| 释义 |
▪ I. syringe, n.|sɪˈrɪndʒ, ˈsɪ-|
Forms: 5 siryng, syryng, 5–7 siring, 6 syrring, syrynge, searing, 6–7 sirynge, syring, sering, 7 cyring, serring(e, sirreng, serrenge, serrindge, 7–8 sir(r)inge, 7–9 seringe, 8 cirenge, 6– syringe.
[ad. med.L. siringa, sirynga (whence OF. ceringue, syringue, F. seringue, It. sciringa, Sp. jeringa, Pg. seringa), to which is due the pronunciation with final (ŋ), which seems to have survived till near the close of the 17th cent. In the 16th cent. the word began to be assimilated to the oblique cases of the classical form syrinx, pl. syringes |sɪˈrɪndʒiːz|, by being spelt with a final e and pronounced with |dʒ|.]
1. a. A small cylindrical instrument, in its commonest form consisting of a tube fitted with a piston, but in some modern types of a tube with a rubber bulb attached, used to draw in a quantity of water or other liquid, and to eject it forcibly in a stream or jet for making injections, cleansing wounds, etc.; † also used as a catheter.
In quot. 1617 applied opprobriously to a surgeon.
a1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 33, I toke a siryng of siluer and a bleddre y-bounden aboute ful of sanguis veneris, and þe siryng y-putte in þurȝ oon hole and þe bleddre compressed wiþ þe fyngers, þe oile inȝetted went out by al þe holes togidre on boþe sides. Ibid. 95 It availeþ mych agayne brynnyng of vryne within in þe ȝerd, If it be cast in wyþ a syryng. 1541Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 H iij, A syring of bras yt the grekes call Cathering. 1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. iii. x. 99 b, Let thys decoction be spouted into the wounde..wyth a syrynge [orig. siringa]. Ibid. Interpr., Syrynges, Syryngx signifyeth a pype or spoute. 1561in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. vi. 189 A sering of siluer, parcell gilte. 1590P. Barrough Meth. Phisick iii. lvii. (1639) 192 If urine be gathered in the bladder, let it be brought out with a cyring. 1595Widdowes Treas. E j, With this water with your Searing, squirt it into the Yarde. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 12 The large Siringe containing one wine pint, commonly called the Glister Siringe. 1615Markham Eng. Housew. (1660) 15 Take old Ale,..adde thereto a pretty quantity of life hony, and as much Allome, and then with a serrindge or such like, wash the sores therewith. 1617Fletcher Mad Lover iii. i, Surgeon, Serring, Dogleach, shall I come fetch ye? 1639T. de Grey Compl. Horsem. 106 With a pewter or elder sering or squirt inject it into his nose. 1683Salmon Doron Med. i. 92 Water..cast in with a syring. 1699Garth Dispens. v. 62 Then, from their level'd Syringes they pour The liquid Volly of a missive Show'r. 1791Gentl. Mag. Jan. 22/2 The use of the syringe is generally recommended by medical practitioners in deafnesses. 1884Pye Surgical Handicraft 480 The Hypodermic Syringe. 1890Retrospect Med. CII. 290 Removing with spoon and syringe the clot itself within the lateral sinus. 1909Blackw. Mag. Jan. 33/1 His subcutaneous syringes for morphia were worn out.
b. A similar instrument used for various purposes, as exhausting or compressing air, squirting water over plants, etc.: see quots.
1659J. Leak Waterwks. 3 If the Aire be prest..let it be by means of a Seringe or by a pipe. a1700Evelyn Diary 19 Aug. 1641, By compression of the ayre with a syringe. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Syringe,..an Instrument made of Ivory in use among Confectioners for the making of March-panes. 1710New Map Trav. of High Church Apostle 7 Two Cirenges hanging at his Saddle,..to squirt in the Eyes of his Lowflyers. 1792Trans. Soc. Arts X. 275 A Syringe for watering Plants or Flowers, in imitation of rain. 1805Loudon Improv. Hot-Houses 162 Giving the whole plants and house a gentle shower with the seringe. 1831Lardner Pneumat. ii. 228 Two instruments..called syringes, one the exhausting syringe, and the other the condensing syringe. 1867Baker Nile Trib. xxi. (1872) 366 A quart syringe for injecting brine into fresh meat.
2. Applied to certain natural structures in insects.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xlvi. IV. 353 Syringes..organs situated in various parts of larvæ, from which they ejaculate a watery fluid to annoy or drive away their enemies. 1909Century Dict., Suppl., Syringe..in the head of a hemipterous insect, a chamber beneath the pharynx and extending to the grooves of the setæ in the beak,..supposed to propel the product of the salivary glands towards the tips of the setæ.
3. Comb., as syringe-case, syringe-needle, syringe-pipe, syringe-spout, syringe-valve; syringe-engine, a form of hand-pump formerly used as a fire-extinguisher; syringe-gun, a syringe used for disabling humming-birds by ejecting water upon them; syringe passage, a technique for maintaining a strain of micro-organisms or parasitic protozoans by transferring them through generations of laboratory animals by inoculation with a syringe; also (with hyphen) as v. trans., to subject to this technique; syringe-passaged ppl. a.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Syringe-case.
Ibid., Syringe-engine.
1879Goode Catal. Anim. Resources U.S. 90 Water-guns. Syringe-guns. 1903Daily Chron. 26 Oct. 5/7 To the end of the syringe fitted a needle. The enclosing metal case had apertures for the syringe needle.
1946Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasitol. XL. 270 All the strains [of Trypanosoma] having been maintained by syringe passage through small laboratory animals. 1947Ibid. XLI. 29 It is shown from the literature that a strain which is syringe-passaged through mice gradually increases in its sensitivity to arsenicals. 1970P. J. Walker in H. W. Mulligan African Trypanosomiases v. 89 Syringe passage has certain inherent defects. 1980Jrnl. Infection II. 106 They [sc. trypanosomes] had been syringe-passaged from rodent to rodent in the laboratory.
1947Ann. Trop. Med. & Parasitol. XLI. 27 All the trypano⁓somes present in the syringe-passaged strain were the long heterozygous form of T[rypanosoma] rhodesiense. 1971P. C. C. Garnham Progr. Parasitol. iii. 28 Such trypanosomes lose their polymorphic morphology, just as they do in syringe-passaged strains in the laboratory.
1653T. Brugis Vade Mecum (ed. 2) 147 The holes of the siringe-pipe are like to bee choaked.
1599Minsheu Sp. Dict. (1623), Xeringa..a siring spout to spout into the yard of him that cannot make water.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Syringe-valve.
▪ II. syringe, v.|sɪˈrɪndʒ, ˈsɪ-|
Forms: see prec.
[f. prec. Cf. F. seringuer, It. sciringare, etc.]
1. trans. To treat with a syringe; to inject or sprinkle fluid into or upon by means of a syringe.
1610T. Cocks Diary (1901) 99 Payde..for seringinge my pursse vj d. 1651French Distill. iv. 101 Two or three drops being dropped into the Ear, after it is well syringed. 1662W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. verse 18. vi. 565 Do with thy soul as the Chyrurgeon with his patients wounds, who seringeth them with some sharp searching water. 1662R. Mathew Unl. Alch. §92. 159 Being deaf, I employed a man to serrenge my ear. 1747H. Glasse Cookery ix. 82 Your Batter being hot, syringe your Fritters in it. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 453 When the vine is in a growing state the air must be kept moist... This may always be effected by syringing the plants before shutting up the house. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 780 To syringe out any purulent lesions with carbolic solution.
absol.1720Prior Let. to Swift 4 May, I did not take care of my ears till I knew if my head was my own or not; but am now syringing. 1884Pye Surgical Handicraft 423 Place the patient..with the affected ear downwards, and syringe from below.
2. To inject (liquid) by means of a syringe.
1653T. Brugis Vade Mecum (ed. 2) 214 Vineger..siringed into the eare..is good. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1756) I. 299 This Balsam is to be syringed..into the Wound. 1761Ann. Reg. IV. Usef. Proj. 128/2 To have some warm milk and water syringed up her nostrils.
Hence ˈsyringed ppl. a., ˈsyringing vbl. n.
1658A. Fox Würtz' Surg. iv. vi. 335 For pains in the mouth, a strong siringing is necessary. 1676Wiseman Chirurg. Treat. iv. vi. 326 A flux of bloud from the Nose, Mouth, and Eye, which was stopt by the syringing up of oxycrate. 1747H. Glasse Cookery ix. 82 Syringed Fritters. 1850Beck's Florist 64 Aristolochia hyperborea..requires abundant syringing during the summer, as it is a plant much subject to the attacks of red spider. |