| 释义 |
eighth, a. and n.|eɪtθ|
Forms: eahtoða, eah-, ehteða- (late WS. also eahteoða), 1–3 eah-, ehtuða, -ðe, 3 eihteoðe, -tuðe, eg-, ehteðe, 3–4 eiȝteðe, -iþe, aȝtþe, 5 eghtid, eyted, 7– eighth: from 3– the forms are often identical with those of the cardinal, 3 eiȝt, 4 eȝte, heyt, aght, 5 eght, 5–6 eyght, 6 awght, ayghte, 5–9 eight, Sc. aucht.
[OE. eahtoða = OHG. ahtodo (MHG. ahtode, ahtede, ahte, mod.G. achte) repr. OTeut. type ahˈtoþon-, f. *ahtau, *ahtô eight (The OS. ahtodo, Goth. ahtuda represent a type *ˈahtođon-, the result of accent-shifting or of analogy; for the OFris. and ON. forms see eightin.]
A. adj.
1. a. That comes next in order to the seventh.
a1000Menologium 3 (Gr.) Crist wæs..on þy eahteoðan dæᵹ Hælend ᵹehaten. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 298 Eahtoþe is þæs stanes mæᵹen, þæt, etc. c1175Lamb. Hom. 81 Þet me sculde in þe ehtuþe dei þet knaue child embsniþen. a1225Ancr. R. 144 Þe eihtuðe þinc is hu muchel is þe mede iðe blisse of heouene. a1300Signs before Judgm. 113 in E.E.P. (1862) 10 Þe eiȝt dai so is dotus and þat ful wel þou salt se. a1300Cursor M. 29310 Þe aght case falles all þa in þat any witchecraft gers bigyn. 138.Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 267 Þe eiȝtiþe condicioun. c1400Destr. Troy 6222 The Eghtid Batell in the burgh [was] Vnder Serces..the souerain of Perce. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 100 The vertue of the Eight sphere. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings viii. 66 And on the eight daye he let the people go. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 11 The rycht keping of the aucht command. 1605Heywood If you know not me Wks. 1874 I. 207 If it be treason To be the daughter to th' eight Henry, I am a traitor. 1609Bp. Hall Disswas. Poperie (1627) 635 Let him heare Origen, what he answers, in the eight volume of his Explanations of Esay. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 194 The sixth, eighth or tenth day. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. liii. (1838) V. 266 But the seventh and eighth centuries were a period of discord and darkness. 1887Gray's Anat. (ed. 11) 667 The eighth or auditory nerve.
b. With ellipsis of n., to be supplied from context. Also in dates, with ellipsis of day (of the month).
a1000Guthlac 1010 (Gr.) Min feorh heonan On þisse eahteðan [nihte] ende ᵹeseceð. 1297R. Glouc. (1810) 473 The eiȝtethe was, that..citacion non nere Thoru bulle of the pope. c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 1010 Þe aȝtþe þe beryl cler & quyt. a1400Cov. Myst. (1841) 83 The eyted is contempt of veyn glory in us. c1400Apol. Loll. 77 Þe heyt. Crist biddiþ in þe gospel to His vicar, turn þe swerd in to þe scheþ. 1526Tindale Rev. xxi. 20 The ayghte berall. 1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 183 The awght is meiknes quhilk assuages and mitigats al angrie motions of ire. 1642Chas. I. Answ. Petit. Pres. at York 18 Apr. 1 Our Message of the eighth of April. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. xliv. 257 When the Lord of the Ascendant is..in the Antiscion of the Lord of the eighth. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 67 The space of seven continu'd Nights he [Satan] rode With darkness..On the eighth return'd. 1861Ramsay Remin. Ser. ii. 181 She answered them..‘The tongue no man can tame..James Third and Aucht’, and drank off her glass.
2. eighth part: one of eight equal parts into which a quantity may be divided.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cxxvii. 154 He had nat the eyght part in nombre of men as the frenche kynge had. 1571Digges Pantom. iii. ix. R ij, An eight part of the great Pyramis HIK. 1660H. Bloome Archit. A. c, One eight part of the thicknesse.
3. eighth note = quaver n.1 U.S.
1889in Cent. Dict. 1958Blesh & Janis They all played Ragtime iv. 77 Unaccented eighth notes alternating with accented quarter notes.
B. n.
1. a. = eighth part. See A. 2.
1557Recorde Whetst. B ij b, An eight more. 1747J. Lind Lett. Navy i. (1757) 23 The commander in chief is to have one half of the eight. 1842Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 391 The Muskhoyees from seven eighths of what is termed the Creek Confederacy.
b. Mil. eighth-wheel, when a body of troops revolves upon its centre or one of its ends to the extent of one-eighth part of a circle.
1796Instr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 110 The eighth wheel is toward the flank which is to be the head of the column..Advantage will arise if the eighth wheel is made on the center of each body. Ibid. 130 According to the degree ordered, whether half, quarter, or eighth wheel.
2.
†a. Music. = octave. Obs. An interval of seven notes of the diatonic scale.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 70 A third, a Fift, a Sixt, and an eight. 1652News fr. Lowe-Countr. 8 He..Knows Thirds, Fifths, Eights, Rests, Moods, and Time. 1694Phil. Trans. XVIII. 73 He next Observes, that all Progressions by Concords, except by Eighths, produce Discord. 1706A. Bedford Temple Mus. iii. 54 They sang the..Part an Eighth, or Seven Notes higher than the Men.
b. The note separated from any given one above or below by an interval of an eighth.
1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 15 In b fa {sharp} mi, and his eight, you may not sing mi for fa. 1674Playford Skill Mus. i. i. 3 Which will be the same, and only eights to those above. 1685Boyle Effects of Mot. vii. 88, I made him raise his Voice to an Eighth.
c. = eighth note.
1956M. Stearns Story of Jazz (1957) xxi. 273 Iturbi produces the feeling that he is playing straight (not dotted) eighths. |