L., a. Gr. σύνταγµα, f. συντάσσειν (see syntaxis).]
1. A regular or orderly collection of statements, propositions, doctrines, etc.; a systematically arranged treatise.
1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 67 All must be supprest which is not found in their Syntagma. 1825Coleridge Aids Refl. vii. 198 The Gospel is not a system of Theology, nor a Syntagma of theoretical propositions and conclusions.
2. Antiq.
a. A body of persons forming a division of the population of a country.
b. A body of troops forming a division of a phalanx.
1813Prichard Phys. Hist. Man vii. §2. 333 Diodorus Siculus tells us, that ‘besides the priests and military cast, the state [in Egypt] is divided into three syntagmata,..The Herdsmen... The Agriculturists... The Artisans’. 1856Grote Greece ii. xcii. XII. 81 Among these divisions..is the Syntagma, which contained sixteen Lochi.
3. Bot. An aggregate of ‘tagmata’: see tagma.
1885[see tagma].
4. Linguistics. [ad. F. syntagme (F. de Saussure a 1913, Cours de Linguistique Générale (1916) ii. v. 176).] A syntactic unit comprising two or more linguistic signs or elements. Also transf.
1937J. Orr tr. Iordan's Introd. Romance Linguistics iv. 286 A syntagma is composed of at least two units in sequence. 1946Word II. 117 To the best of our knowledge, there are three such ultimate and irreducible signs: the phoneme, the word, and the construction or syntagma. Ibid. 118 The syntagma is defined as the sign of the relations into which the referents of words, enter. 1967Ibid. XXIII. 380 As all composites are syntagmas, i.e., grammatical entities, they must be explainable from an underlying sentence whose syntactic relations they mirror. 1974M. Taylor Metz's Film Lang. p. x, A syntagma is, consequently, a unit of actual relationship, while a paradigm is a unit of potential relationship. 1979Trans. Philol. Soc. 82 The Latin noun declensions provide more than sufficient illustration of syncretism within word paradigms..with the burden of disambiguating relevant properties then being shifted to the syntagma. |