| 释义 |
electrostatic, a.|ɪˌlɛktrəʊˈstætɪk|
[f. electro- + static; cf. hydrostatic.]
Pertaining to statical electricity. Also Special Combs., as electrostatic field (cf. field n. 17, quot. 1881), electrostatic generator, electrostatic induction (cf. induction 10), electrostatic lens (= electron lens), electrostatic precipitation (= electrical precipitation), electrostatic voltmeter; electrostatic unit, an electrical unit based on the C.G.S. system (1893 in Funk's Stand. Dict.), abbrev. E.S.U., e.s.u. Hence eˌlectroˈstatical a., of same meaning. eˌlectroˈstatically adv. electrostatics, the science dealing with statical electricity.
1827J. Cumming Man. Electro Dynamics 4 M. Ampère has proposed to apply the term electro-statics to all the effects of electricity in its state of tension. 1853W. Thomson in Phil. Mag. June 403 Results..enable us to determine the numerical relation between electro-statical and electro-magnetic units. Ibid., Resistance measured as above in terms of the electro-statical unit. 1860― Ibid. Sept. 233 In..June 1853, I described a method for measuring differences of electric potential in absolute electrostatic units. 1863Brit. Assoc. Comm. Electr. Standards Rep. 26 Aug. iv. 34 Electrostatic System of Units. This new measurement of quantity forms the foundation of a distinct system or series of units, which may be called the electrostatic units. Ibid. 39 Electric resistance in electrostatic units is measured by the reciprocal of an absolute velocity. 1867Sir W. Thomson in Athenæum No. 2084. 428 Self-acting electro-static accumulator. 1880Jrnl. Soc. Telegr. Engin. IX. 430 These examples are perhaps sufficiently elucidative of the part that electro-static induction plays during the establishment of a current in a wire. 1881Maxwell Electr. & Magn. I. 453 The..electromotive force of an electromotor may be measured..electrostatically by means of the electrometer. 1882Minchin Unipl. Kinemat. 248 An electrostatical distribution. 1885Athenæum 3 Jan. 21/2 The action of the air felt in front of an electrostatic machine in action. 1885Watson & Burbury Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. I. 208 The..two-fluid theory of electricity in its application to Electrostatics. 1906Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 829/2 Electrostatic voltmeters. These depend on the principle of the Electrometer. 1912Metall. & Chem. Engin. X. 173/2 (caption) Cross-section through one of the electrostatic precipitation chambers. 1916Chem. Abstr. 562 At present the differences between the electrostatic units and the electromagnetic units of measurement are the cause of much confusion. 1920Whittaker's Electr. Engin. Pocket-Bk. (ed. 4) 651 The precipitation of dust..by means of the electrostatic field..has only been applied to industrial purposes within the last six years. 1931S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms (ed. 2) 109/2 Electrostatic Generator, a machine which produces charges at high potentials when driven mechanically, by an electrostatic process. 1938R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth's Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) i. iv. 7 Since 1 coulomb = 3 × 109 electrostatic units, it follows that the charge borne by a monovalent ion is 1·6 × 10–19 × 3 × 109 = 4·8 × 10–10 e.s.u. 1953Amos & Birkinshaw Television Engin. I. x. 237 A practical electrostatic lens of the type used in cathode-ray tubes has an optical equivalent containing several convex and concave elements. 1958O. R. Frisch Nuclear Handbk. xvi. i. 14 In such a system of electrostatic lenses, the ideal sought is one having fixed optical properties independent of the mass number and initial energy of the ions. 1962Gloss. Terms Nuclear Sci. (B.S.I.) 6 The electrostatic generator (first designed by Van de Graaff), in which a conveyor belt is used to charge an insulated electrode to the desired potential. |